北师版初二下英语Unit6语法篇 教师版 10页

Unit 6 语法篇 ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。‎ 直接引语变间接引语 ‎（一）人称: “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. ‎ ‎“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如: He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。‎ ‎ “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 ‎ ‎（二）时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。‎ 如: 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen ‎ ‎2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. ‎ ‎(1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时 ‎ ‎(2) 现在进行时变为过去进行时 ‎ ‎(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时 ‎ ‎(4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时 ‎ ‎(5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时 ‎(6) 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。‎ ‎ ①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ‎ ‎②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如: Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ‎ ‎③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。‎ ‎④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如: He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。‎ ‎ ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如: Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。 ‎ ‎（三）如何变状语: 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that),如: He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his. 指示代词 this……these these……those 表示时间的词 now……then today……that day this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc) yesterday……the day before last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow……the next (following ) day next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词 here……there 动词 bring……take come……go ‎ ‎（四）句型: ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ‎ ‎②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ‎ ‎③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner. ‎ ‎④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如: "Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. ‎ ‎⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如: He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.‎ ‎1.--- When are the Shutes leaving for New York?‎ ‎--- Pardon?‎ ‎--- I asked ______________________________________.‎ A．when are the Shutes leaving for New York B．when the Shutes are leaving for New York C．when were the Shutes leaving for New York D．when the Shutes were leaving for New York ‎2.. He asked me, "How long will it take to go there by plane?"‎ He asked me ______________________________________.‎ A．how long it would take to go there by plane B．how long will it take to go there by plane C．how long would it take to go there by plane D．how long it will take to go there by plane ‎ 3.He asked her, "When are you going to Shanghai?"‎ He asked her___________________________________ .‎ A．when is she going to Shanghai B．when she is going to Shanghai C．when she was going to Shanghai D．when was she going to Shanghai ‎ 4.Mike asked me, "When will their plane land?"‎ Mike asked me _______________________________.‎ A．when their plane will land B．when will their plane land C．when their plane would land D．when would their plane land ‎ 5. He asked, "Are you a Party member or a League member?"‎ He asked me ______a Party member or a League member.‎ A．am I B．if I was C. was I D．whether was I ‎ 解析：‎ 1. 主句用一般过去时,所以从句的时态必须是过去的相应时态,宾语从句用陈述语序。故选D 2. 本句里直接引语是特殊疑问句,引导词用原句里的how long, 疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,一般将来时改为过去将来时,故答案为A.‎ 3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时要用陈述句的语序,人称和时态也要作相应的变化。故选C 4. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语里还是用疑问词引导,语序应改为陈述语序,人称和时态都应作相应的变化。故选C 5. 题意:他问我是一名党员还是一名团员。宾语从句是由一个一般疑问句式的直接引语变化而来的。主句为一般过去时,宾语从句也应用过去时态,且宾语从句应用陈述语序。一般疑问句变为间接引语时,应用if或whether引导宾语从句,故选B.‎ 基础演练 一 单选 ‎1. He asked her, "Where are you going?"‎ He asked her ____________________________.‎ A．where she is going to B．where she was going to C．where she was going D．where she is going ‎2 “Who told you about it?” he asked her.‎ He asked her ____________________about it.‎ A．that who told you B．who told her C．who had told her D．who had told you ‎3 --- Has Li Hong gone to the library?‎ ‎--- Pardon?‎ ‎--- I asked ____________________the library.‎ A．if Li Hong had gone to B．if had Li Hong gone to C．Li Hong had gone to D．has Li Hong gone to ‎4 The teacher asked, "Are you waiting for the bus?"‎ The teacher asked __________________for the bus.‎ A．I was waiting B．was I waiting C．you are waiting D．if I was waiting ‎5 He asked me, “Did you see my sister last night?”‎ ‎ He asked me ____________________________.‎ A．if I had seen his sister the night before B．whether I had seen your sister the night before C．did I have seen his sister the night before D．that I saw his sister the night before ‎6 “Do you like English or Chinese?” she asked.‎ She asked __________________English or Chinese.‎ A．if do I like B．whether I liked C．if did I liked D．whether did I liked ‎7 He asked me, “Did you go to my sister's party last night?” (变为间接引语)‎ ‎ He asked me __________________________________.‎ A．if I had gone to his sister's party the night before B．whether I had gone to your sister's party the night before C．did I go to his sister's party the night before D．that I went to his sister's party the night before ‎8 --- He asked Tom, “Have you finished your homework?”‎ ‎--- He asked Tom _____________________________ .‎ A．if had he finished his homework B．whether he had finished his homework C．if he has finished his homework D．if you had finished your homework ‎9 He asked, "Are you a teacher or a student?"‎ He asked ___________________________.‎ A．whether I was a teacher or a student B．if I was a teacher or a student C．whether you were a teacher or a student D．