北京市2019年中考英语真题试题（含解析） 16页

‎2019年北京市中考英语试题 姓名准考证号考场号座位号 考 生 须 知 ‎1. 本试卷共10页，共五道大题，39道小题，满分60分，考试时问90分钟。‎ ‎2. 在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。‎ ‎3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。‎ ‎4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。‎ ‎5. 考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。‎ 知识运用(共1 4分)‎ 一、单项填空(共6分，每小题0.5分)‎ 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ 答案：1—5 BCADC ‎1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see .‎ ‎ A. her B. him C. it D. them 解析：Mr. Wang表示“王先生”，指男性，故用him。‎ ‎2. We planted some flowersthe garden yesterday.‎ ‎ A. on B. to C. in D. of 解析：指在花园里，介词用in。‎ ‎3. — Excuse me, is this T-shirt?‎ ‎ — It’s 88 yuan.‎ A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old 解析：：由答句可知，问句问的是价钱，故用how much。how many询问数量，修饰可数名词复数；how long询问长度；how old询问年龄。‎ ‎4. — Lily, _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes?‎ ‎ — Yes, I can.‎ A. must B. should C. need D. can 16‎ 解析：由答句中的“I can”可知，此处是问你能在10分钟之内完成这封信吗，故用can。‎ ‎5. This cap is nice,it doesn’t look good on me.‎ A. for B. so C. but D. or 解析：句意：这个帽子很漂亮，但我戴着它不好看。空格前后内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。‎ 答案：6—10 BADDA ‎6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.‎ A.patient B.more patient C.most patient D.the most patient 解析：由句子中的“than her brother”可推知，此处要用patient比较级。‎ ‎7. Samwith his friends every weekend.‎ A. skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating 解析：由时间状语“every weekend”可推知，句子要用一般现在时。‎ ‎8. — Tom, what’s your dad doing?‎ ‎ — He my bike.‎ A. repairs B. willrepair C. has repaired D. is repairing 解析：问句句意：汤姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由问句可知，答句要用现在进行时。‎ ‎9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.‎ A. changes B. changed C. willchange D. haschanged 解析：由句子中的时间状语“since 2017”可推知，句子要用现在完成时。‎ ‎10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, Itickets for you tomorrow.‎ A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking 解析：在if引导的条件句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。‎ 答案：11—12 CB ‎11. My advice on how to save paperby my class last Monday.‎ 16‎ A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted 解析：由句子中的时间状语“last Monday”可推知，句子要用一般过去时。‎ ‎12. — Did you noticein her office?‎ ‎— Yes. She was going over our writing.‎ A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does 解析：由答句可推知，问句要用过去进行时；又由空格处的内容在句子中作notice的宾语，‎ 如果宾语时句子，则要用陈序语序，故选B。‎ 二、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分)‎ 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。‎ Run for Class President Two months ago, when our class election(选举) started, I decided to run for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was ‎ 13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost.‎ I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t 14 but to show myclass why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the onethey could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was 15 prepared, I felt that my chances ofwinning were strong.‎ However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response(反应) wasn’t what I had ___16 . Few people actually listened. When it was my opponent’s(对手的)turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. ‎ 16‎ By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.‎ It was obvious who would 17 . For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.‎ My 18 was right: I didn’t win.‎ The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended(假装) not to hear. But later, things got better. People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.‎ I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build 20 —since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.‎ 答案：13—15 BCA ‎13. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. hopeful 解析：结合语境及短文倒数第二段可推知，此处指“我”害怕选举失败后，人们对我的感觉会不好。‎ ‎14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat 解析：结合空格前后的内容可推知，此处指“我”不会去承诺我不能完成的事。compare意为“比较”，remember意为“记住”，manage意为“完成（困难的事）；勉力完成”，repeat意为“重复”。‎ ‎15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically 解析：结合上文内容可推知，“我”为这次选举做了充分的准备。fully意为“充分地”，quickly意为“讯速地”，freshly意为“刚刚；新近”，physically意为“身体上”。‎ 答案：16—20 DDBAC ‎16. A. feared B. faced C. mentioned D. pictured 解析：结合第二段“我”的准备以及下文人们对“我”和“我”的对手演讲的不同表现可推知，（人们）的反应并不是我曾经想象的那样。fear意为“害怕”，face意为“面对”，mention意为“提到”，picture意为“想象；设想”。‎ ‎17. A. insist B. return C. wait D. win 解析：结合第三段人们对“我”和“我”的对手演讲的不同表现以及下文中的“I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.”可推知，此处指谁将会赢（得选举）是很明显的。‎ 16‎ ‎18. A. suggestion B. prediction C. direction D. introduction 解析：结合第四段内容以及下文“I didn’t win”可推知，此处指“我”的预测是正确的，我没有赢。suggestion意为“建议”，prediction意为“预测”，direction意为“方向”，introduction意为“介绍”。‎ ‎19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed 解析：结合下文“talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此处指人们似乎已经忘记了选举的事儿了。