仁爱初二英语下册Review of Units 词句精讲精练 6页

Review of Units 7-8‎ ‎ 词句精讲精练 词汇精讲 ‎ ‎1. hold the food festival ‎ hold 是动词，意为“举行，举办，召开”，常可以用have来替换，过去式和过去分词均为held。例如：‎ ‎ hold a meeting举行会议 ‎ hold a concert举行音乐会 ‎ hold a sports meeting举行运动会 ‎【拓展】hold的其他含义：‎ hold 保持；维持 How long will this fine weather hold? 这样的好天气能维持多久？‎ 抓住；握住；拿住 He held the thief by the arm. 他抓住那个小偷的胳膊。‎ 容纳；包含 Our classroom can hold more than fifty students.我们的教室能容纳50多个学生。‎ 支撑……的重量 The chair can’t hold your weight. 这把椅子不能承受你的重量。‎ 短语 Catc catch hold of抓住； hold on（电话）别挂断；稍等 ‎ ‎2. take part in take part in意为“参加”，常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用。take part in之后接名词或动名词。例如：‎ I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。‎ Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。 【拓展】‎ join是动词，意为“加入”。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。其后常出现club, army, team, group以及人称代词宾格等。例如： join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部 join the army 参军 join us 加入到我们的行列 ‎3. be proud of ‎ proud 是形容词，常用结构：be proud of sth. 意为“以……而骄傲”。例如：‎ ‎ I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪。 ‎ be proud to do sth 意为“为做某事而骄傲”。例如：‎ ‎ We are proud to be a league member. 我们为成为团员而骄傲。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ pride是名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。 常用于结构： take pride in sth. 意为“为某事骄傲”。例如：‎ ‎ They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。 He is the pride of our city. 他是我们城市的骄傲。‎ ‎4. mind ‎ mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、 ‎ ‎ 代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如：‎ ‎ Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？‎ ‎ Don’t mind me.不要管我。‎ ‎【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如：‎ ‎ He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。‎ ‎ Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。‎ ‎5. go shopping ‎ “go+动词-ing形式”表示“去做某事”，常用于从事某一项体育活动或休闲娱乐活动，动名词前面不能用 some或其他表示数量概念的词语修饰，常见的短语有：‎ go bike riding 骑自行车远行 go sightseeing 去观光 go shopping去买东西 go skating去滑冰 go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船 go walking去散步 go climbing去登山 go dancing去跳舞 go hiking 去远足 ‎【拓展】‎ 动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。例如：‎ do some reading阅读 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做饭 ‎ do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说 do some listening多听 ‎6. be made of ‎ be made of 意为“由……制成”。例如：‎ ‎ The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头制成的。‎ 短语 含义 用法 be made of 由……制成 强调由制成品能看出原材料 be made from 强调由制成品一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料 be made in 在（某地）制造 强调物品的产地 ‎ 例如：‎ ‎ These bottles are made of glass.这些瓶子是由玻璃制成的。‎ ‎ Wine is made from grapes. 红酒是葡萄酿的。‎ ‎ This car is made in Tianjin. 这辆车是在天津制造的。‎ ‎7. plan ‎ (1) 作动词，意为“计划，打算”，其现在分词为planning，过去式和过去分词为planned。常用于“plan to do sth.计划干某事”的结构中。例如：‎ They are planning to go hiking this weekend. 他们正在计划本周末远足的事。‎ ‎ (2) 作可数名词，意为“计划，方案”，make a plan意为“制定计划”； plan for意为“……的计划”。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ What are your plans? 你的计划是什么？‎ ‎ Make a plan for study, please. 请制定学习计划。‎ ‎8. not only...but also…‎ ‎(1) not only...but also的意思是“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓 ‎ ‎ 语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。例如：‎ ‎ Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden. 不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。‎ ‎(2) 以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。‎ ‎ Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.‎ ‎ 他不仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。‎ 词汇精练 I. 英汉互译。‎ ‎ 1. get in touch with ________________ 2. 尽最大努力________________‎ ‎ 3. set the table ________________ 4. in order to ________________‎ ‎ 5. 变为现实________________ 6. eat up________________‎ ‎ 7. pick up ________________ 8. not only…but(also)…________________‎ ‎ 9. take off ________________ 10. 依赖；取决于________________‎ II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。‎ ‎1. Let’s try our best to make it a s______________. ‎ ‎2. It’s i______________ to eat with your arms or elbows on the table in America. ‎ ‎3. High marks d_____________ on hard working and more time.