2020八年级英语上册 Unit 3《Our Hobbies》词汇精讲精练 （新版）仁爱版 5页

Unit 3 Our Hobbies 词汇精讲精练 词汇精讲 ‎1. hobby hobby作名词，意为“兴趣；爱好”。例如：‎ His hobby is fishing.‎ 他的爱好是钓鱼。‎ One of my hobbies is painting.‎ 我的业余爱好之一是画画。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 其他表达喜好的句型：‎ enjoy sth./doing sth.‎ be keen on sth./doing sth.‎ be into sth./doing sth.‎ feel like sth./doing sth.‎ be fond of sth./doing sth.‎ be crazy about sth./doing sth.‎ be inserested in sth./doing sth.‎ ‎2. collect collect作及物动词，意为“收集，搜集”。例如：‎ collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币 ‎【拓展】‎ ‎（1）collection作名词，意为“收藏品、收集物”。是动词collect 的名词形式，是由动词collect加后缀－tion变化来的。‎ These are my collections. 这些是我的收藏品。‎ My brother has a very good collection of stamps. 我的弟弟收集了许多邮票。‎ ‎（2）collector 作名词，意为“收藏家”。例如：‎ Mark is a famous stamp collector. Mark是一位著名的邮票收藏家。‎ ‎3. cut ‎（1）cut作动词，意为“切；割；剪；削减”。过去式及过去分词形式与原形相同，也是cut。例如：‎ This knife is not sharp enough to cut the steak.‎ 这把刀子不够利，无法切牛排。‎ Don’t cut your finger on the broken glass.‎ 别让碎玻璃割伤你的手。‎ Face round, please, so that I can cut your hair at the back.‎ 转一下头，好让我可以剪你后面的头发。‎ Please cut out the expense in order to save the money.‎ 为了节省钱，请削减开支。‎ ‎（2）cut作名词，意为“切口；式样；剪辑”。例如：‎ His cheek was badly scarred by a knife cut.‎ 他的面颊上留有严重的刀疤。‎ I don’t like the cut of his new suit.‎ 5‎ 我不喜欢他那套新衣服的式样。‎ Before this play is broadcast several cuts must be made.‎ 这个剧目播出前必须经过数次剪辑。‎ ‎4. lend lend作及物动词，意为“借给，借出”，表示“自己”借给“他人”。常用结构有：lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物。例如：‎ ‎ Can you lend me your ruler? = Can you lend your ruler to me? 把你的尺子借给我好吗？‎ ‎ 【辨析】‎ lend 借出，借给 表示把东西借给他人 常用搭配：lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.‎ borrow 借入，借来 表示从他人那借来 常用搭配：borrow sth. from sb.‎ 例如：‎ ‎ She borrows an English dictionary from her classmate and lends a pen to her friend.‎ ‎ 她向同学借了一本字典，并把一支钢笔借给了朋友。‎ ‎5. wonder ‎（1）wonder作名词，意为“惊奇；奇迹”。例如：‎ They were filled with wonder at the new waterfall.‎ 他们对新瀑布感到非常惊奇。 ‎ Colour television is really a wonder.‎ 彩色电视真是一个奇迹。‎ ‎（2）wonder作动词，意为“惊奇；想知道；怀疑”。例如：‎ I shouldn’t wonder if he wins the prize.‎ 如果他获奖，我不会感到惊奇。 ‎ I wonder if this picture can be restored.‎ 我很想知道这幅画能否修复。‎ I wonder if you have so much time to do so much work.‎ 我怀疑你是否有那么多时间去做那么多工作。‎ ‎6. understand understand作动词，意为“懂得；明白；理解；认识到；听说；获悉”，understood是其过去式及过去分词形式。例如：‎ He is trying his best to understand his meaning.‎ 他正在尽力弄明白他的意思。‎ I don’t understand what you’re talking about.‎ 我不明白你在说什么。‎ If you can’t do it, I will understand.‎ 如果你不会做这件事的话，我可以理解。‎ I don’t fully understand his reasons for leaving.‎ 我不完全理解他离开的理由。‎ You must understand the gravity of the situation.‎ 你必须认识到局势的严重性。‎ I understand that you will be moving here soon.‎ 我听说你就要搬到这儿来住了。‎ ‎7. agree agree作不及物动词，意为“同意”，I agree意为“同意，赞成”，I don’t 5‎ ‎ agree表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，常用于交际用语中。另外，agree后接不定式，但不能接动名词。例如：‎ She agreed to lend me the book. 她同意把那本书借给我。‎ I agree to meet him tomorrow. 我同意明天见他。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ agree with和agree to(to为介词)都表示“同意，赞同”，但后面所接的宾语不同。agree with后接指人或表示意见、看法的词；agree to后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词。例如：‎ I quite agree with you. 我很同意你（的意见）。‎ Do you agree with what I have said? 你同意我所说的话吗？‎ He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们度假的建议了。‎ ‎8. useful useful作形容词，意为“有用的；有益的”。例如：‎ The dictionary is very useful. ‎ 字典是很有用的。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ useful是由动词use后缀“-ful”构成的形容词。动词后缀“-ful”变成形容词，是一种常见的构词法，类似的这样的词还有很多。例如：care→ careful；help→ helpful。‎ ‎9. beat beat作及物动词，有以下用法：‎ ‎ （1）意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。例如：‎ I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。‎ ‎ （2）意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：‎ ‎ Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？‎ ‎ （3）表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如：‎ ‎ I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：‎ ‎ beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：‎ ‎ Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。‎ Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？‎ ‎10. disappear disappear 作动词，意为“消失，消散”。其反义词是appear, 意为“出现”。