中考英语语法复习专题13 情态动词复习课件 30页

情态动词 第一部分：基本知识 一、情态动词是什么？ 动词的类别 行为动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 能够独立做谓语 不能独立做谓语 掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、 愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。 二、情态动词的基本句型 陈述句 – 主 + 情态动词 + v 原 疑问句 – 情态动词 + 主 + v 原？ 考点：注意 may, must 疑问句的否定回答 否定句 -- 主 + 情态动词 not+ v 原 考点：注意 had better, need 两种词性 , ought to 的否定 三、常考的情态动词 can 能 ; 可能 ---could may 可以 --might must 必须 ; 一定 need 需要 --- 非标准情态动词 should----shall would---will had better used to 过去常常 Would rather 宁愿 ought to 应当 第二部分：常考情态动词 的三个“能” 能力 乐意 可能 can Can 是情态动词，不能独立做谓语 be able to 是系动词，能够独立做谓语 所有表示“意愿类题目”，都适用 Can/Could you give me some water? Must 肯定是（无否定）－－ｃａｎ可能是 1. He will __ finish it by himself. can/ may/ be able to/ 不填（多） 2. can you give me __ suggestion? another/ other/ the other/ others 3. She ___ run fast, but I can’t. may/ must/ need/ can 的两个意思 乐意 可能 may 肯定回答一般是： Yes, please./Certainly./ Sure 等， 否定回答一般是： Please don't./No ， you can't/mustn't. can 多用于 疑问句和否定句 ，表示怀疑或不相信等态度； 而 may 则多用于 陈述句（肯定）， 表示一种揣测。 He may be right 他可能对 He can’t be right 他不可能对 的两个意思 必须 肯定 must 肯定回答： yes, … must 否定回答： no, you needn’t/ no, you don’t have to can 多用于 疑问句和否定句 ，表示怀疑或不相信等态度； Must 表示推测时，不能用否定句 Don’t have to 不必 --- mustn’t 一定不能 —needn’t 不必 must 表必须有否定； 表肯定，不能用否定句 Must 的否定 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 　 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了 的两个词性 情态动词 行为动词 need You needn’t answer the question now. You don’t need ot answer the question now. Had better 最好 易错点： 错误理解为 had, 或 better 否定 解析： 你最好立刻就做 You had better do it right now. 你最好不要碰它 You had better not touch it. 的三个辨析 Used to Be used to doing Be used to do used to 过去常常（情态动词） He used to go shopping on weekends. 他过去常常周末去买东西 The Englishman isn’t used to driving on the right in China. Pens are used to write on paper. Would rather do….than do… 宁愿做 … 而不愿做 解析 : 宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式 1 、 prefer to do….rather than do… 宁愿做 … 而不愿做 …( 动词词组 ) 例 :I prefer to swim rather than stay at home. 我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里 2 、 would rather do….than do… 宁愿做 … 而不愿做 …( 动词词组 ) 例 :I would rather swim than stay at home. 我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里 3 、 prefer…to… I prefer dogs to cats. 相对于猫 . 我更喜欢狗 . Would rather 是情态动词，否定为 would rather not do… 第三部分：情态动词与助动词 Can 与 could 的相同与不同 Can 能力 – he said: “I can do that.” 乐意 – can I help you? 可能 —It cann’t be rain y Could 能力 , 是 can 的过去式 —He said that he could do that . 表乐意 ,could 可独立一词 .Could I go with you? (will—would; shall –should 于此相似 ) Will 只用于将来时 , he will come tomorrow shall, will 用来征求对方意见， shall 用于第一人称， will 用于第二人称，用来表示意愿； shall 用于第二、第三人称， will 用于第一人称。 Would 过去将来时，是 will 的过去式 .He said that he would come tomorrow. 表乐意 Would you like…? 虚拟语气 1. The doctor suggested that he __ the medicine 3 times a day. 多 Take/ took/ takes/ should take 解析 Suggest/advice that 主 +should +v 原 。 考点 : should 省略；给时态迷惑 2. She would leave the city if the rain __. Stops/ would stop/ stopped/ stopping 解析 : 1 判断 would--- 过去时，从句也用过去时 2 主句过去将来， if 从句用一般过去 3.The patient knew that he __ the wrong mdicine. take/ took/ takes/ should take 第四部分：真题解析与练习 1 ． must 和 have to 【 考例 】--Must we finish giving out the posters today? --Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer. [ 太原市 ] A. can                  B. may                  C. must [ 答案 ]C 。 [ 解析 ] 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由 must 引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用 must ，不能用 can 或 may 。故选 C 。 -I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently. --I agree. You  __  play like that any more. [ 河南省 ] A. needn't           B. mustn't         C. may not         D. wouldn't [ 答案 ]B 。 [ 解析 ] 此处选 mustn't 。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。 When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait. [ 南京市 ] A. may        B. can            C. must            D. might. [ 答案 ]C 。 [ 解析 ] 考查情态动词， must 必须，表示禁止。 2 ． can 和 could --Could I borrow your dictionary? --Of course you ____________.[ 陕西省 ] A. can          B. must        C. should       D. will [ 答案 ]A 。 [ 解析 ] 上文的 could 并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用 can 更礼貌些。 --Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom? --No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris. [ 长沙市 ] A. may not       B. needn't        C. can't [ 答案 ]C 。 [ 解析 ] 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。 一 Mary ， __________you speak Chinese? 一 Yes ， only a little ．     [ 北京市 ] A must         B need       C may  D ． can [ 答案 ]D 。 [ 解析 ] 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗 ?…“ 是的，会一点”。故选 D 。 can 表示能够 1Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would         B. might          C. should         D. could [ 答案 ]C 。 [ 解析 ] 此处用情态动词 should 的用法。 should 表示“应当 …‘ 应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。 2.Bob ， may I __your MP4? 一 Sure ． But you'd better not _________it to others ． [A.lend ； lend    B lend ； borrow   C borrow ； borrow   D.borrow ； lend [ 答案 ]D 。 [ 解析 ] 本题考查动词 borrow 和 lend 的区别 . 由语境可判断前者是借入，用 borrow 后者是借出，用 lend 。 3.--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?     --I would rather __ at home than  __ football. It's too hot outside. A. stay; playing      B. stay; play    C. to stay; to play   D. to stay; playing [ 答案 ] ： A 。 [ 解析 ] 本题考查了 would rather 的固定短语的应用。 Would rather do A than do B 和做 B 比起来，宁愿做 A 。 www.3edu.net 4.He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to   at night. A. read, read  B. reading, read   C. read, reading     D. reading, reading [ 答案 ] ： C 。 [ 解析 ] 考查固定结构的用法。 Used 后接动词不定时， be used to 后接动名词。故选 C 。 5.You ________do it if you really don't want to. A. needn't      B. mustn't   C. can't    D. couldn't [ 答案 ]A 。 [ 解析 ] 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为 A 项。 6.--May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?             --Yea, of course. You ___________finish it today. A. must       B. mustn't     C. needn't [ 答案 ]C 。 [ 解析 ] 思路分析：根据句意可知， needn’t 不必 7.You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. A. can       B. may     C. must     D. need [ 答案 ]C 。 [ 解析 ] 本题考查情态动词 must ， can ， may8need 的区别。情态动词 must 在此表示肯定的推测。 8. 一 Look at the boy running on the ground ． Is it Davis?   ——It ____be him ． I saw him go to the teacher's office just now ． A ． must        B can't       C ． could       D ． might [ 答案 ]B 。 [ 解析 ] 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用 can't 。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。 1._________I open the window?It's hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would 2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _________tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could 3._________you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might 4.—_________I try out all the ideas? —No,you _________. A. Must, mustn't  B.Need,need C.Must,don't have to D.Must,don't 5._________I speak to Mr Green ， please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would  B A B C B 课时训练 9.He said Kate _____come to the party.But I don't think so. A.could B.might C.need D.must 10.—Need I do my lessons right now? —Yes,you_________. A.need B.can C.should D.must 11.—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? —I'd love to.But I'm afraid I___.I have too much work to do. A.can't B. mustn't C. needn't D.may not 12.To make our city more beautiful ， rubbish_________into the river. A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown C.can't throw D. may not throw  B D A B 课时训练 10.Don't worry! We can get to the bus station in time and _________the early bus. A. don't miss B. can miss C. will miss D. won't miss 11.—Please don't make any noise in the reading room. —_________ A. Sorry, I won't. B. Sorry, I can't. C. Yes, I won't. D.OK,I didn't. 12.—Must I return your digital camera tomorrow. Tina? —No, you_________. A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. won't A C D 课时训练  13.—Would you like some more? —_________I'm full. A.Yes,please. B.I'd love to. C.No,I wouldn't. D.No,thanks. 14.You_________swim in this part of the lake. It's dangerous. A. mustn't B.may not C. needn't D.won't 15.—Your e-mail address again? I______quite catch it. —Hr Zhou @ 263.com. A.don't B.can't C.won't D. didn't A D D 课时训练