宿迁专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题08动词和动词短语课件 28页

语法专题（八） 动词和动词短语 第二篇　语法专题突破 考点一　行为动词 行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类,能独立作句子的谓语。 1. 及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。 (正)Yesterday I bought a book. (误)Yesterday I bought. 2. 不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则 动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词,构成动词短语。 She cried yesterday. 她昨天哭了。 Please listen to the teacher carefully. 请认真听老师讲课。 3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语 连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词” 等。 I have lived in Beijing for 13 years. 我在北京已经住了13年了。 I have been like this since Friday. 从周五开始我就一直这样。 (2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状 语连用。 (误)I have bought the bike for three years. (正)I have had the bike for three years. 这辆自行车我买了三年了。 (3)常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 非延续性→延续性 非延续性→延续性 leave→be away borrow→keep buy→have begin/start→be on die→be dead finish→be over become→be marry→be married put on→wear go out→be out open→be open 考点二　系动词 　　系动词有be, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, become, get, turn, grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起使用,构成“系表结 构”,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行 时态。 类别 例词 例句 表示状态的系 动词 be My father is a teacher. 我的父亲是一位老师。 She is very kind. 她非常善良。 类别 例词 例句 表示持续的系 动词 keep, remain, lie, stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 我的爷爷奶奶每天早上锻炼来保持健康。 　感官系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste The milk tastes a little sour. 牛奶尝起来有点酸。 The flowers look very beautiful. 这些花看起来很漂亮。 类别 例词 例句 表示状态变化的 系动词 become, get, turn, go, grow In spring, trees begin to turn green. 春天,树开始变绿了。 In summer, food goes bad easily. 夏天,食物容易变质。 考点三　助动词 　　助动词主要有be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, would, shall, should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓 语。 We are working hard in the garden. 我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。(be动词构 成现在进行时) He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn't构成否定句) Do you live in Shanghai? 你住在上海吗? (do构成一般疑问句) Have you finished the work? 你完成工作了吗? (have构成现在完成时) The house was painted purple. 房子被刷成了紫色。(be动词构成被动语态) I will call you this evening. 今晚我会打电话给你。(will构成一般将来时) 考点四　情态动词 　　初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could, may/might, must, need, will/would, shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义,但不能单独使用,须与动词 原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式一般是在情态 动词后加not,其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。 分类 用法 例句 can 与 be able to ①两者都表示能力,意为 “能够;可以”。be able to可用于任何时态,can只 能用于一般现在时和一般 过去时 ②can和could(can的过去 式)还可以表示请求或推测 ③can't 可表示否定推测 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他们很快就能告诉你消息了。 —Could I have the television on? 我可以开着电视吗?(请求) —Yes, you can./No, you can't. 是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。 That can't be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。(推测) 分类 用法 例句 may与 might ①两者都表示“可能;可以; 请求;许可”,might的语气 较为委婉 ②might(may的过去式)有 三种用法：表示过去式;使 语气更加委婉、客气;表示 的可能性更小 —May I use your pen? 我能用你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you may./No, you mustn't/can't. 是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。 Might I borrow some money now? 现在我可以借点钱吗? He might be alive. 他可能还活着。 分类 用法 例句 have to 与must ①两者都表示“必须”。must表 示说话人的主观意愿;have to表示 客观需要 ②must可以表示肯定推测,意为 “一定,准是”,其否定形式为 mustn't,意为“禁止;不准;不许” ③ 对must构成的一般疑问句进行 回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.” ,否定回答用“No,…needn't.”或 “No,…don't/doesn't have to.” My brother was badly ill. I had to call the doctor. 我弟弟病得很重。我不得不把医生请来。 I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。 The man must be our teacher. 那个人一定是我们的老师。 (推测) You mustn't drive after drinking. 你酒后一定不要驾车。 —Must I go home now? 我必须现在回家吗? —No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必。 分类 用法 例句 shall与 should shall常用于第一人称, 表示 提建议或请求;should意为 “应该”,可用于各种人称, 强调义务或责任,也可表示 劝告或建议 Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?(提建议) You should study hard at school. 你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝告) will与 would will用于第二人称疑问句时, 表示征求意见或提建议; would为will的过去式,可 用于多种人称,表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。 Would you like to go shopping with me? 你愿意和我去购物吗? 分类 用法 例句 need ①need作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必 要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否 定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要;不 必”;对need构成的一般疑问句进行回 答时,肯定回答用“Yes,…must.”, 否定 回答用“No,…needn't” ②need 还可以用作实义动词,常用于以 下两种结构：need to do sth. 