2020年八年级英语上册形容词副词级别变化之比较级讲义（新版）人教新目标版 11页

形容词副词级别变化之比较级 (讲义)‎ 比较级概念 1. The weather in Nanjing is hot. The weather in Zhengzhou is hot. 郑州的天气不如南京热。‎ The weather in Zhengzhou is not so/as hot as the weather in Nanjing (is).‎ The weather in Zhengzhou is less hot than that in Nanjing. The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Zhengzhou.‎ 2. Harry Potter is interesting.‎ Alice in the Wonderland is interesting.‎ Harry Potter 不如 Alice in the Wonderland 有趣。‎ Harry Potter is not so/as interesting as Alice in the Wonderland ‎(is).‎ Harry Potter is less interesting than Alice in the Wonderland. Alice in the Wonderland is more interesting than Harry Potter.‎ 3. Linda’s hair is long. Lily’s hair is long.‎ Linda 的头发不如 Lily 的长。‎ Linda’s hair is not so/as long as Lily’s. Linda’s hair is shorter than Lily’s.‎ Lily’s hair is longer than Linda’s.‎ 4. Linda runs fast.‎ I run fast.‎ 我不如 Linda 跑得快。‎ I don’t run so/as fast as Linda (runs/does). I run slower than Linda (runs/does).‎ Linda runs faster than me.‎ 5. Zhang Li works very hard. Lucy works very hard.‎ Lucy 不如张丽工作努力。‎ Lucy doesn’t work so/as hard as Zhang Li (works/does). Lucy works less hard than Zhang Li (works/does).‎ Zhang Li works harder than Lucy (works/does).‎ 11‎ 比较级：表示两者(人或事物)的比较。比较对象 两者且一致 判断下列哪些描述属于比较级，在其后括号内打“√” 三班学生比我们班学生活泼。 ( )‎ 王英是我们班最高的。 ( ) 王英比我们班其他人都高。 ( ) 她的铅笔比我的铅笔长。 ( ) 我和妈妈比爸爸起得早。 ( ) 练一练 有时候，骑自行车比开车快。‎ 周内，很多孩子比父母起得早。‎ 这个问题比那个问题要难很多。‎ 比较级用法 ‎①示两者进行比较时用形容词副词比较级，其结构为“A…+ 比较级 + than + B”，表示“A 超过 B”。‎ The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Haikou in winter. Lily is more serious than me.‎ Li Hua runs faster than me.‎ Zhang Ming works harder than his brother.‎ ‎②表示“A 不如 B”，可以用“A… + less (不如„„)+ 原级 + than ‎+ B”。‎ Linda’s hair is not so/as long as mine. Linda’s hair is shorter than mine.‎ My sister is not so/as outgoing as me. My sister is less outgoing than me.‎ She speaks English less clearly than her sister. I think math is less easy than English.‎ ‎③表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更„„”时，用句型“Which/Who 等 + 动词 + 比较级，A or B?”。‎ Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? Which one is bigger, the moon or the sun? Who did better, Li Ming or Wang Tao?‎ 11‎ 注意 1：为了避免重复，在从句中常用 that, those 等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中 those 代替可数名词复数形式，that 代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。‎ The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Haikou in winter.‎ ‎= The weather in Beijing is colder than the weather in Haikou in winter. The temperature in Beijing is lower than that in Haikou in winter.‎ ‎= the temperature The students in our class are more outgoing than those of class 3.‎ ‎= the students The population of China is larger than that of America.‎ ‎= the population 注意 2：than/as 后面可接名词或代词，若为人称代词时，在口语中多用宾格。‎ Lily is more serious than me/I.‎ John doesn’t work as hard as her/she. My sister is taller than me/I.‎ Her sister is more outgoing than her/she. My good friend is as tall as me/I.‎ His friend does as well in math as he/him.