‎ ‎4. May I __________(邀请) you to our food festival? ‎ ‎5. The sweater is so expensive that I can a____________. ‎ ‎6. I r____________ to tell you that I cannot come.‎ ‎7. His ________(任务) is to carry water.‎ ‎8. — Which is the most ________ (传统的) festival of China?‎ ‎ — Spring Festival.‎ ‎9. He wants to be a ________ (军人).‎ ‎10. My aunt will come here by plane. And I will meet her at the a________.‎ Ⅲ. 从下面方框中选择所给的单词或词组，根据句意用正确的形式完成句子。‎ sing, read, by oneself, not smoke, hear of, be kind to, be here, good, easy, not do ‎ ‎1. The girl is a good ___________. ‎ ‎2. You’d better ___________ here. ‎ ‎3. My mother ___________ some cooking at 6 o’clock yesterday. ‎ ‎4. This math problem is very simple. I can work it out ________. ‎ ‎5. Mike is __________ than Jim at swimming. ‎ ‎6. She has __________ since 10 o’clock. ‎ ‎7. I _________ the name of the TV play before. ‎ ‎8. We’ll cook and sell delicious international food_________ ‎ ‎9. You often teach me _________ the poor and the old. ‎ ‎10. If you finish ________ the book, you can have a rest.‎ 参考答案 I. 英汉互译。‎ ‎ 1. (与……)取得联系 2. try one’s best 3. 摆放餐具 4. 为了 5. come true ‎ 6. 吃完，吃光 7. 捡起；获得；收拾 8. 不仅……而且…… 9. 脱下（衣服）；摘掉 10.depend on II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。‎ ‎1. success  2. impolite  3. depend 4. invite  5. afford  ‎ ‎6. regret 7. task 8. traditional 9. soldier 10. airport III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. singer 2. not smoke 3. wasn’t doing 4. easily 5. better ‎6. been here 7. have heard of 8. by ourselves 9. to be kind to 10. reading 句式精讲 ‎1. Do you think that the children need to make tea?‎ 这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，从句为陈述句。连词that在此句中无实际意义，在口语或非正式文体 中常常省略。动词（及物动词）、介词和某些形容词后面可跟that引导的宾语从句，较常用的有say, think, know, hope, see, hear, believe, imagine, remember, mean, glad等。例如：‎ ‎    I believe (that) we’ll make a lot of money for Daniel. 我相信我们将为丹尼尔筹许多钱。‎ I’m glad that you have come. 我很高兴你来了。‎ ‎【注意】当主句为一般现在时态时，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用不同的时态。例如：‎ ‎    I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days. 我想他几天后就会好了。‎ ‎    She says (that) someone is waiting for you at the school gate. 她说有人在校门口等你。‎ ‎    Xiao Wang believes I am right. 小王认为我是对的。‎ ‎    We know (that) he took part in the school sports meeting last year. 我们知道他去年参加了校运动会。‎ ‎2. We raised money to help child workers go to school.‎ ‎ help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。此句型也可以说成：help sb. to do sth.。例如：‎ ‎ He helps me to learn English.= He helps me learn English. 他帮助我学习英语。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎(1) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人 例如：‎ My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。‎ ‎(2) help 也可以作名词，作名词时常用于下列短语：‎ with one’s help= with the help of 在……的帮助下 例如：‎ ‎ With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning. = ‎ With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning. ‎ 在Mary的帮助下，我在英语学习方面进步很快。‎ ‎3. Next, you need to put some oil in the pan.‎ ‎ 本句中用了need to do sth. 的结构，need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”。例如：‎ ‎ You need to come here early. 你需要早来这里。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ ‎ (1) need后还可以直接接宾语，即need sb. / sth. 例如：‎ ‎ He needs some help. 他需要些帮助。‎ ‎ I need a new coat.我需要一件新外套。‎ ‎ He didn’t need the money. 他不需要这笔钱。‎ ‎ (2) need作为情态动词的用法：‎ ‎ need作为情态动词使用时，后面接动词原形；常用来回答以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。例如：‎ ‎ She need wash her car now. 她现在要洗车。‎ ‎→Need she wash her car now? (一般疑问句)‎ ‎→She needn’t wash her car now. (否定句)‎ ‎— Must he repair the clock now? 他现在必须修钟吗？‎ ‎— No, he needn’t. He can repair it this afternoon. 不，没必要。他可以今天下午修。‎ ‎4. It’s important for you to help people choose suitable clothing.‎ ‎ It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。例如：‎ ‎ It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。‎ ‎ It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ 这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：‎ ‎ (1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：‎ ‎ It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。