人教版初三英语上unit3知识点讲解及练习 7页

‎ Unit 3: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ take the test 参加考试 ‎ pass the test 通过考试 ‎ fail a test 考试失败 be strict with+人 对某人严格 be strict in+事物 对某事要求严格 stay up 熬夜 clean up 打扫　整理 learn from each other 互相学习 concentrate on 专注于 one’s own 某人自己的 the other day 前几天，几天前 ‎ = a few days ago have an opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事 ‎=have a chance to do/ of doing every other day每隔一天 （每两天）‎ ‎= every two days ‎ at present 现在，目前 in this way 用这种方法 in the way 挡道的，妨碍人的 on the way 在路上 ‎ on one’s way to 在某人去…的路上 by the way 顺便说（问）‎ be serious about 对…认真 care for在乎、关心 ‎【语言点】‎ ‎ 1. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.应该允许青少年选择自己的衣服。‎ ‎ allow 允许 allow + n. 允许某事 ‎ 如：We can't allow such a thing. 我们不允许这样的事（发生）‎ ‎ allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）‎ ‎　 如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。‎ ‎ allow doing sth. 允许做某事 ‎ 如：They don't allow smoking here.‎ ‎ be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）‎ ‎ 如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qingdao. 莉莉被允许去青岛。‎ ‎2. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.‎ 宾语从句中否定转移： 若宾语从句跟在think, believe等表示“想，认为"的动词之后，‎ 而主语为第一人称时，句子的否定体现在主句上。 ‎ ‎ 常用词有：suppose(猜想), guess（猜、猜测）, imagine（想象）, expect（期待）‎ 如： I don't think he is right. 我认为他不对 ‎ I don't think it's a good idea.我认为那不是一个好主意。 ‎ ‎3.Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.16岁的青少年应该被允许打耳洞。‎ V. + 宾语+ 宾补 get/have + 宾语 + 过去分词 请或让某人做某事 ‎ 如：I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车 ‎ I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发.‎ ‎ I usually get my hair cut once a month.我通常一个月理一次发。‎ ‎ keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词　使某人/某物保持….　‎ ‎ 如：We should keep our city clean. 我们应该保持我们的城市干净。‎ Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久 ‎4. They aren’t serious enough.他们不够严肃。‎ enough 足够　　形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough　足够漂亮 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。‎ ‎ enough＋名词　如：enough food 足够食物 ‎ I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 ‎ enough to do sth.　足够…去做…　‎ 如： She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。 ‎ ‎5. He should stop wearing that silly earring.他应该停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环。‎ ‎ stop 停止、阻止 stop doing sth. 停止做某事　如：Please stop speaking.请停止说话。‎ stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 如：Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。‎ can’t stop doing sth. 忍不住做某事 如：I can’t stop laughing when I heard it.听到那件事，我忍不住大笑起来。‎ ‎6. Sb. seems to do sth. = It seems that +从句 看起来好像…‎ ‎ He seems to feel very sad. = It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。‎ ‎ He doesn’t seem to have many friends. =It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.‎ ‎ =He seems not to have many friends.‎ ‎7. 程度副词：always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 ‎ 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。‎ ‎8. ---We have a lot of rules at my house. 在家里我们有许多规定。‎ ‎---So do we. 我们也是。（倒装句）‎ so + be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 表示前面所叙述的肯定情况也适合于后者，所叙述的不是同一人或物。‎ ‎ “……也是如此”‎ neither（nor）+ be/ 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 表示前面所叙述的否定情况也适合于后者，所叙述的不是同一人或物。‎ ‎“……也不”‎ ‎ 如：Tom has been to Beijing. So have I.‎ ‎ --- He speaks English well.‎ ‎ --- So he does. / --- So do you. ‎ ‎ He can’t swim. Neither/ Nor can I.‎ ‎9. go doing go shopping(去购物) go fishing(去钓鱼) go swimming(去游泳), ‎ go boating(去划船) go hiking(去登山) go trekking(去徒步)‎ ‎10. care ‎ take care 留神，小心=be careful，保重 Take care not to drop it.当心别把它掉了。‎ ‎ take care of 照顾，照料=look after 如： I took care of my sister well.‎ ‎ care about 关心，在乎 如：That girl never cares about others.‎ ‎ care for 喜欢，照顾，为……操心 如：You should care for your sick mother.‎ ‎11. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣 be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。‎ ‎ sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。‎ ‎12. sleep n./v. 睡觉 I sleep for 7 hours every day.‎ ‎ asleep adj. 睡着的，睡熟的 表状态 不能在名词之前 She is asleep in the bed.‎ ‎ sleepy adj. 想睡觉的，困乏的 I'm sleepy, I want to go to bed.‎ ‎ sleeping adj. 睡着的，正在睡觉的 在名词之前 This is a sleeping dog.