‎ ‎20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support 解析：结合下文“since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger”可推知，此处指像这样的失败时刻培养了我的性格。trust意为“信任”，pride意为“骄傲”，character意为“性格”，support意为“支持”。‎ 阅读理解(共36分)‎ 三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(共26分，每小题2分)‎ A Experiencing China Mike, Canada I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭) in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.‎ Joanna, Australia I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.‎ Bill, America 16‎ My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.‎ Cindy, Germany Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.‎ 答案：21—23 ACD ‎21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?‎ A. Mike. B. Joanna. C. Bill. D. Cindy.‎ 解析：由“Mike, Canada”部分的第四句可知答案。‎ ‎22.How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?‎ A. Three months. B. Four months.‎ C. Five months. D. Six months.‎ 解析：由“Joanna, Australia”部分的第一句可知答案。‎ ‎23. Cindy thinks her host sister is.‎ A. a wonderful cook B. a responsible doctor C. a warm-hearted teacher D. a hardworking student 解析：由“Cindy, Germany”部分的第三句可知答案。‎ B ‎ Blue Lightning 16‎ Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.‎ ‎“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”‎ A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”‎ Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.‎ After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”‎ ‎“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”‎ ‎“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.”‎ ‎“Very good!” Dad said.‎ ‎“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.‎ Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”‎ Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”‎ Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”‎ That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.‎ Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her ‎ 16‎ mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.‎ 答案：24—26 BAD ‎24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to.‎ A. practice driving B. enter for a race C. play with friends D. do some research 解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。‎ ‎25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?‎ A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest.‎ C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue.‎ 解析：由第四段的第一、二句可知答案。‎ ‎26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .‎ A. winning a race is important B. fishing brings us a lot of fun C. driving experience is necessary D. learning happens during the process 解析：通读全文可推知，Sally在制作go-kart的过程中学到了很多东西，故选D。‎ C ‎ Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.‎ One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.‎ It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new ‎ 16‎ experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.‎ How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.‎ Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.‎ Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.‎ To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.‎ 答案：27—29 BCA ‎27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .‎ A. going to bed on time B. traveling to new places C. having dinner as usual D. printing the same materials 解析：由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第一句可推知，我们可以通过去新的地方旅行来增加我们对时间的体验。‎ ‎28. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.‎ B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.‎ C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.‎ D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.‎ 解析：由第三段的后两句和第一段最后一句可推知，A、B这两个选项与文意不符。通读全 16‎ 文可推知，D项文中并未提及。由倒数第二段尤其是其最后一句可推知B项正确。‎ ‎29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Slow Down Time B. Only Time Will Tell C. Race Against Time D. Time Will Not Comc Twice 解析：通读全文可推知，文章主要是关于“让时间变慢”的。‎ D How Much Can We Afford to Forget?‎ In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?‎ Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?‎ Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.‎ Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies ‎ 16‎ in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.‎ In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.‎ We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.‎ 答案：30—33 BCAD ‎30. Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?‎ A. Because they go off course in testing and scoring.‎ B. Because we control the training process on them.‎ C. Because we offer them too much information.‎ D. Because they overuse the provided answers.‎ 解析：由第二段后两句可推知，通过重复的测试和挑选过程，智能机器被训练，而在这个过程当中，人类依然决定着什么会是正确答案，因此，当我们通过智能机器获取知识时，机受这些“由人类决定的正确答案”的影响，偏见就有可能会增多。‎ ‎31. The ease of accessing information from the Internet.