‎ 比较级构成 ‎①一般情况下，直接在词尾加-er 11‎ warm quiet high few ‎ ‎long slow short clear ‎ 11‎ ‎②以字母 e 结尾的，去 e 加-er 11‎ wide ‎ nice ‎ late ‎ ‎fine large brave ‎ 11‎ ‎③重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er 11‎ wet ‎ red ‎ sad ‎ ‎big ‎ hot ‎ thin ‎ 11‎ ‎④以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加-er 11‎ busy funny ‎ 11‎ 11‎ easy ‎ dry ‎ ‎early hungry ‎ 11‎ ‎⑤部分双音节词以及多音节词，在词前加 more(更„„)‎ 11‎ serious ‎ athletic outgoing ‎ ‎talented important careful ‎ 11‎ ‎⑥以动词+ed 或+ing 构成的形容词，在词前加 more(更„„)‎ 11‎ bored boring tired tiring ‎ ‎interested interesting surprised surprising ‎ 11‎ ‎⑦以形容词+ly 构成的副词，在词前加 more(更„„)‎ 11‎ quickly slowly luckily ‎ ‎⑧不规则变化的形容词副词 good & well bad & badly ‎ ‎quietly happily easily ‎ little far ‎ 11‎ many & much old ‎ 练一练 根据变化规则写出下列形容词、副词的比较级形式 11‎ pretty ‎ ‎tall ‎ ‎lucky ‎ 11‎ difficult expensive able ‎ 11‎ happy much young near white quietly ‎ 比较级修饰语 ‎few lazy old slim ‎ exciting ‎ ‎cheap far cool cute dirty ‎ 11‎ Pan Changjiang: ‎1.6m Zhao Benshan: ‎1.75m Yao Ming: ‎‎2.29m Zhao Benshan is taller than Pan Changjiang.‎ Zhao Benshan is a little taller than Pan Changjiang. (高一点)‎ 11‎ Yao Ming is taller than Pan Changjiang.‎ Yao Ming is much taller than Pan Changjiang. (高得多)‎ ‎—I think Harry Potter is interesting.‎ ‎—Well, I think Alice in the Wonderland is far more interesting. (远比)‎ ‎—Oh, I did badly in my English exam.‎ ‎—I did even worse. (甚至)‎ 练一练 1. 这本书比那本贵的多。(翻译)‎ This book is that one.‎ 2. 请更细心一点。(翻译)‎ Please be .‎ 3. People are much more richer than before. (改错)‎ Exercises 一、选择题 ‎( )1. Is Tara’s book more expensive than ?‎ A. he’s B. him C. your’s D. his ( )2. My hair is shorter than _ .‎ A. my sister B. my sister’s C. her D. she ( )3. Lesson One is more interesting Lesson Two.‎ A. as B. than C. like D. in ‎( )4. Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works than her.‎ A. hard B. harder C. the hardest D. hardest ( )5. No one can sing than her.‎ A. well B. good C. better D. best ‎( )6. I like talking with others, but Tina doesn’t. She often reads books in the room. So Tina is than I am.‎ A. funnier B. shier C. wilder D. calm ‎( )7. If you want to be thinner and healthier, you should eat food and take exercise.‎ A. more; few B. more; less C. fewer; more D. less; more ‎( )8. I think you are outgoing than your brother.‎ A. very B. much C. more D. a little B. 11‎ ‎( )9. Jim is taller than I am.‎ A. very B. little C. quite D. much ( )10. Sam is more outgoing than me.‎ A. most B. more C. a little D. little ( )11. I think Tony is than Jack.‎ A. serious B. a little serious C. very more serious D. a little more serious ( )12. I think Alice is quieter than Tina.‎ A. very B. more C. much D. less ( )13. The box is heavier than that one.‎ A. more B. lots of C. little D. much ( )14. The volunteer spoke as _ as she could to make the visitors understand her.‎ A. clearly B. more clearly C. most clearly D. the most clearly ‎( )15. —Many boy students think math is English.‎ ‎—I agree. I’m weak in English.‎ A. much difficult than B. so difficult as C. less difficult than D. more difficult than ( )16. —Who is swimming, you or she?‎ ‎—She is.‎ A. better at B. better in C. good at D. well in ( )17. —Who is , Tom or Mike?