‎ ‎13. agree to + 建议、计划、安排等名词 ‎ agree with + 人、表示意见的词 ‎ agree on + 具体协议的文件、行动等名词 agree to do 同意做某事 ‎14. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.‎ 例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班. She is off today. 她今天休息.‎ ‎ I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.‎ ‎ They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天.‎ ‎【重点语法】 ‎ ‎ 1.被动语态 ‎ ①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态　　　主动语态表示是动作的执行者 ‎　 　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　‎ ‎　 Cats 　eat 　fish. 　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。‎ ‎　 Fish is eaten by cats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。‎ ‎ ②被动语态的构成：由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 ‎　　助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。‎ 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在 时 am ‎ are +过去分词 is ‎ English is spoken in many countries.‎ 一般过去 时 was +过去分词 were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.‎ 情 态 动 词 can/should may +be+过去分词 must/……‎ The work must be done right now.‎ ‎ 2. 倒装句 由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语　意为：…也是一样 ‎ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.‎ ‎　　She is a student. So am I.　她是一个学生，我也是。‎ ‎ She went to school just now. So did I. 她刚才去学校了，我也是。‎ ‎ She has finished the work. So have I. 她已经完成了工作，我也完成了。‎ She will go to school. So will he.　她将去学校，他也是。‎ Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.‎ 例题 ‎ ‎ (   ) 1. ---Look at the sign on the right.‎ ‎ ---Oh, smoking here.‎ A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. didn’t allow   D. wasn’t allowed ‎(    ) 2. If people cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere .‎ A. keep, to live in         B. will keep, to live in    C. keep, to live    D. will keep, to live ‎ ‎(    ) 3.Lucy speaks English . She can talk to the guests from the USA. A. enough good B. enough well C. good enough   D. well enough ‎ ‎(    ) 4. Mr. Black, can you tell me the best way a foreign language?  A. learn              B. learning      C. of learn            D. to learn (    ) 5. It's very hot in the room. Would you please keep the window . A. open             B. opens    C. to open            D. close ‎(    ) 6. James, I’m too tired. Let’s stop a rest . A. having         B. have    C. to having           D. to have ‎( )7. Can we agree a date for the next meeting?‎ ‎ A. to B. on C. with D. of ‎(    )8. The twins are good at . They are both in the club. A. run, run      B.  runs, running   C. run, ran            D.  running, running    ‎ ‎(    ) 9. We don't agree them, but we agree the plan. A. with, with     B. to, to     C. with, to            D. to, with ‎( )10. Tom agreed friends with me.‎ A. make B. makes C. making D. to make ‎（ ）11. I don’t your opinion.‎ A. care about B. care for C. take care of D. take care ‎（ ）12. when you cross the road.‎ A. Care about B. Care for C. Take care of D. Take care ‎（ ）13.---I have read the book before. ---Me, too. (选出与划线部分意思相同的一项)‎ A. We are the same B. So have I C. Also I D. Neither have I ‎ 练习 ‎ 【单项选择】 (    ) 1.—Jim enjoys listening to pop music.    —            . A. So does Helen.              B. Also is Helen       C. Helen likes also             D. So Helen does (    ) 2. Our English teacher is very strict _______ us and he is strict _________his teaching.      A. with, at           B. with, with         C. at, at       D. with, in (    ) 3. —What’s the matter?     —They said I should not be allowed    here. They don’t allow __in the waiting room. A. smoking, to smoke           B. to smoke, smoke     C. to smoke, smoking           D. smoking, smoking (    ) 4. He doesn’t do his homework ______________, though he has ______________. A. carefully enough, enough time            B. enough carelessly, time enough C. carelessly enough, enough time            D. enough carefully，enough time (    ) 5. The little child was too _____________ to hear the end of the long speech.      A. sleepy            B. asleep            C. sleep             D. sleeping (    ) 6. Everyone ____________to have at least eight__________sleep at night.      