if you were a teacher or a student ‎10 "Is there anyone here?" he asked.‎ He asked _______________‎ A．whether there was anyone here or not B．if was there anyone there C．if there was anyone there D．if was there anyone here 答案：1-5 CCADA 6-10 BABAC 二、用单词正确形式填空 ‎1.I won't return the book to the library because I _______ (not finish) reading it. 2. As soon as he saw me, he _______ to speak to me. (stop) 3. I hope he _______ (come) back in a week. 4. It _______ (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning. 5. The old man told the children _______ (not walk) in the rice fields. 6. He told me he _______ (help) her with her maths the next evening. 7 .She said they _______ (know) each other for quite some time. 8 .If it _______ (not rain) tomorrow, we _______ (visit) the Pople's Museum. 9. John _______ (write) something when I _______ (go) to see him. 10. Our teacher told us that light _______ (travel) much faster than sound.‎ 答案：1、haven't finished 2、stopped3、will come 4、was raining5、not to walk 6、would help 7、had known 8、doesn't rain, will visit 9、was writing, went 10、travels 巩固提高 把下列句子直接引语变间接引语 ‎1 "Why do you stay at home?" My father asked. (把直接引语改为间接引语)‎ My father asked ___________I _____________at home.‎ ‎2 “When do you have your art lesson?” Mum asked me. (把直接引语改为间接引语)‎ Mum asked me _____________________________art lessons.‎ ‎3 She asked me, "Do you know when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center?" (把直接引语变为间接引语)‎ She asked me _________I___________ when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center.‎ ‎4 "Jack, can you help with the dinner?" Jack's mother asked. (把直接引语改成间接引语)‎ Jack was asked ________he ____________________help with the dinner.‎ ‎5 The doctor asked him , "Are you feeling better today?" (把直接引语变为间接引语)‎ The doctor said to him ______he _________feeling better______________.‎ ‎6 “Are you doing your homework?” Tom asked me.‎ ‎ Tom wanted to know _________________________‎ ‎7 “Why do you like this book?” said Sara.‎ ‎ Sara asked me___________________________‎ ‎8 “What does your father do?”he asked ‎ He asked ___________________________‎ ‎9 “Where is the post office?” asked Tina.‎ Tina asked me ________________________‎ ‎10 “When can you go to play basketball with me?”he asked ‎ He wanted to know __________________________________‎ 答案：1 why，stayed 2 when I had my 3if/whether; knew 4if/whether; could 5if; was; that day ‎ 6 if/whether I was doing my homework 7 why I liked this book ‎ ‎8 what my father did 9 where the post office was 10 when I could go to play basketball with him ‎1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．‎ A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If ‎2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．‎ ‎ A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he'll come ‎3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？‎ ‎ A．what B．how C．whether D．where ‎4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？‎ A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended ‎5．I want to know _________ ． ‎ A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after ‎6．Do you know where _________ now？‎ A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live ‎7．Do you know what time _________ ？‎ A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves ‎8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？‎ A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are ‎9．The small children don't know _________ ．‎ A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings ‎10．I can't understand _________ ． ‎ A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means 答案：1-5 DDDCD 6-10 ADDBD 二、完型: 2019年密云一中初三第三次月考考试 ‎ Wang Ling, a middle school girl, felt angry with her parents after getting a boy's phone call. “A classmate called me to discuss homework. We talked 1 just a few minutes before my parents got mad,” said the girl. “They asked whether I liked the boy. I said I didn't, 2 they wouldn't believe me.”‎ Wang's trouble is not strange at all because puppy love (早恋) becomes a big headache for 3 parents and schools. They worry that puppy love will be bad for 4. Her school makes it a rule not to allow any talk or any physical contact (身体接触) 5 one boy and one girl alone.‎ Many students say they understand 6 parents and teachers are so nervous about puppy love. But some think they are going too far. “We have our own thoughts and we know what to7 with it,” said Wang Ling.‎ Another girl, Jiang Ting, liked making friends with boys. “Boys and girls can learn from each other,” she said. “My mother asks me to study hard. However, she 8 stops me from making friends with boys.” Once Jiang told her mother she might fall in love with a boy. Her mother let Jiang make 9 own decision. Soon Jiang found that she didn't like him any more because the boy was not as 10 as what she had thought before. And she did worse and worse in her subjects because she spent much on it. At last she understood the worry from schools and most parents about puppy love.‎ ‎1 A．for B．in C．with D．to ‎2 A．because B．if C．but D．and ‎3 A．both B．none C．either D．neither ‎4 A．game B．study C．match D．housework ‎5 A．during B．between C．around D．about ‎6 A．how B．what C．who D．why ‎7 A．play B．live C．do D．fill ‎8 A．never B．already C．ever D．just ‎9 A．its B．my C．his D．her ‎10 A．good B．bad C．heavy D．thin 答案：1-5ACABB 6-10DCADA ‎_________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________‎ A Dear Mr. Zhu,‎ I am writing to your magazine's "Teenagers Now" column(专栏) to ask for some help with my 16-year-old son. At the moment, he refuses to do almost everything his mother and I ask him to do. He is our only child and we treat him very well. His grandparents buy him many things, and yet he is still rude to us. He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him. Sometimes he acts as if he doesn't even love us at all.