‎ ‎ (2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：‎ ‎ It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。‎ ‎5. Helping people choose clothes is important.‎ ‎ 本句的主语是helping people choose clothes。动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。例如：‎ ‎ Swimming is good for our health. 游泳对我们的健康有益。‎ ‎ Learning English is very important. 学英语是很重要的。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，但在用法上有区别：‎ ‎ (1) 不定式作主语通常表示一次性、未来的且具体的特指动作，而动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、经常性和不具体的泛指动作。例如：‎ ‎ Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old. ‎ 步行对年轻人和老年人来说都是一种好的锻炼形式。‎ To carry the heavy box is not easy for the boy. 对这个男孩来说，搬这个箱子是不容易的。‎ ‎ (2) 动名词作主语和不定式作主语有时可以互换。例如：‎ ‎ Playing with fire is dangerous. = To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。‎ ‎【注意】动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，即: It is + adj. + （for/ of sb）to do sth. ‎ 句式精练 I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎ 1. 在法国，就餐时吸烟是不礼貌的。 ‎ ‎ It’s impolite___________ ___________during a meal in France. ‎ ‎ 2.学好英语对我们来说很重要。 ‎ ‎ It’s important ___________ ___________ ___________ learn English well. ‎ ‎ 3. 这辆车在出售吗？我想买。‎ ‎ Is this car ___________ ___________? I want to buy it. ‎ ‎ 4. 你能想象他5岁的时候就会骑自行车吗？‎ ‎ Can you i___________ he could ___________ a bike when he was 5 years old?‎ ‎ 5. 这本书值得读几遍。‎ ‎ The book is ___________ ___________ for several times.‎ ‎ 6. 我没有参加昨天的会议，因为我病了。‎ ‎ I didn’t ___________ ___________ ___________ the meeting because I was ill.‎ ‎ 7. 不仅我哥哥而且我也喜欢看电视剧。‎ ‎ ___________ ___________ my brother ___________ ___________ I like watching TV plays.‎ ‎ 8. 她周末帮妈妈做家务。‎ ‎ She ___________ her mother ___________ the housework at the weekend.‎ ‎ 9. 这块布是由棉花做的。‎ ‎ The cloth ___________ ___________ ___________ cotton.‎ ‎ 10. 他们为成为教师的儿子而感到自豪。 They___________ ___________ ___________ their son who is now a teacher. ‎ II. 句型转换，每空一词。‎ ‎1. They saw some birds in the tree.（改为否定句）‎ They___________ see ___________ birds in the tree. ‎ ‎2. Would you mind opening the window?（改为否定句）‎ Would you mind ___________ ___________ the window?‎ ‎3. They are working very hard.（改为感叹句）‎ ‎ ___________ ___________ they are working!‎ ‎4. Jim seemed very happy.（改为同义句）‎ It ___________ that Jim ___________ very happy. ‎ ‎5. He does his homework every day.（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎ ___________ ___________does he do his homework?‎ ‎6. Could you tell me? Where are the special shoes?（合并成一句）‎ Could you tell me ___________ the special shoes ___________?‎ ‎7. Jim works hard at school.（改为否定句）‎ Jim___________ ___________ hard at school. ‎ ‎8. I’d like to wear my own clothes.（改为一般疑问句）‎ ‎___________ you like to wear ___________ own clothes?‎ ‎9. What’s the matter with you?（改为同义句）‎ What’s___________ ___________ you?‎ ‎10. They are made of cotton.（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎ ___________ are they made ___________?‎ III. 补全对话。‎ 通读下面的对话，然后根据上下文补全对话内容。‎ A: Hello, Bob. I called you yesterday afternoon, but there was no reply.‎ B: Sorry, I didn’t take my phone with me.‎ A: 1._____________________________________?‎ B: I was in a bookstore.‎ A: 2. _____________________________________?‎ B: I was choosing some books.‎ A: 3. _____________________________________?‎ B: Yes, I did. I bought some books about folk stories.‎ A: Folk stories? I like them very much. 4. _______________________________________?‎ B: Yes. You can borrow one or two from me. But why not buy some for yourself? I can go with you to the bookstore.‎ A: Good idea. Thank you very much.‎ B: 5._____________________________________.‎ 参考答案 I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. to smoke 2. for us to 3. for sale 4. imagine; ride 5. worth reading ‎ ‎6. take part in 7. Not only; but also 8. helps; do/with 9. is made from 10. take pride in/are proud of II. 句型转换，每空一词。‎ ‎1. didn’t, any 2. not opening 3. How hard 4. seemed, was 5. How often 6. where, are 7. doesn’t work ‎ ‎8. Would, your 9. wrong with 10. What, of III. 补全对话。‎ ‎1．Where were you ‎ ‎2．What were you doing ‎ ‎3．Did you buy any books ‎ ‎4．Can/Could I borrow some from you/Can you lend some to me ‎ ‎5．You’re welcome