A. needs, hour’s     B. need, hours’     C. needed, hour’s    D. needs, hours’ (    ) 7. We should go to school at 8:00 ______________ school mornings.      A. at               B. in                 C. on              D. of (    ) 8. Something is wrong with my PDA.I will get it ___________ .‎ ‎      A. repair            B. repairing           C. to repair          D. repaired (    ) 9. ——Excuse me, you are _________ of my passing through.    ——I’m sorry, here you go. A. on the way                B. in the way           C. out the way           D. off the way (    ) 10. Jill didn’t finish the homework,_________.      A. either                           B. too             C. also                       D. neither (    ) 11. You must concentrate more _________ your English. A. to                                B. in                           C. on                          D. at (    ) 12. That is a good way to keep _________ teachers and students happy.       A. either                         B. none                       C. all                           D. both (    ) 13. Don’t get_________ when you study in groups. A. noise                           B. noises                     C. noisy                      D. noising (    ) 14. We should learn _________ each other.       A. to                               B. from                       C. for                          D. of (    ) 15. The children often take time to do things like_________. ‎ ‎   A. volunteer             B. to volunteer            C. volunteers              D. volunteering ‎【用所给词适当形式填空】‎ ‎ 1. People are not ( allow) to smoke in some public places.‎ ‎ 2. My parents didn’t use to allow (watch) TV on weekdays. ‎ But I was (watch) TV on Sundays.‎ ‎ 3. Our TV doesn’t work at all. I am going to get it (repair).‎ ‎ 4. When did you get your hair (cut).‎ ‎ 5. He got me (help) him.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【句型转换】‎ ‎ 1. Teenagers should be allowed to wear that earring.(否定句)‎ Teenagers to wear that earring.‎ ‎ 2. He should allow you to make your own decision. (被动语态)‎ You should to make your own decision.‎ ‎【翻译句子】‎ 1. 学生们应该被允许用电脑来做家庭作业。‎ Students do their homework with computers.‎ 2. 我们认为他不会把那本书借给你。‎ ‎ ‎ 3. 我相信他没有撒谎。‎ ‎ ‎ 4. 我没有足够的时间等他们。‎ I don’t have for them.‎ ‎【阅读理解】‎ Tom walked into a shop. It bad a sign outside : "Second-hand (旧的) clothes bought and sold . "He was carrying an old pair of trousers and asked the owner of the shop, "How much will you give me for these?" The man ‎ looked at them and then said: "Two dollars." 　　"What!" said Tom. "I had guessed they were worth at least five dollars." 　　"No," said the man, "they aren't worth a cent more than two dollars." 　　"Well," said Tom, taking two dollars out of his pocket. "Here's your money. These trousers were hanging outside your shop. The list price (标价)of them was six dollars and a half. But I thought that was too much money, so I wanted to find out how much they were really worth." 　　Then he walked out of the shop with the pair of trousers and disappeared before the shop owner could think of anything to say.‎ ‎　(    ) 1. At first the owner of the shop thought that Tom __________ . 　　 A. wanted to steal the trousers　 　　 B. wanted to sell the trousers 　　 C. wanted to fool him　　　　　　　 D. wanted to buy the trousers ‎ ‎(    ) 2. The owner of the shop _______for the old trousers . 　　 A. would give Tom two dollars　　　 B. would pay three dollars 　　 C. would pay five dollars　　　 　　 D. would give Tom six dollars and a half ‎ ‎　(    ) 3. The shop owner insisted that the trousers were worth only two dollars because ____ . 　　 A. he wanted to sell them cheaply (廉价地)　　 B. he wanted to buy them cheaply 　　 C. he didn't like the trousers 　　 D. they were old and dirty ‎ ‎　(    ) 4. In fact, the trousers _________. 　　 A. were hanging inside the shop　 　　 B. were stolen by Tom from the shop 　　 C. had been the shop owner's　　 　　 D. had been Tom's ‎ ‎(    ) 5. From the story we know that _________ cheaper than the list price. 　　 A. the owner sold the trousers two dollars　　 B. Tom sold the trousers one dollar and a half 　　 C. the owner bought the trousers three dollars D. Tom bought the trousers four dollars and a half ‎1—5. ADCAA   6—10. DCDBA   11—15. CDCBD