人教初三unit 现在完成时学案 27页

‎ 个性化学案 ‎【人教版初三】unit 1 现在完成时 适用学科 初中英语 适用年级 初三 适用区域 全国 课时时长（分钟）‎ ‎60分钟 知识点 现在完成时 ‎ 学习目标 知识目标：使学生学会现在完成时时的构成和使用，尤其是对于时间状语 ‎ 的掌握，为以后学习宾语从句和定语从句做好时态基础。 ‎ 能力目标：让学生能够运用所学习的知识去应用到其他同类知识的学习中 情感目标：书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！机会永远只属于准备好了 ‎ 的人！‎ 学习重点 动词分词的构成和使用 现在完成时时间状语的掌握 学习难点 一般过去式和现在完成时的区别 ‎ 个性化学案 学习过程 ‎ 一、复习预习 ‎ ‎ It was 1 o’clock in the afternoon. Tom and Sally were going home 2 school.‎ ‎ It was 3 heavily. On the way, Sally suddenly said to Tom, “Look! There was an old 4 standing under the 5 . She has not got an 6 .‎ ‎ The woman had a bag in her 7 . She looked worried. She was waiting for the bus to come. Then Tom and Sally went to 8 her. They said to the woman, “Don’t worry, we shall take you home.” The old woman was very 9 and said, “It’s very 10 of you, my good children.”‎ ‎ At last the two children took the granny home. They were all very happy.‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎【答案】1. five/5 2. from 3. raining 4. woman 5. tree ‎ 6. umbrella 7. hand 8. help 9. happy 10. kind ‎【解析】‎ ‎1. five/5。 由图片可知汤姆和莎莉回家的时间是下午五点。‎ ‎2. from。 go home from school“放学回家 ”‎ ‎3. raining。 由图片可知雨正下得非常大。‎ ‎4. woman。 由图片可知有一位老太太正站在树的下面。‎ ‎5. tree。 由图片可知老太太是在树的下面，故填tree.‎ ‎6. umbrella。 由图片可知老太在树下避雨是因为没有带伞。‎ ‎7. hand。 由图片可知老太太手里面有一包。‎ ‎8. help。 由图片可知汤姆和莎莉跑过去帮助老太太。‎ ‎9. happy。 由图片可知老太太用该很高兴有人帮助她。‎ ‎10. kind。 由图片可知老太太应该对汤姆和莎莉的帮助表示感谢。It is kind of you.“你们真好”.‎ ‎ 二、知识讲解 1. 本单元知识概括 ‎ 重点单词 textbook, conversation, aloud , pronunciation , sentence, ‎ ‎ patient , expression , discover , secret , repeat , secret , ‎ ‎ grammar , note , physics , chemistry , pronounce, increase ,‎ ‎ Born , brain , create , active , attention , connect , wisely ‎ 重点短语 learn … From，have a hard life， in detail ，give…support to，in a proper place ‎ take photos ，with the help of ，study abroad ， make progress ，thanks to ‎ have been to ， have gone to ‎ 核心句型 how do you study for a test?‎ ‎ I study by working with a group.‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ It’s too hard to understand the spoken English.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 交际用语 how you ever studied with a group?‎ ‎ That’s sounds difficult.‎ ‎ Well, be patient , it takes times .‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 语法结构 by 引导的方式状语 ‎ 主题功能 talk about how to study ‎ ‎2 现 在 完 成 时 ‎1.构成       现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。 ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎2.用法        （1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、 already、yet 等副词修饰。如：         -Have you had lunch yet?     -Yes,I have. I've just had it.          你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）        （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。    　　如：He has taught here since 1981                他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）                I have't seen her for four years.                我有四年没见到她了。         （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。         如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。‎ ‎ 3.现在完成时的时间状语        （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。         a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。             They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。         b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 ‎ ‎ 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？          -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。         c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。 　　　例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.  我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 　　　        He has been there three times the last few days.  近几年他去过那里三次了。 ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎        d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.  今天你见过他吗？我 没有。  How many times have you been there this year?  今年你去过那里多少次？‎ ‎        （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.  但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。‎ ‎ ‎ 考点/易错点1‎ ‎ 非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎        arrive→be here                    begin(start)→be on         die    →be dead                    come back→be back         leave →be away                    fall ill(sick,asleep)→be         get up→be up                       go out     →be out         finish →be over                     put on    →wear 或be on         open  →be open                    join  →be in或 be a member of…‎ ‎  close  →be closed                go to school→be a student         borrow  →keep                      buy    →have                      catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)   get to know →know         begin to study→study             come to work→work等 ‎ ill(sick,asleep) ‎ 如： He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。         His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。         The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。         We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 考点/易错点2‎ ‎ 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 　　现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：        I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）        I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）‎ ‎ 个性化学案 考点/易错点3‎ ‎ 个性化学案 几点注意事项        （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。         （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。 　　　如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。         （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。      如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。‎ ‎ have been(to)：表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称 ‎ have gone( to)：表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称 ‎ have been(in)：表示 “去过某地（并呆了一段时间）”，可用于个人称 ‎ ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 三、例题精析 ‎ 【例题1】‎ ‎ 【题干】－Where is John?