外研版初三英语上册 Module 12 重点难点易错点整理 8页

Module 12‎ Save our world ‎ 教学目标：‎ ‎1.熟练掌握重点单词、词组的用法；‎ ‎2.构词法。‎ 重点 ‎（重点单词，短语，句子等）‎ 一、 重点短语 单元一：1. spread over遍布,覆盖2. cause pollution造成污染3. be worried about为……担忧4. so many/much如此多的5. as well也,还6. think of考虑7.talk about谈论8. nice idea好主意9. save energy节约能源10. students in poor areas贫困地区的学生 单元二：1.ride a bike 2. turn off关上(水、电)3. ask for sth.要求得到某物4. a plastic bag一个塑料袋5. do with处理6. divide…into…把……分成……7. throw away扔掉;丢弃 ‎8. be harmful to对……有害9. as long as possible尽可能长时间的10. look after照看,照顾11. so that以便于12. change…into…把…变成 非非13. something else其他的东西 ‎14. tons of许多;很多15. take steps采取措施,开始行动16.draw up制定,起草 单元三：1. clean up打扫,清扫2. in such a short time在如此短的时间3. pay attention to注意4. in the countryside在乡下5. be off to离开去…6. be good for对……有好处 ‎7. try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 8.not… any more不再 二、重点句型 ‎ ‎1.It' s no use doing sth做某事是没有用的 It's no use talking about things we can't do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。‎ 2. 含有情态动词的被动语态 At a green school, every class collects waste which can be recycled or used again.在绿色学校里,每个班级收集能够被回收利用或再次使用的废 3. though引导的让步状语从句 Though pollution is heavy now,Idon' t think it's hopeless.尽管现在污染很严重,(但)我认为它并不是无望的。‎ 4. if引导的条件状语从句 If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.如果每个人都开始做一些事情,世界将会被拯救。‎ 5. 祈使句的否定形式 Do not waste things.不要浪费东西。‎ Do not order more food than you can finish不要点多于你能吃完的食物。‎ 难点 构词法 一、 合成法 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法叫作合成法 (1) 名词+名词 basket+ball= basketbal(篮球)life+time= lifetime(一生)‎ ‎(2)动词+名词:play+ ground= playground(操场) watch+ tower=watchtower(瞭望塔)‎ ‎(3)形容词+名词: short+hand= shorthand(速记) black+ board=blackboard(黑板)‎ ‎(4)介词+名词:over+coat= overcoat(大衣) after+noon= afternoon(下午)‎ ‎(5)副词+名词:out+side= outside(外面)down+ stairs= downstairs(楼下)‎ 一、 派生法 ‎ 通过在词根前加前缀或在词根后加后缀构成新词的方法叫做派生法。‎ ‎1.前缀法 a.表示否定意义的前缀 un- unfair unhappy, unfinished, undress dis- disagree , disbelieve dislike ‎ in- , il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前) ： inaccurate， illegible， impolite imbalance， irregular mis- mistake misbehave mislead ‎ ‎ ‎ b.表示其他意义的前缀 en- “使……”encourage enrich enlarge ‎ inter- “相互” international intercontinental re- “再，又，重” recycle rethink retell ‎ tele- “远程的” telephone telescope telegraph auto- “自动的”automobile automatic ‎ micro- “极小的，微小的” microcomputer, microwave ‎ self- “自己，本身” self-centered , self-confident , self-control under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的” underground, underline, underestimate ‎2. 后缀法 ‎ a . 名词后缀 ‎-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container ‎-ese “某国(人)的”Chinese, Japanese ‎-ian “某国、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician ‎-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist ‎-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess ‎-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement ‎-ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness ‎-tion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation ‎-ance/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence ‎-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth ‎-ful “(满的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful ‎-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability ‎-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval ‎-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty ‎-dom “处于……状态;性质”freedom, boredom ‎-age “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage b . 动词后缀 ‎-fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify ‎-en “使成为;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden ‎-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize c. 形容词后缀 ‎-able “可……的，具有……的”acceptable, drinkable, knowledgeable , reasonable ‎-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political ‎-an “属于某地方的人”American African ‎-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern ‎-ful/ less “(没)有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless ‎-ish “如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish ‎-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive ‎-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen ‎-ous “有(性质)的”famous, dangerous, poisonous ‎-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily ‎-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy ‎ d. 副词后缀 ‎-ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily ‎-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards e. 数词后缀 ‎-teen “十几” fifteen, eighteen, thirteen ‎-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty ‎-th “序数词” fifteenth, twentieth 三、转化法 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。‎ (1) 动词→名词 drink(喝)→ drink(饮料) smoke(抽烟)→ smoke(烟)‎ (2) 名词→动词 show(展览)→show(展示) water(水)→ water(给……浇水 (3) 形容词→动词 slow(缓慢的)→slow(减慢) warm(温暖的)→→warm(使温暖)‎ 习题训练 ‎1. In general,Chopin is a _______(piano) of great ability ‎2. With the_______(develop) of technology, the journey to Mars might only take about 20 minutes inspacecraft in the future.‎ ‎3.At present Chinese is______(wide) used around the world.‎ ‎4.It is_______(polite) to stare at anyone or to talk loudly in public.‎ ‎5.He is a( n) ______( honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says.‎ 单项选择 ‎6. The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in SanFrancisco, the USA. Which of the following words is created in the same way the word“ landmark”‎ A unpleasant B useless C summertime D surprising ‎7.The mountain I visited last Sunday isn’t very_______.‎ Few_______ go sightseeing there A. tourist tourists B. touristy: tourist C. touristy tourists D. tourist tourist 解析：‎ 1. pianist 2.development 3. widely 4. impolite 5.dishonest 6-7 CC 考法1形容词辨析 ‎1. Why did she get so mad? It was only a_______joke.‎ A hopeless B hopeful C. harmless D. harmful 考法2动词辨析 ‎2.-Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.‎ Wonderful! I can't wait to_____it.‎ A. repeat B. forget C. receive D join ‎ 考法3动词短语辨析 ‎3. In our daily life, we must learn to_______ourselves well at any time. It's as important as studying.‎ A. deal with B worry about C. look after 考法4固定结构 4. ‎-I'm sorry to have kept you_______for such a long time.‎ It doesn’t matter.‎ A wait B. waiting C. to wait 考法5短语运用 ‎5.吃太多盐对我们的健康不利。( no good for)(用括号内所给的短语将句子翻译成英语)‎ ‎ .‎ 考法6构词法 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎6.We should be_______(friend) to others at any time.‎ ‎7. After class, children went out of their classroom to enjoy the_________(warm) of the sun.‎ ‎8. Everyone should behave______in public (polite).‎ 解析：‎ ‎1-4 CDCB ‎5.Eating too much salt is no good for our healthy.‎ ‎6.friendly 7.warmth 8.politely.‎