人教版九年级英语第十二单元知识点总结 8页

人教版九年级英语第十二单元知识点总结 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.‎ 一． 单词 unexpected by the time backpack oversleep give sb a lift block in line with worker stare disbelief above burn burning alive airplane till west cream workday pie show up bean market by the end of fool costume embarrassed costume party announce spaghetti hoax sell out discovery lady cancel officer believable disappear embarrassing 本单元语法：过去完成时。‎ 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去”已经发生的动作。‎ Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times.‎ ‎⑴ 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。‎ ‎⑵ 过去完成时的结构是：肯定由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成 ‎ 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadn’t ‎ ‎⑶ 过去完成时的时间状语：‎ ‎① 表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语。‎ ‎ We had finished our homework before 10 o’clock. ‎ ‎② 可能通过when, before等引导的从句表示。‎ ‎ When I got there, the train had left. ‎ ‎③ 过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。 ‎ ‎ Kate hadn’t studied hard, so she didn’t pass the exam yesterday. ‎ 二．1.unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的 the unexpected “意外的事情”“出乎意料的事”。‎ the ＋adj.表示一类人或事物。the homeless (无家可归者) the disabled(残疾人)‎ the wounded(战争中受伤的人)the injured(事故中受伤的人)‎ 2. by the time+时间状语从句 （1） 时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来），主句用将来完成时；‎ （2） 时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。‎ by the end of +时间点 ‎（1）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；‎ ‎（2）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时；‎ by+时间点 ‎（1）+现在的时间点，主句用现在完成时；‎ ‎（2）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；‎ ‎（3）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。‎ By the time you came back, I had finished this book. ‎ By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for Beijing.‎ By the end of last year, I had stayed in Xinzheng for seven years.‎ By now, I have finished all my homework.‎ ‎3.oversleep =sleep late v 睡过头sleep → slept → slept oversleep—overslept—overslept ‎–What happened ? — I _____. A. oversleep B. oversleeped C. Overslept ‎4.give sb. a lift =give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. “捎某人一程”，‎ The poor old woman was standing in the middle of the road and asked someone to ___.‎ A. give him a ride B. give her a ride C. enjoy a ride D. accept a ride ‎5.leave 与forget的用法: ‎ ‎(1) leave “ 遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；‎ ‎(2)forget “ 忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过)。 ♦leave → left → left v 离开 ‎ ‎(1)leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 (2)leave for +地点 离开去某地 ‎ ‎(3) leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假 leave school (中学) 毕业 ‎ ‎(4)leave one by oneself=leave sb alone 把某人单独留下 ‎ ‎6.when的特殊用法“这时，突然”，用于四种结构 ‎1)be doing sth...when I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.‎ ‎2)be on the point of doing sth...when She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang ‎3)be about to do sth...when We were about to start when it began to rain. ‎ ‎4).sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth... when ‎ We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. ‎ 另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。 ‎ 7. be full of = be filled with充满，装满The basket is full of apples.=The basket is filled with apples.‎ ‎8.get back to school 意为“回到学校” ‎ ‎1)get back to 后接表地点的名词，意为“回到某地”; ‎ ‎2)get back to 后面接人,可引申为“回复某人的信件，电子邮件，电话”等 ；‎ ‎3)get back 还可表示“ 回来，返回，拿回，取回”等含义。‎ ‎9.My alarm clock didn’t go off! ‎ go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now. ‎ go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go on 继续 go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳 ‎10.rush out 冲出去，冲出…… wait in line with 意为“与……排队等候”‎ stand in line 站成一排cut in line 插队 stare at 凝视 in disbelief 不相信 turn into 变成 land on 意为“着陆；降落于”be late for迟到go off发出响声 keep doing sth 一直做......wake up 醒来 ‎11.even if / even though/ though 三者都可以引导让步状语从句。‎ Even if =even though“即使、纵然”引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情 though“虽然”，引出的从句叙述的是事实。‎ I will try even if I may fail. Though it was very late, he went on working. ‎ ‎[注] though 和but 不能同时出现在句中。‎ ‎12.above ‎ ‎1)prep（表示位置）在…正上方；（与 below相对）The moon is now above the trees.‎ ‎2)prep表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”He is above me in every way. ‎ ‎3) adv. “在上面; 在上文”。See the examples given above.‎ ‎13.alive, living, live与lively lively ‎1）‎ live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如： a live fish 一条活鱼。 