人教新目标九年级英语上Unit3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes 8页

Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes 教学目标（Language Goal）   1. 能够谈论允许和不允许做的事情   2. 能够谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情   3. 能够针对被允许和不被允许做的事情发表自己的观点（同意或者不同意）   4. 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由     目标语言（Target Language）   1. I think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive     我认为应该允许16岁的孩子开车。   2. I disagree . I think sixteen is too young.     我不同意，我认为16岁这个年纪太年轻了。   3. Do you think thirteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs ?     你认为应该允许13岁的孩子们做兼职工作吗？   4. No , I don’t . 不，我认为不应该。   5. Anna is allowed to wear her own clothes.     安娜可以选择自己的衣服。   6. They are not serious enough at that age.     那个年龄的他们不够稳重。   7. －What rules do you have at home ?     你家有什么规定吗？     －Well , I’m not allowed to go out on school nights.     噢，我在周一至周五不能外出。     词汇和短语（Vocabulary and expressions）     allow 允许            drive 架车            pierce [pi s]刺穿     license 执照          driver司机            silly愚蠢的、傻的     earring 耳环          concentrate集中    volunteer自愿、志愿者     Local地方的         perform表演         primary初级的     go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去     part-time jobs 兼职工作     driver’s license 驾驶执照     get their ears pierced 穿耳孔     choose one’s own clothes 选自己的衣服     sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子     seem to 好像                         at that age 在那个年龄     so do we 我们也一样          get to class late . 上课迟到     fail a test 考试不及格          be strict with 对…要求严格     the other day 前几天           get to doing sth 着手做某事     look smart 看起来整洁        concentrate on 关注…     be a good way to do 是…的好方法     It’s a good idea for sb to do 是…的好主意     get noisy 变得嘈杂     at present 目前 ‎ ‎    have an opportunity to do sth .     有做…的机会     be a good experience for sb. 对…来说是很有意义的经历     take time to do things 花费时间做事情     old people’s home 敬老院     be sleepy 睏    after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后     have Friday afternoons off 周五放假     语法内容： 一. 被动语态   1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单 元中反复出现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should）的被动语态。     先看几个基本概念     主语是动作的发出者为主动语态     主语是动作的接受者为被动语态     只有及物动词才有被动语态。   2. 被动语态的构成     （1）请大家看图     The office is cleaned every day .     The office was cleaned yesterday.     Compare active and passive：     动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：     一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词     一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词     如：Butter is made from milk.     This house was built 100 years ago.     以前我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态     born是个过去分词（bear）     －When were you born ? －I was born in 1989.     如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接by ~ ，译为“被（由）…”     如：We were woken up by a loud noise .     我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。     （2）请看图          从上面例子，我们可以看出，现在进行时被动语态的构成为     主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词     再如：     My car is being repaired now.     Some new houses are being built near the park.     公园附近在建一些房子。 ‎ ‎    （3）请看图           BEFORE         NOW     从上面例子，我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为     主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词     如：     My key has been stolen.     My keys have been stolen.     I am not going to the party , I haven’t been invited.     含有情态动词的被动语态     情态动词＋be＋过去分词     A note had better be left to him.     Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes     这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？     一般将来时  主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词     过去将来时  主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词     过去进行时  主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词     过去完成时  主语＋had + been +过去分词     被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不 变。     归纳：     肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋（by ~）     否定句：主语＋be not ＋过去分词＋（by ~）     一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋（by ~）?     特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋（by ~）   3. 被动语态的用法：     （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语     Such books are written for children.     这些书是为儿童写的。     I haven’t been told about it .     没有人告诉我这件事     （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。     The cup was broken by David.     （3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型     It’s / was said / believed / reported / + that …     It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.     据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。   4. 主动语态变为被动语态     把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：     （1）把原句中的宾语变为主语 ‎ ‎    （2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词     （3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。     注意事项：     主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项     从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。     注意主格与宾格的变化形式。     注意主语的人称及数的变化对be动词带来的影响。     注意be动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。   5. 被动语态的几种类型     （1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）     常见的接双宾语的动词有     通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语；和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。     如：He gave me a book.     －I was given a book by him. （以I做主语）     －A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语）     He teaches us English.     －We are taught English by him. （以人当主语）     －English is taught us by him. （以物作主语）     （2）含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态     keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。     We keep food fresh in the fridge.     主  谓  宾  宾补     －Food is kept fresh in the fridge.     I saw him go into the office building.     －He was seen to go into the office building.     英语中有“十大动词”的说法，即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch ,   see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.     （3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态     不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动 词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构 成短语动词的介词或副词     They take good care of my child.     －My child is taken good care of     他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。     I turned off the radio.     －The radio was turned off （by me）     附：动词短语的被动语态     take care of －be taken care of     cut down －be cut down     laugh at －be laughed at     look after－be looked after ‎ ‎    下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－by     be covered with …用…覆盖着     be interested in …对…感兴趣     be surprised at …对…感到惊奇     be made of （from）用…制造的     （4）由情态动词形成的被动语态     含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上be动词即可，其句型如下：     肯定句：主语＋情态动词（can , may , must）+be+ 过去分词…     否定句：主语＋情态动词＋not + be + 过去分词…     疑问句：情态动词（Can , May , Must ）＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋….     如：We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet .     －Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.     Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗？     －Can it be used ?   6. 不能用于被动语态的几种情况     （1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时，不能改为被动语态。          他在镜中看见了自己的模样。     We often help each other.     我们常常互相帮助。     （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to …）     如：     I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。     I will have a meeting.     不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held . 二. 重点、难点：   1. the other day     我们还可以说the other day , morning , week , month.     不久前的一天，一个上午、一个星期、一个月等     I saw him in London the other day.     我最近有一天在伦敦见过他。   2. get to 着手做某事     … and I got to talking about the rules …          He got to doing the homework after supper.   3. concentrate on sth . 专注于某事（做某件事而不做其他事）     He decided to concentrate on English because he just failed the exam.     他决心专攻英语因为他刚刚考试不及格。     This company concentrate on the Chinese market.     这家公司把重点集中在中国市场。   4. be good for 对…有好处  有益于（…that is good for studying …）     This kind of food is good for me.     这种食物对我身体有益 ‎ ‎    Sunshine is good for plants.     阳光对植物有益。   5. It’s a good idea for sb to do sth. 做…对…来说是个好主意（It’s also probably a good     idea for parents to allow …）     It’s a good idea for us to travel to the south.   6. get noisy 变得嘈杂（I know we got noisy sometimes , …）     noise －noisy        7. learn from 向…学习，从…中学习     … but we learn a lot from each other.     We should learn from our mistakes.     我们应从错误中学习。   8. at present . （At present they’re too short. ）     at present 此刻、现在＝at this time , now     I can’t help you at present －－I’m too busy     我现在帮不了你－－实在太忙了。   9. … have an opportunity to do sth     有做…的机会     have no opportunity to do 没机会做…     I hope to …… have an opportunity to go to the States.     I have no opportunity to have a talk with her     I     注意：文中在谈论将来时，用了一些动词过去式和would + 动原的形式     这是虚拟语气。表示对将来的一种假设。     本单元其他句型结构：   1. sixteen-year-olds十六岁的青少年     它相当于一个名词  相当于sixteen -year- old kids.     “一个16岁青少年的表达方式”     a kid sixteen years old     a kid of sixteen     a kid of sixteen years old.     a sixteen-year-old kid   2. stop doing     He should stop wearing that silly earrings.     （Section A ‎2a）     停止做某事     We two stopped talking.     我们俩个停止了谈话。   3. 主＋seem to do sth . 好像     His temperature seems to be all right.     他的体温好像完全正常。     seem其他用法 ‎ ‎    （1）seem+形容词     The question seems quite easy.     那个问题好像很容易。     （2）seem+名词     That seems a good idea.     那好像是个好主意。     （3）It seems + that 从句     It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter.     看来没有人知道这件事。   4. So do we （Section A ‎3a）     So do we 为倒装句，其结构是So + be 动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，在时态上应和上一句保持一 致。应翻译为“我们也是这样”用英文解释是：     We have a lot of rules at my house , too.   5. on school nights , on Friday nights , on Saturday afternoons.     我们在说某个具体的，特定的早晨、下午、晚上时应用on.   6. be strict with 对…要求非常严格     She’s very strict with her children.     她待子女很严。   7. old people’s home 敬老院     以前我们曾学过old folk’s home   8. take time to do things 花费时间做事情。     take在这里为“花费”的意思。     类似的词组有：     It takes sb some time to do sth .     it为形式主语     花…时间做某事     It took me 2 hours to finish the homework.   9. be a great experience for sb.     对…来说是一次很棒的经历。   10. volunteer     （1）n. 志愿者     volunteer groups 志愿小组     volunteers to run Christmas show.     自愿操办、圣诞节表演的人。     （2）v. 自愿或无偿地给予或提供（帮助、建议）     Tim’s busy but I’ll come , he volunteered.     蒂姆很忙，我来吧，他主动说道。   11. sleepy想睡的（a. ）     Are you sleepy ? 你睏吗？     asleep 睡着的、熟睡的     He waits until the children are asleep.     他一直等到孩子们睡着了。     词组fall asleep 入睡     He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.     他刚要入睡，就有人大声敲门。‎