‎ ‎—Tom is.‎ A. thin B. thinner C. thiner D. more thin ( )18. Which scarf is , this one or that one?‎ A. well B. good C. better D. best ( )19. This book is that one, but that one.‎ A. as difficult as; expensive B. more difficult as; as expensive C. as difficult as; not so expensive as D. as more difficult as; as expensive as 11‎ ‎( )20. —Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?‎ ‎—Certainly, we can buy one than this, but this.‎ A. a better; better as B. 11‎ A. a worse; as good as B. a cheaper; as good as C. a more important; as good as 二、用括号内词的适当形式填空 21. Her sister’s hair is longer than (she).‎ 22. I am sure that your bag is smaller than (I).‎ 23. This apple is (big) than that one.‎ 24. Lesson 5 is (easy) than lesson 8.‎ 25. Pop music is (popular) than the classical music.‎ 26. Linda is (strong) than me. She plays sports every day.‎ 27. He is (good) at math than me.‎ 28. Please be a little (early) tomorrow.‎ 三、按要求完成句子，每空一词 29. 虽然我比刘梅文静，但我们俩都爱运动。‎ ‎ I’m than Liu Mei, we like sports.‎ 30. Basketball is more popular than football in the USA. (改为同义句) Football is popular as basketball in the USA.‎ 31. This bike is cheaper than that one. (改为同义句)‎ That bike as _ as this one.‎ 32. Tom is tall. Jim is short. (合并句子) Tom is Jim.‎ 33. Jim 比 Tom 友好，因此 Jim 有更多的朋友。‎ Jim is Tom, so Jim has .‎ 34. 这个女孩比那个女孩外向一点。‎ This girl is than that one.‎ 11‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ 比较级概念 判断下列哪些描述属于比较级，在其后括号内打“√” 三班学生比我们班学生活泼。 ( √ )‎ 王英是我们班最高的。 ( ) 王英比我们班其他人都高。 ( √ ) 她的铅笔比我的铅笔长。 ( √ ) 我和妈妈比爸爸起得早。 ( √ ) 练一练 Sometimes, riding a bike is faster than driving a car.‎ On workdays, many children get up earlier than their parents. This question is much more difficult than that one.‎ 比较级构成 ‎①一般情况下，直接在词尾加-er warmer quieter higher fewer longer slower shorter clearer ‎②以字母 e 结尾的，去 e 加-er wider nicer later finer larger braver ‎③重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er wetter redder sadder bigger hotter thinner ‎④以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加-er busier easier drier funnier earlier hungrier ‎⑤部分双音节词以及多音节词，在词前加 more(更„„) more serious more athletic more outgoing more talented more important more careful ‎⑥以动词+ed 或+ing 构成的形容词，在词前加 more(更„„) more bored more boring more tired more tiring more interested more interesting more surprised more surprising ‎⑦以形容词+ly 构成的副词，在词前加 more(更„„)‎ more quickly more slowly more luckily more quietly more happily more easily ‎⑧不规则变化的形容词副词 11‎ better worse more less farther/further older/elder 练一练 11‎ prettier more difficult happier more younger nearer whiter more quietly 比较级修饰语 ‎taller more expensive fewer lazier older/elder slimmer more exciting luckier ‎abler cheaper farther/further cooler cuter dirtier 11‎ much more expensive than a little more careful People are much richer than before.‎ Exercises ‎1-5 DBBBC 6-10 BDCDC ‎11-15 DCDAC ‎16-20 ABCCC ‎21.hers 22.mine ‎23.bigger ‎24.easier ‎25.more popular 26.stronger ‎27.better ‎28.earlier ‎29.Though; quieter; both ‎30.not as ‎31.isn’t; cheap ‎32.taller than ‎33.friendlier than; more friends ‎34.a little more outgoing 11‎