Do you like a live show or a recorded show ?  ‎ ‎ 2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：.My first teacher is still living . English is a living language . A living language should be learned through listening and speaking . He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present .‎ 注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如： The living must finish the work of those dead .  living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。 3）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限(本来会死但没有死)，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。例如： ‎ The badly wounded soldier was still alive when he was taken to the hospital . He is dead , but his dog is still alive .  He wanted to keep the fish alive . This is a fish alive.‎ ‎4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如： Jenny is a lively girl . Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting .  ‎ live 物 定语 现场的 living 人/物 定语、表语 make a living/the living alive 人/物 后置定语、表语、宾补 生与死的界限 lively 人/物 定语、表语、宾补 生气勃勃的,无活着的意思 ‎1). Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest writer. He is still .‎ A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive; living D. alive; lively ‎ ‎2).—Is his grandmother still ?—Yes, she is 102 years old!‎ A. live B. living C. alive D. Lively ‎14.take off 在此句中意为“起飞”，off 在此为副词表示“离开；走开”。‎ take off 也有“脱下”之意，此时 off 为介词，后可直接跟宾语。‎ Take off your coat.It's hot outside.脱下你的外套，外面炎热。‎ 15. The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. ‎ till 意为“到，直到”，相当于until. ‎ ‎⑴用于肯定句时, 主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”。 ‎ She watched TV till her mother came back ‎⑵ 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到…（才）”。‎ She didn’t watch TV till her mother came back. ‎ ‎16.on April Fool’s Day 愚人节 make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人 ‎17.embarrass v 使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 尴尬的(用来修饰人)→embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的（修饰物）‎ ‎18.invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 ‎19.show up 出席 on show =on display 展览 show off 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观 show sb. sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 ‎20.play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑 laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑 It's impolite to laugh at, stare at or play _____on disabled people ‎ A. fun B. jokes C. tricks D. parts ‎ ‎21. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy buy as much as spaghetti as they could. as +形容词/副词的原级+ as sb. can / could = as + 形容词/副词原级+ as possible. ‎ We must do everything as possible. = We must do everything as well as we can. ‎ ‎22.sell out 卖光 （用物作主语时，常用于被动语态 be sold out）‎ ‎ give out 分发 hand out 分发 work out解答出 run out of 用完 ‎ go out 出去 find out 查明 look out 当心 take out 拿出 ‎23.find out, look for 与 find ‎(1)find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如：‎ ‎ Please find out when the train leaves. ‎ ‎(2)look for 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。‎ (3) find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。‎ 24. end up doing sth.（以…）结束；‎ I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing nothing.‎ end up as最终成为He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.‎ end up sth. 表示“结束某事”。 The scientist ended up his speech at last.‎ end up with sth. （以……）结束 The students began with speaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese. ‎ ‎25.marry v嫁娶 ‎ ‎(1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚”Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.‎ ‎(2)A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚 get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year.‎ ‎(3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B” She married her daughter to a rich man.‎ ‎(4) be/get married to sb 与……结婚 ‎26.(1)当hundred/ thousand/million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式 ‎(2)当hundred/ thousand/million 后与of 连用时用复数形式，‎ 具体的不加s 也不加of，不具体的加s 也加of ‎27.How do you feel about…? = What do you think of…?= How do you like…?‎ ‎ “你怎样看待……?” 用于提问对方对某事物的观点 28. hear短语 hear可用作及物动词，表示“听到”、“听见”，侧重于听的结果。如： ‎ I'm very sorry to hear that.‎ hear后面还可以跟that从句，I hear that you've been here for several years. ‎ ‎(2) hear of是指间接地“听到”“听说”后接名词性质的词。如： ‎ I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。 ‎ hear of与hear about的意义相近它们含有“听人说起”，“从书报上看到关于”等意义 ‎ I’ve never heard of him. 我从来没有听说过他。 ‎ Have you heard about him from anywhere?