例如：‎ Don’t disappear again. 不要再消失了。‎ Some animals are disappearing because of hunting.‎ 一些动物因滥捕而濒临灭绝。‎ A woman appeared at the end of the street.‎ 一位妇女出现在街道的尽头。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ dis-主要用在动词之前或名词和形容词前，表示相反意义。例如：‎ ‎ dislike不喜欢；discover发现；disobey不遵守；disbelieve不相信；‎ disadvantage不利条件；dishonest不诚实的 ‎11. wake与awake 5‎ ‎（1）wake意为“醒；叫醒”，它可以用作不及物动词或及物动词，常与副词up连用。‎ 例如：What time do you usually wake (up)? ‎ 你通常在什么时候醒来？ ‎ Wake up! It's eight o’clock. 醒醒吧！已经八点钟了。‎ ‎（2）awake作动词，表示“醒；弄醒”的意思时，比wake稍微正式些，不如wake常用。它也可以用作形容词，作表语，意思是“醒着的”。例如：‎ Don’t worry! I shall awake him on time.‎ 不用担心!到时我会叫醒他的。‎ Is he awake or asleep? 他醒着还是睡着？ ‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 相关词组：awake to (sth. ) 对某事物醒悟；觉悟；觉察到。例如：‎ Are you awake to the danger you are in? ‎ 你意识到你自己所处的危险了吗？‎ ‎12. but与however ‎ but和however都可表示语义上的转折，但用法上有区别：‎ ‎（1）从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。‎ ‎（2）从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。‎ ‎（3）从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾，但在翻译成汉语时，一定要把它放在分句之首。‎ ‎（4）从标点上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。‎ 例如：‎ We love peace, but we are not afraid of war. ‎ 我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。‎ He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.‎ 他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。‎ You can phone the doctor. However, I doubt whether he will come out on a Saturday night. ‎ 你可以给医生打电话。不过，我怀疑他是否会在周六晚上出诊。‎ He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however. ‎ 他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。‎ 词汇精练 I.‎‎ 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。‎ ‎1. He often goes swimming during summer v_______.‎ ‎2. My favorite pet is a cat. Because it’s funny and l_______.‎ ‎3. Chatting on the Internet can bring us happiness and f_______.‎ ‎4. —Who taught you to swim?‎ ‎—N_______. I taught myself.‎ ‎5. Look at the young man with light hair. He is so h_______.‎ ‎6. The children can learn a lot of _______ (知识) on TV.‎ ‎7. Which do you prefer, reading or _______ (绘画)?‎ ‎8. I think pigs are really very _______ (愚蠢的).‎ ‎9. His face looks very black and _______ (丑陋的), but his heart is very kind and 5‎ ‎ beautiful.‎ ‎10.—The movie is wonderful. ‎ ‎—I a_______ with you.‎ II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。‎ ‎1. “Jim paints well” means he is a good _______(paint).‎ ‎2. —What’s your hobby?‎ ‎—I like _______(collect) coins very much.‎ ‎3. He was taking a _______ (show) at this time last night.‎ ‎4. I _______ to work in a car factory.‎ ‎5. Hobbies help people relax after their _______ (day) work.‎ ‎6. I really enjoy the music. It sounds so _______(pleased).‎ ‎7. I felt very _______(sadly), because he hurt my dog.‎ ‎8. Here’s some _______(use) information about travel in Canada. ‎ ‎9.—Do you wash _______(dish) at home?‎ ‎—Yes, but not often.‎ ‎10. The teacher told us a funny story. All the students _______(laugh) happily.‎ III. 根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。‎ Li Ming is m___1___ good friend. He has many h___2___. He used to be a movie fan. He went to the movie t___3___ at least twice a week. Sometimes he rented VCDs and w___4___ them at home. His f___5___ movie star was Jiang Wen. ‎ Now Li Ming is interested in c___6___ stamps. He thinks it’s great f___7___. He can learn a lot about people, places, history and many other things f___8___ stamps. Some old stamps are very v___9___. ‎ Last Friday was Li Ming’s b___10___. He got many stamps from his friends. Li Ming was very happy.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ I.‎‎ 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。‎ ‎1. vacations 2. lovely 3. friendship 4. Nobody 5. handsome ‎ ‎6. knowledge 7. painting/drawing 8. stupid 9. ugly 10. agree II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。‎ ‎1. painter 2. collecting 3. shower 4. used 5. daily ‎6. pleasant 7. sad 8. useful 9. dishes 10. laughed III. 根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。‎ ‎1. my 2. hobbies 3. theater 4. watched 5. favorite 6. collecting 7. fun 8. from 9. valuable 10. birthday 5‎