‎ ‎ －He ______ the science lab.‎ A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态及动词的用法。根据句意：他已经去了科学实验室，表示动作已发生，用现在完成时，A项表示去了某地，即：人没在这儿；B项表示曾经去过某地，人又回来了。‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 个性化学案 ‎【例题2】‎ ‎ 【题干】 I ______my　hometown for a long time, I really miss it!‎ A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词时态。由for a long time可判定该句为现在完成时。排除A和B；leave为短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用;排除C；状语for a long time表示一段时间，应该与延续性动词或表状态的词连用，故选D。‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 个性化学案 ‎【例题3】‎ ‎ 【题干】 Our country ______the sixth population census(人口普查) already.‎ A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查点：考察时态。解题思路：already表示“已经”是完成时态标志词。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 个性化学案 四、课堂运用 ‎【基础】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. －Where is John?‎ ‎－He ______ the science lab.‎ A. ‎ has gone to B. has been to C. went to ‎ ‎2. I ______my　hometown for a long time, I really miss it!‎ A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from ‎3. Our country ______the sixth population census(人口普查) already.‎ A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. Finishes ‎4. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2010. She _________ there for four years.‎ A. works B. worked C. has worked ‎5. Mr. Fan ___ this watch in 2005. he ____ it for 6 years. ‎ A .bought, has had B. bought, has C. has bought, has had D. has bought, had ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 【巩固】‎ ‎1. —Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba? ‎ ‎—No, they ____ to Shanghai.‎ A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. have moved ‎ ‎2. Mr. Smith works with a mobile phone company, but he _____________ for this international meeting, since he is on holiday. ‎ A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked ‎3.—May I speak to Mary?‎ ‎ —Sorry, she isn’t in. She to Japan and will come back in two weeks.‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ A. has been B. has gone C. is going ‎4. They _____ England and they will be back next week.‎ ‎ A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on ‎5. - Jim isn’t in the classroom. Where is he？‎ ‎    - He _____ to the teacher’s office.‎ A. will go B. has gone C. had gone D. is going ‎ 【拔高】‎ ‎1. - Where is my sister, mum?‎ ‎ - She ______ to the library. She will be back soon. ‎ ‎ 个性化学案 A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go ‎2. Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he us English.‎ A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach ‎3. —China develops so fast. ‎ ‎—That’s true. It ______ a lot already. ‎ A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed ‎ ‎4. -Where's your father, Tom? -He__ to Changsha.‎ A. goes B. went C. has gone ‎5. ---- Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina?‎ ‎ ---- Because I it twice.‎ A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 课程小结 ‎ 本节课讲解的重点是动词的现在完成时，相对来说，这个时态是初中阶段里较难掌握，尤其是和过去式放在一起的时候，学生很容易犯糊涂，由于时间状语记忆的不牢固和对概念理解的不准确性，使得学生在做这类题的时候，找不到正确答案。同时，学生往往会忽略那些（1）一些不能用于完成时的动词就是说学生区别不了系动词和瞬间动词及状态动词和延续性动词（2）一些不规则的动词的分词形式很多学生容易写错。而在中考中这属于常考知识点，所以学生要多花心思来记忆和学习。‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 课后作业 ‎【基础】‎ ‎1. She _______ this book for nearly three weeks.‎ ‎ A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept ‎2. What’s the best present you have ever ________?‎ ‎ A. received B. receives C. Receiving ‎3. "Where's your brother, Jane?" "He's not in Guiyang these days. He________ Beijing.'‎ A. has gone to B. has been to C. had been to ‎4. So far this year, many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.‎ ‎ A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built ‎5. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.‎ ‎ A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 【巩固】‎ ‎ 1. — Are you going to the bank, Laura?‎ ‎ —No, I _______ to the bank already.‎ A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been ‎2.—Where is Bob?‎ ‎—He______to Harbin for a meeting.‎ A. went B. has been C. has gone ‎3．一You don’t look well．You’d better see the doctor．‎ ‎ 一I _____．But the doctor said there was nothing serious．‎ ‎ A．have B．am C．will D．Was ‎ 个性化学案 ‎4 -How nice your bike is! How long _________ you ______________ it?‎ ‎ -For two weeks.‎ A have; bought B have; had C did; buy ‎5. —I cleaning my bedroom. It’s clean now. ‎ ‎—Wow. When you it?‎ A. have finished，did，finish B. finished，have，finished B. C. finish，do，finish D. have finished，have，finished ‎ 【拔高】‎ ‎ 个性化学案 ‎ 1. Miss Gao came to our school in 2006. She _____ here for four years. ‎ ‎ A. teaches B. taught C. has taught ‎2. －Have you ever ______ Xingkai Lake?‎ ‎ －Yes. I ______ there last month. It’s quite beautiful.‎ ‎ A. gone to, went B. been to, went C. been to, go ‎ ‎3. —Where’s her second son? I haven’t seen him for a long time. ‎ ‎—He _______ Maine looking for a place to work. ‎ A． will go to B．has gone to C．had gone to D．goes to ‎ ‎4 Joe，my close friend，moved to Beijing years a90，and I him since then.‎ A don’t see B didn’t see C haven’t seen D won’t see ‎5.--Hello! May I speak to Kate?‎ ‎ --Sorry, she isn’t here now. She __________to Shanghai.‎ ‎ A. went B. has been C. has gone ‎6. When we got to Yushu airport , we were told that they ____ more than 500 people from the ruins (废墟) by earthquake.‎ A. has saved B. saved C. had saved D. have saved ‎ 个性化学案 ‎7. In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown.‎ A. have been B. were C. had been D. Are ‎8. —Hello! Is that Mr. Jiang ?‎ ‎—No ,he_____ Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks. ‎ A. goes B. went C. has gone to D. has been to ‎ 课后评价