‎ A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed C. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge D. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines 解析：由第四段后两句可推知，通过互联网知晓信息的便利会误导我们认为我们找到的信息就是我们一直以来都知道的信息的一部分。‎ 16‎ ‎32.The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “”.‎ A. a sudden failure B. the basic rule C. a disappointing start D. the gradual development 解析：结合画线词所在句以及其上一句可推知，此处指我们健康所依靠的网络中的任何一个突然崩溃或垮掉了，都会产生很糟糕的后果。collapse意为“崩溃；垮掉”。‎ ‎33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?‎ A. To question about the standards ofinformation storage.‎ B. To discuss our problems of communication with machines.‎ C. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.‎ D. To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.‎ 解析：通读全文可知，作者主要讲的是用机器记信息可能会产生的不良影响或后果，故D项符合题意。‎ 四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分，每小题2分)‎ Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋).Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.‎ The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.‎ On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.‎ ‎“We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝) around,” he remembers. ‎ 16‎ He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.‎ Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship’s navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.‎ The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.‎ Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.‎ ‎34. When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?‎ ‎35. Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?‎ ‎36. What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?‎ ‎37. How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?‎ ‎38. What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?‎ 答案：‎ ‎34. In May, 2010.‎ 解析：由第二段第一句可知答案。‎ ‎35. Because they wanted to study the icy waters.‎ 解析：由第二段最后一句可知答案。‎ ‎36. He moved the ship deeper into the ice.‎ 解析：由第五段第一句可知答案。‎ ‎37. More than 20 feet.‎ 16‎ 解析：由第六段第二、三句可知答案。‎ ‎38. The damage of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic.‎ 解析：通读第七段可知，这一段主要是关于巨浪对北极地区人和野生生物的伤害的。‎ 书面表达(共1 0分)‎ 五、文段表达(1 0分)‎ ‎39.从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。‎ 请不要写出你的校名和姓名。‎ 题目①‎ 假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展“安全月”宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情。请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法。‎ 提示词语：design, safety rule, careful, protect, picture 提示问题：●When should you hand in the poster?‎ ‎●What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster?‎ Dear Peter I’m glad to receive your email. ‎ If there is any more anything that I can help with, Please let me know. ‎ Yours ‎ Li Hua 题目②‎ 自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行。‎ 16‎ 某英文网站正在开展以“自律”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处。‎ 提示词语：self-disciplined(自律的), plan, goal, habit, improve 提示问题：●What did you do to be self-disciplined?‎ ‎ ●What benefits have you got from doing so?‎ Self-discipline plays an important role in our life. ‎ 答案：‎ 五、文段表达 题目①‎ As it is required, you are supposed to hand in the poster before next Friday.‎ Being your close friend, I am extremely willing to share some ideas about designing the poster with you. First and foremost, the basic safety rules are of great importance, which should be included in your poster. In the second place, following the safety rules is so meaningful and crucial that you had better remind your readers of its importance and advise them to be careful both in and out of school. Last but by no means least, if I were you, I would add a few suggestions about safety awareness, considering that better safe than sorry. In addition, it is a good idea for you to draw a few pictures on your poster so as to make it more lively and acceptable.‎ 题目②‎ To be honest, I am a person who is self-disciplined. I used to follow all kinds of rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school. And I could not only respected all my teachers but also get on well with my classmates. At home, I was able to balance housework and homework. I usually made a plan in advance to make it easier to achieve my goal. After finishing all the tasks, I developed the habit ‎ 16‎ of going to bed early and getting up early. In the society, I spared no effort to improve myself all the time.‎ In a word, I have benefited a lot from being self-discipline. First of all, I have had many good habits, which makes my life easier and more regular. Secondly, my life and my study have been of high efficiency so that a lot of time has been saved. Thirdly, being self-disciplined has prepared me for a better and brighter future. In the future, I will continue to be a self-disciplined person.‎ 16‎