备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点39 短文填空之首字母填空 （学生版） 13页

考点 39 短文填空之首字母填空 首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法 正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。 二、满分技巧 1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。 快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时， 还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重 视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。 2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。 把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的 意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配 和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚 不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。 3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内 容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。 A Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do. Be c___56___. Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry doesn’t do any good. Neither can a fight. I___57___, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are no w___58___ in a fight. Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to a___59___, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud v___60___ can usually make the attacker stop. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby. Learn to r___61___. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a r___62___ way to deal with the problem. B The Best Language for Learning Math What is the best language for learning math? Hint (提示)：You are not reading it. Chinese, Japanese and Korean all have simpler number words. They express math concepts (概念）more c____81____than English. The language gap has drawn lots of attention. Several recent studies have l___82___ weaker math abilities in English-speaking children to English number words. Chinese, for example, has just ten basic number words. English, however, has more than two dozen (一打). The trouble starts at “e____83____” English has a word for that number. Chinese, Japanese and Korean have words that can be translated as ‘"ten-one” ——spoken with the ‘"ten” first. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value. Students can easily see that the number system is based on units of 10. English number words over 10 don’t make the place value clear. Words for numbers 13 to 19 change the order of the ones (个位）and tens. Children are more 1____84____ to confuse 17 with 71. Therefore, children working with English number words have a harder time doing complex (复杂） calculations. They make more m ____85____. It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” method. When they a___86___ two numbers, Chinese students often break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For example, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. This method greatly helps students work out math problems. Many teachers in America are teaching their students the “make-a-ten” method. However，they are having a hard time because of the confusing English number words. Now, you should feel 1____87____that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother language, all the math problems have become less difficult and less confusing. C We may think today that Donald Trump invented the term, but “fake news” has been around for a while. In the early 19th century, small regional and local papers made their product known and i___56___ their sales with a lot of made-up news articles. The Central Park Zoo Escape, reported on November 9, 1874, is one such event. The front page of the New York Herald that day reported that v___57___ animals had escaped from the Central Park Zoo. A rhino had fallen into a sewer（下水道） and a lion had been seen walking slowly through a church. The article said that, while the police and National Guard were doing what they could, twenty-seven people had already died and many others had been injured. Readers were scared and armed men were seen in the streets, preparing to p___58___ their loved ones and property by battling the wild animals of the zoo. In their upset, they clearly hadn’t read to the end of the article: the l___59___ line stated that ‘the whole story given above is a pure lie’! But why was it done? The article was the creation of a reporter named Joseph Clarke. Working alongside his editor, Clarke wanted to highlight the dangerous conditions at the zoo by showing the readers what could happen, not what a___60___ had. They had no idea of the fear it would cause. The paper never apologized for the upset to New Yorkers. I___61___, they ran a short statement requesting that safety conditions at the zoo should be improved. The l___62___ to learn? Always read right to the end! The whole story given above is not a pure lie! D Roy is a middle-aged man who lives happily with his family in a big house. He is a successful craftsman now. But his life is not a____56____ so great. He had a learning disability from an early age. He went to a school for children like him and he got plenty of extra help in this school. He still suffered(受苦) the rest of his school days in public schools. His life improved so much when he discovered art. The art world gave him a chance to express himself w_____57_____ words. He went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay. Then he learned an important lesson: Though he was disabled in language, he could still be s____58____ and successfully express himself with clay. He got his n____59____ lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but he was scared from the start. He soon found it wasn’t a talent thing; it was just p____60____. So he did it more. After about five years of climbing, he found himself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. He learned that if a person fell in love with something and did it all the time, he would get better at it. And his confidence came along with it. Later he found his e____61____ really helpful when learning how to read and write. Every day he spent many hours reading and writing, which he used to a____62____ as much as possible. After two hard years, he could read and write as well as others. He has gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, reading and writing. Now he has got to a point in his life where he knows he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard, unknown, but interesting. E Mom and Dad live in Calverton. On June 28, my parents celebrated 70 years of marriage. They have been through years of hard work and good times, a___51___ supporting each other. As a child, I remember my parents working side by side for spring, fall, winter, and summer cleaning or working in the yard, or painting and wallpapering. My parents bought a h___52___ in Elmont. They never believed they'd be able to own their own home, and to them, it was their castle. They worked hard to decorate it and kept i___53___ looking beautiful. They taught us to work hard and to appreciate everything we had. Mom likes everything—sightseeing, clubs, shopping, anything. Dad, even today, can't u___54___ why she always wants to go out! Mom is really active with the Red Hatters women's group and her gardening club. Dad spoils (宠坏) her by taking care of the house. The key to their s___55___ marriage is that they respect each other. My brother, who is 67, and I (now 69), have always known we are lucky to have such great parents. They have shown us what love is, what hard work is, and what respect is all about. My daughter and I try to see them almost every weekend w___56___ we play cards together and catch upon the week's news. My parents are the glue that holds our whole family t___57___ , making holidays and ordinary days special to us all. I know we are lucky to have them both, even save all of their voice-mail messages, just so I'll have their voice to h___58___ when they are not here. But Mom keeps t___59___ us all that she's definitely (绝对地) going to live to be 100. So we will have a f___60___ more holidays, birthdays, and memories to experience. A（2020 •泰州市） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。 Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_____72_____ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better. Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_____73_____ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_____74_____ it touches your heart. Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳过) these words or trying to g____76____ their meanings, look them up. Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a poet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the poem’s meanings from where the poet places emphasis (强调) or pauses (停顿). After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_____78_____it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem. It is h_____80_____ to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem. B（2020 •徐州市） A）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。 It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_____61_____ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldn’t wait to take p_____62_____ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_____64_____ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_____65_____ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand. C（2020 •盐城市） （三）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。 Dear Peter I'm so excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, so we’re going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh? We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a___72___, we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i___73___in London. On F___74___morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f___75___from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w___76___to see the Houses of Parliament from up there! Saturday is for s___77___. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p___78___. We’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods—the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there. On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p____80____in the afternoon. It's my dream trip—and it's happening! Hope everything’s OK with you. Lots of love Cynthia D（2020 •扬州市） 根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地 写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。 Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ____66____ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there. During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e____68____ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career? A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s____69____. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ____70____ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b____71____ received offers. H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resources. We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ____74____in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home. E（2020 •镇江市） 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c___46___. Before the rose blossomed(盛开), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H___47___ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?” Because of this i___48___, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b___49___ it was ready to blossom, it died. Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e___50___ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns — our weaknesses. Many of us look at o___51___ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n___52___ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g___53___ of being able to find out our good qualities. Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d___54___ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e____55____ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times. F（2020 •上海市） "Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly． "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each other．This was the second time this week that Henry had c81． about his dinner． "We're going to let you take over dinnertime．You can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said． "Good．We're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answered． The next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82．"We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow，" Henry said． "Are we going to have anything e83．besides chicken？We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal， "，said Mum． "We can have cabbage，"Henry said． After he finished shopping，it was time to make his f84．meal．He believed that this would be his favourite meal．Since he had never cooked，his parents were both there to help him． "There's a lot to do，"Henry thought， as he looked at the mess in the kitchen．He was usually playing games outside while his parents were making dinner． It took almost two hours to cook．When dinner was finally finished，Henry was tired and h85．．But he was so excited—he made dinner! "I don't like cabbage，" cried Sophia，Henry's little sister，at the table．Henry felt quite upset．He had worked so hard on dinner，but it was i86．to get everyone happy about every part of every meal! "I'm sorry．I didn't know this could be so hard，" Henry felt like he might cry．He began to r87．how his parents felt every time at the dinner table． "It's 0K，Henry．You worked really hard．We' ll take back dinner responsibilities． You'll have to do it enough when you're grown up，"Dad said． Henry felt released．He happily finished his dinner and never got angry at dinner table again． G（2020 •四川攀枝花） Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything through his whole life. W61．you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her a62．. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and night and forgets about h63．. When you are g64．up day by day, mother feels very happy. When you are old e65．to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back f66．school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w67．about you at home. She usually knows your study and s68．much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be seen on her f69．. Mother is always ready to give everything she h70．to her children, but not to receive. What true love that is in the world！We will remember Mother Love forever. H（2020 •天津市） Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home. What do you like about being at home? What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special. Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day. Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day. How do you help at home? There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!” A（2020 •天津市东丽区 2018 届九年级中考第二次模拟） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 When you have dinner, you follow table manners（社交礼仪）. When you have a l____76____, you obey the rules in the classroom. But have you ever thought about needing to m____77____ your manners in the digital (数码 的) world when you use phones, e-mails and social media（社交媒体）, like QQ, WeChat, etc? A new research by Oxford University noted, “It's just important to treat people with respect online as it is in real life.” The study came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age. Their first a_____78_____is not “over-sharing” on social media, which means not posting every detail about your life online, because some of us are not creative e____79____ to always show off our thoughts and lives on social media. The manners also i___80___ not looking through others' phones and not gossiping (说闲话) about others over messages, e___81___when you choose “reply all” to send a message to a group of people. Although gossip is not h_____82_____ chat that can make conversations exciting, it can also be a way to spread something untrue about other people. Gossip can be even stronger on social media than in real life, so it's b_______83_______ not to gossip. Besides, when you have bad news for someone, do not leave text messages on social media, chat with him or her by c_____84_____ or sending personal messages. Nowadays technology has o_____85_____ us different ways to contact others. It is important to remember how to behave（表现；举止端庄）toward others online. B（2020 •江苏省南京市建邺区中考二模） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Chinese delivery ( 递 送 ) driver, Gao Zhixiao, appeared on the cover of Time magazine in March b____66____he was picked by the magazine as one of the heroes. Ever since COVID-19 broke out, many restaurants shut down or offered takeout-only s_____67_____. Millions of people have been staying home to prevent t____68____getting ill. People choose to order food online instead of going out. As a result, delivery orders greatly increased. Gao was born into a poor family in Ningxia. He left for Beijing after graduating from middle school. A ____69____ trying his hand as a dishwasher, assistant cook, and many other jobs, he worked as a deliveryman in 2012. When the novel coronavirus broke out, Gao g_____70_____ up his train ticket to go back home during the Spring Festival and continued working because he thought customers might be in need. Late this February, Gao received a s _____71_____ order that asked him to send medicine for coronavirus patients. He thought for a moment and picked up the order. B____72____delivering goods, Gao once warm-heartedly cooked for an elderly customer who was living alone at her home. Gao said, “I’m an ordinary person, and I just do w____73____I am supposed to.” On March 19, Time magazine p_____74_____six covers for its coronavirus issue under the theme “When the world stops”. If not for riders l_____75_____Gao, many families would be infected (感染) while shopping or buying food. C（2020 •江苏省徐州市铜山区、睢宁县、邳州市等六区县（市）中考二模） In my memory, there is one thing that I will never forget, which t ____61____ me an important lesson. Last year, I did badly in an exam and got a low mark. Being a____62____ of being punished by my parents, I told them I got a high mark. However, when my father attended the parents' meeting, he knew the t____63____. It was strange that he didn't shout at me but talked with me p____64____, Finally, I admitted my mistake and made up my mind to study hard. From the thing I know it's wrong to tell 1____65____. As students, we should try our best to study hard to get high marks instead of cheating(欺骗) parents. 【答案】61. taught/ teaches 62. afraid 63. truth 64. patiently/ peacefully 65. lies D（2020 •江苏省南通市海门市中考二模） A girl complained to her father about her hard life. She didn't know what she had to do and wanted to give up. She was t ____66____ of fighting and fighting. One problem had been f ___67___ another came over. Her father, cook, took her into the kitchen. He poured water into three pans(锅) and boiled it. When the water was boiling, in the first pan he put some carrots, in the second he put some eggs and in the last he put some coffee. He waited for them for a few minutes w____68____ any words. The girl waited impatiently, not knowing why her father was doing that. About 20 minutes later, her father turned off the stove, took out the carrots and put them in a bowl. He took out the eggs and put them in a ___69___ bowl. After that the coffee was poured into a cup. Turning back to his daughter, he asked, "My sweet heart, what do you s____70____ ?""Carrots, eggs and coffee", she answered. Her father told her to close her eyes and let her touch the carrots. She did so and f ___71___. that the carrots were soft. After that he asked her to take eggs and b ____72____ them. Then, she got the eggs, warm and hard. At last, the father asked her to smell the coffee. She asked, "What did you do this for, Father?" He e ____73____ that each one had had the same unlucky experience the boiling water, but each had a d ____74____ result. The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak after being in the boiling water. The eggs became hard after being cooked. The coffee was very special and it c ____75____ the water "Who are you?" asked her father. E（2020 •上海市青浦区中考二模） A Welcoming Way to Show China to the World Modern life is not easy and full of stress. It will be nicer to get away from all the noise and congestion（拥挤） and live a simpler life in the countryside. This is what popular vlogger（网络视频录制者）Li Ziqi did. Li was raised on a farm by her grandparents, but at the age of 14 she left the farm to work in the city. However, she found that city life was d____56____ and decided to move back to the countryside. “When I worked in the city, it was only about survival,” she said, “In the countryside, I am t____57____living.” When Li was back, she began making videos about her daily life and posting them to the Internet. She now has more than 20 million followers on Sina Weibo and over 7.5 million subscribers on YouTube. Her fans admire the way she makes e___58___ by herself: growing food and preparing traditional Chinese dishes, cutting down bamboo and making furniture, dyeing（染色）cloth and making her own clothes. The videos are beautifully made, but Li says she hopes her videos can provide people with e____59____ as well as fun. “I want people in the city to know where their food comes from. Some children b____60____ rice grows on trees!” The idyllic（田园诗般的）countryside life Li shows has the magical power of making people feel comfortable and relaxed. When we talk about Chinese culture, the first things that come to many people might be bullet trains, 5G technology and fast-developing cities. However, it is actually the more traditional side of China that is much more a____61____ to people from other cultures. Through her videos, Li lets the world know that Chinese people are good at making works of a____62____ out of even the simplest materials — this is definitely a way to show China to the world.