你从什么地方听到过他吗？ ‎ ‎(3) hear from指“收到……的来信”其宾语应是人，而不是信。如： ‎ I often hear from my parents.我经常收到父母的来信。‎ ‎29.get/be dressed 穿衣服 wear 穿，戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。‎ You’d better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes.‎ put on 穿，戴（强调动作）后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.‎ dress 给……穿衣服宾语通常是人，意思是“给……穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。It’s time to wake up and get dressed!‎ in 后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。He was in a new black coat. The girl in red is my sister.‎ ‎30.keep用法1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词3.keep +doing 一直做某事 ‎4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 ‎6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借。‎ 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： ‎ arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→be up go out→be out finish→be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) ‎ get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to → live in finish/end → be over come to → be in sit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。How long can I keep this book? 　　　这本书我可以借多长时间？‎ 必背短语 1. be full of 充满了 the unexpected 出乎意料的事 2. by the time到......时候 3. get up 起床4.take a shower / get in the shower 洗澡 5.be 5 minutes late for 迟到5分钟6.in the backpack 在书包 / 背包里7. get back to school 回到学校8. start teaching 开始上课(3)9. keep doing sth 一直 / 坚持做某事10. go off（闹钟）发出响声11.wake up 醒来 12. rush out 冲出去13. brush one’s teeth刷牙 14. wash one’s face 洗脸 15. give sb a lift 捎某人一程16. at least (反义： at most 最多）至少17. find a job 找到一个工作18. at the World Trade Center 在世贸中心19. arrive at +小地点/ arrive in+大地点 = get to sp. = reach sp. 到达某地(特殊点here/there/home/abroad) 20. be about to do sth即将做某事（一般不接具体的时间状语， 表马上要发生）21.even though= even if 即使；尽管 22. wait in line 排队等候 23. What is going on 发生什么(同义句) 24. stare at sb凝视某人25.in disbelief难以置信地26. feel lucky to do sth 做某事感到很幸运 27. be alive 活着的 28. jump out of 跳出29. go straight to sp . 直接到某地30. take off （飞机）起飞；脱下 31. hear about 听说 32.turn into/change into变成turn A ‎ into B 把A变成B 33.show up 露面,赶到 34. get to the airport 到达飞机场 35. get a chance to say goodbye 得到一个机会说再见 36.forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 37. leave sp. 离开某地 leave for sp. 动身去某地 38. a costume party一个化妆舞会39.get dressed 穿衣服 40. stay up 熬夜41. invite sb. to sp.邀请某人到某地 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 42. be embarrassed（主语是人） 很尴尬的 be embarrassing （主语是物） 很尴尬的43. all night 整夜 44. take place 发生45. play a joke on sb.跟某人开玩笑 46. play a trick on sb捉弄某人47. Sth happens to sb.某人发生某事(三组句型) 48. sell out卖光 49. as ... as sb can= as... as possible 尽可能.......地 50. lose weight减肥51.end up doing sth结束做某事 end up with sth. 以某事结束 end up sth.结束某事 52. get married to sb. 与某人结婚（表短暂动词） be married to sb.与某人结婚(表状态）53. move across 穿越 54. run away 逃离run away from sp. 从某地逃离55. the luckiest day最幸运的一天56in the middle of the road在路中间57.lead to 通向；导致 58. cancel a plan 取消一个计划 59. miss doing sth. 错过做某事60. a bowl of...一碗......61. leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里62. miss both events错过两个事件63. raise above the burning building 从正在燃烧的楼上升起64. collect the math homework收数学作业 65. complete the work for my boss 完成老板的工作66. make the apple pie制作苹果馅饼 67. show up赶到,出现68. add the green beans加绿豆荚70. fear spread across the whole country 恐惧席卷整个国家71. the unluckiest day of my life 一生中最不幸的一天 72. head west 向西行驶74. turn around 调头 75. make an unexpected discovery 作一个出乎意料的发现 76.it was two blocks east from my office它在离我办公室东面两个街区的地方77take a holiday=have a holiday度假78.what bad luck79 the day before前一天80.call sb = telephone/phone/ring sb 81.huge truck/announce/theater82.there would be+n81 land on the earth在地球着陆82.a piece/slice of+U一片a piece of 比较泛，一块，一片，一件等等都可以用a piece of表示a slice of专门指一片（切片，用刀切下来的一片）83.stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 stay up 熬夜不睡 ‎ My Most Unlucky Day ‎　　Today is my most unlucky day. Yesterday I had a lot of homework to do, so I stayed up too late last night. And today my clock didn’t go off, so I got up too late. After I got up, I found my bike was broken. Then I ran to the bus stop. Unfortunately, by the time I reached there, the bus had left. When I got to school, the teacher had begun her class. When I sat at my seat, I realized I had left my backpack at home. At noon I wanted to have lunch, and I found I had no money. After school, I couldn’t go into my room because I had left my keys at school.‎ ‎　　What an unlucky day it is!‎