需要做 某事; need doing sth.某事需要被做 She needn't go there right now. 她现在没必要去那里。 —Need I come? 我需要来吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须来。 I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多。 My hair needs cutting. 我的头发该剪了。 【归纳】情态动词表推测的用法： 1. 在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may/might(可能),could(也许;或许),其中 must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。 2. 在否定句中一般用can't(不可能)。 3. 在疑问句中用can/could(可能)。 —Can the red sweater be Tom's? 这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗? —No, it can't. He can't stand red. 不, 不可能。他忍受不了红色。 考点五　动词短语 1. 动词+副词：常见的有take off, write down, hand in, fix up等。这类动词 短语的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称 代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。 Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。 2. 动词+介词：常见的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, laugh at, hear of, lead to, wait for等。 Don't laugh at the people who are in trouble. 不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。 3. 动词+名词：常见的有have fun, play sports, take place等。这类动词短 语相当于不及物动词。 This story took place three years ago. 这个故事发生在三年前。 4. 动词+副词+介词：常见的有look down upon, go on with, add up to, catch up with, do well in, run out of等。 Study hard, and you will catch up with your classmates. 努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。 5. 动词+名词+介词：常见的有take care of, pay attention to等。 She often takes care of her younger sister. 她经常照顾她的妹妹。 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅰ.单项选择 1. [2019·宿迁]—Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin? —You 　　　　go if you have finished your homework. A.must B.need C.should D.can 2. [2018·宿迁]—I saw John in the park this morning. —It 　　　　be him. He has gone to Hong Kong. A.can't B.can C.mustn't D.must 3. [2017·宿迁]—Is Mike coming to the fashion show tomorrow? —I'm not sure. He 　　　　not come. A.must B.can C.may D.should D A C 对 接 中 考 专 练 4. [2016·宿迁]I can't go with you. I 　　　　stay at home until my parents come back. A.can B.may C.must D.could 5. —Where are you going this month? —We　　　　 go to Hangzhou, but we're not sure. A.needn't B.must C.might D.mustn't 6. [2018·宿迁]This kind of pen 　　　　, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some. A.writes well B.writes good C.is written well D.is written good C C A 对 接 中 考 专 练 7. It's hot outside. 　　　　your jacket before you go out. A.Give up B.Turn on C.Put up D.Take off 8. [2017·宿迁]Andrew once tried to 　　　　a brighter light in his bedroom, but he failed in the end. A.put in B.put on C.put out D.put up 9. [2016·宿迁]Wearing white can help people 　　　　when they feel stressed. A.calm down B.write down C.break down D.turn down D A A 对 接 中 考 专 练 10. [2015·宿迁]UNICEF was 　　　　in 1946 to improve children's lives after World War Ⅱ. A.given up B.put up C.set up D.got up 11. [2014·宿迁]—Your trainers 　　　　colourful. —Yes. And they are popular among young people. A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look 12. [2014·宿迁]Don't 　　　　too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow. A.get up B.put up C.stay up D.wake up C D C 对 接 中 考 专 练 13. —Excuse me, madam. Would you please 　　　　the total cost of the trip? —All right, I will make it at once. A.give out B.look out C.take out D.work out 14. Many teenagers　　　　 the old and they often offer their seats to them on buses. A.depend on B.care for C.laugh at D.listen to 15. Time to go to bed.　　　　 your toys, Bill. A.Put away B.Put up C.Put out D.Put off D B A 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅱ.根据所给汉语完成下列句子,每空词数不限。 1. 伦敦因其有很多博物馆而闻名于世。 London 　　　　　　　　its many museums in the world. 2. 我想知道你是否对测试的结果感到满意。 I wanted to know whether you 　　　　　　　　 the result of the test or not. 3. 这部纪录片有助于我们近距离观察美国的学校生活。 This documentary helps us the school life in America. is famous for were satisfied with take a close look at 对 接 中 考 专 练 4. 很多人都同意专家的看法:燃放烟花对环境有害。 Many people agree with the idea of the experts that 　 fireworks is bad for the environment. 5. 别人说话时,你要耐心听,不要插嘴。 When others are speaking, you should listen patiently and don't 　　　　　　them. 6. 很高兴收到你的来信。 It's great to 　　　　　　you. 7. 近四十年来,中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have 　　　　　　　　in China in the past forty years. letting off cut in on hear from taken place 对 接 中 考 专 练 8. 生活充满了意料以外的事情。 Life 　　　　　 　　 　the unexpected. 9. 王叔叔两年前卖蔬菜谋生。 Uncle Wang 　　　　　　　　by selling vegetables two years ago. 10. 我离开的时候你介意帮我照看一下小狗吗? Would you mind 　　　　　　　 　my pet dog for me while I am away? is full of/is filled with made a living taking care of/looking after