‎ Now he refuses to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music. I cannot understand this music, but I don't like it. He also spends too much time in Internet cafes, where he either plays games or chats online. He is wasting valuable time during this important period in his life!‎ What am I to do? At present, to prevent making his mother unhappy with an argument, I am allowing him his freedom. However, I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse.‎ How can I help my son without harming our relationship?Yours,‎ Liu Zhenhua ‎1 What's Mr. Zhu's job?‎ A．A teacher. B．A magazine columnist. C．A youth worker.D．A doctor.‎ ‎2 From the passage, we can know that Mr. Liu's son is to his parents.‎ A．friendly B．thankful C．polite D．rude ‎3 What does Liu Zhenhua write to Mr. Zhu for?‎ A．To blame his son. B．To ask for help with his son .‎ C．To say something about his son. D．To complain to him about his son.‎ ‎4. Mr. Liu's son always spends his time .‎ A．doing his homework B．playing games online ‎ C．chatting with his parents D．doing everything his parents ask him to do ‎5. What do you think is the possible answer for the father?‎ A．The father should let the son alone.‎ B．The father should give his son a beating.‎ C．The father should allow his son his freedom.‎ D．The father should be patient enough to have a communication with the son.‎ B When I was a teenager, I volunteered to work at the water station(供水站) at a 10,000-meter race. My job was to pass out water to the runners. I was so excited to see all the people who passed by and gave everyone a cup of water. I thought maybe I could do it, too! I was inspired(鼓舞) and decided to take part in the race the next year.‎ The race was coming. It was quite a long and difficult experience. I ran at the beginning of the race. I walked when I felt tired. I realized it was hard for me. I didn't know if I could finish the race. When I almost wanted to give it up, a 70-year-old man ran past me, very fast. Suddenly, I felt embarrassed as I was only 20 years old. I felt defeated at that moment. I couldn't stand it. I ran much faster in order to run past the old man. I was sure I could make it. To my surprise, the old man had crossed the finishing line. I couldn't believe such a thing happened to me. I kept running. Finally I reached the finishing line. I was also proud of myself.‎ I learned something about myself from this experience. He was running his own race and I was ‎ running mine. He had his own dream for his life. I had mine. In life we all have those moments when we compare ourselves to others. It's a natural thing. Sometimes you should turn your embarrassment into inspiration and try to improve your result to achieve anything you want in life.‎ ‎6 Why did the author take part in the race?‎ A．Because he didn't like the volunteer work B．Because he was really interested in running C．Because the people who took part in the race inspired him D．Because he wanted to prove(证明) that he was the best ‎7 The author felt embarrassed when he .‎ A．found racing was uninteresting B．fell behind the old man C．didn't know if he could finish D．crossed the finishing line ‎8What is the Chinese meaning for the underlined word “finishing line”?‎ A．完成B．线条 C．到达 D．终点线 ‎9 The author felt at his race result.‎ A．sad B．embarrassed C．happy D．angry ‎10. According to the article, if you find you are not as good as others, you should .‎ A．try to encourage yourself B．laugh at others C．fight with others D．talk to your parents C Hi! My name's Wang Mang. I'm fifteen years old, and I'm a Grade 3 student in Shangjing in the year 2053!‎ I expect you find that pretty hard to believe. Let me explain. This book is a journal I wrote last month for a very special competition. I won the first prize, which was that my book would become part of the first ever experiment in time travel. It would be put in a time capsule to be sent back almost fifty years into the past. So, if everything went according to the plan, you should be reading this in about the year 2019.‎ Do you know what time capsules are? They are usually containers made of some very strong material-so strong that it should last for hundreds or thousands of years without being destroyed. Inside these containers, you put things that are typical of the place in which you live. For example, in 2019 you might put a copy of a popular comic, a CD by a famous musician, videos of television programmes---all sorts of things. The idea is that when people in another century open up the time capsule. They'll be able to see what life was like in the past.‎ Until now, all time capsules have been left for people in the future to find. This one is the first that has been sent from the future to the past. I don't understand how it's going to be done, but I think it's a really ‎ cool idea. If it works, my own grandparents will be able to read this when they were secondary school students! But if my grandparents did read this, why haven't they ever mentioned it to me?‎ ‎11If we believe what the passage says, this book was written .‎ A．last month B．about fifty years ago C．in the future D．by a time traveler ‎12 Time capsules are usually .‎ A．hundreds or thousands of years old B．made by people in another century C．sent back in time to people in the past D．containers holding objects typical of a certain time and place ‎13 The main purpose of most time capsules is to .‎ A．show people in the past what life will be like in the future B．show people in the future what life was like in the past C．keep copies of old comics or CDs D．store recording of old television programmes ‎14 The last sentence shows that Wang Mang finds the idea of time travel .‎ A．confusing B．exciting C．uninteresting D．cool 答案：A：BDBBD B:CBDCA C: CDBA