中考英语复习专题十　句子类型 100页

专题十　句子类型 时态 ① 主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。 ② 主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式。 ③ 从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 语序 从句一律用陈述语序 连接词 ① that 在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略。 I know(that) Kate is good at swimming. 我知道 Kate 擅长游泳。 ② 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词。 Please tell me where you are going? 请告诉我你要去哪儿？ ③ 含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用 whether 或 if 连接。 Tom asked me if/whether I liked watching TV. 汤姆问我是否喜欢看电视。 直接引语 引导词 间接引语 陈述句 that( 可省略 ) 语序不变 一般疑问句 if/whether 疑问语序改为陈述语序 特殊疑问句 wh 类词 疑问语序改为陈述语序 祈使句 若为动词不定式，同时将主句中的 say to sb. 改为 ask/tell ，构成 ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth. 句式 专题训练 1 ． I don't understand ________ such a silly question in class yesterday. A ． why did John ask B ． why John asked C ． why is John asking D ． why John asks 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 、 C ；由 yesterday 可知，从句用一般过去时。 答案： B 2 ． Please tell me________ to improve my English. A ． what I can do B ． what can I do C ． how I can do D ． how can I do 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除 B 和 D ， C 选项不符合句意。故选 A 。 答案： A 3 ． (2015· 克拉玛依 ) This morning my mother asked me ________. A ． why he is not here B ． where Julia went last weekend C ． what time is it D ． how did my brother do it 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 C 和 D ；由主句时态可知，从句要用一般过去时，故选 B 。 答案： B 4 ． —Do you know ________ the meeting? —Tomorrow morning. A ． when they had B ． when they are going to have C ． when did they have D ． when are they going to have 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。由答语 Tomorrow morning 可知时态为一般将来时，故排除 A 和 C ；宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选 B 。 答案： B 5 ． —It's surprising that he got such a high mark! —Yes. I wonder ________ it. A ． how did he do B ． how he did C ． why did he do D ． that he did 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除 A 、 C 两项。再由 wonder 可知，此处是问如何做到的，故选 B 。 答案： B 6 ． (2015· 德州 ) Everyone ________ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. A ． why B ． whose C ． who D ． which 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词 everyone 是人，故用 who 引导定语从句。 答案： C 7 ． Our hometown has changed a lot these years. These pictures can show you ________ in the past. A ． what our hometown looked like B ． what was our hometown like C ． how our hometown looked like 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除 B ；和 look like 搭配的疑问词是 what ，故选 A 。 答案： A 8 ． (2015· 汕尾 ) I hate people ________ laugh at others when they are in trouble. A ． who B ． whom C ． which D ． they 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词 people 是人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用 who 引导定语从句。 答案： A 9 ． —What are you looking for? —I'm looking for the watch________ I bought yesterday. A ． which 　　 B ． who 　　　 C ． whose 【 解析 】 考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。句中的先行词是物，故用 which 引导定语从句。 答案： A 10 ． (2015· 济宁 ) —Did you have a good time in Jining? —Come and have a look. My photos will show you ________. A ． how was the trip B ． why did we go there C ． how we went there D ． what the trip was like 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 B ，由句意可知选 D 。 答案： D 11 ． (2015· 龙东 ) Sandy likes the actors ________ are popular among teenagers. A ． who 　　 B ． which 　　　 C ． whom 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词 actors 是人，且作从句的主语，故用 who 引导定语从句。 答案： A 12 ． (2015· 菏泽 ) ________ you drive, you mustn't drink wine at all. A ． If 　　 B ． Unless 　　　 C ． Though 【 解析 】 考查条件状语从句。句意为 “ 如果你开车的话，一定不要喝酒 ” ，故选 A 。 答案： A 13 ． The first thing ________my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. A ． which B ． that C ． why D ． who 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。因先行词 “ thing ” 表事物又被序数词修饰，故使用关系代词 that 引导定语从句，故选 B 。 答案： B 14 ． (2015· 济宁 ) Tom failed in the exam again ________ he tried his best. A ． if B ． unless C ． though D ． because 【 解析 】 考查让步状语从句。句意为 “ 尽管汤姆尽力了，但他考试还是没及格 ” 。 though “ 尽管 ” ，故选 C 。 答案： C 15 ． (2015· 常州 ) —Jenny, will you leave for the USA now? —No. It will be two weeks ________ I leave here. A ． until B ． since C ． before D ． when 【 解析 】 考查时间状语从句。根据句意 Jenny 不会现在动身去美国，所以应该是在走前还有两个星期， until “ 直到 …… 为止 ” ； since “ 自 …… 以来 ” ； before “ 在 …… 之前 ” ； when “ 当 …… 时 ” 。故选 C 。 答案： C 16 ． (2015· 呼和浩特 ) —Could you please tell me ____________________________? —About twenty minutes ago. A ． when did you see this kid B ． where did you see this kid C ． when you saw this kid D ． where you saw this kid 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 B ，由答语 “ 大约 20 分钟之前 ” 可知询问时间，故选 C 。 答案： C 17 ． Everyone can play an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do ______. A ． what we should do B ． what should we do C ． how we should do D ． how should we do 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，故排除 B 、 D 两项；根据句意 “ 我们应该尽最大的努力做好我们该做的 ” 可知选 A 。 答案： A 18 ． (2015· 苏州 ) —Excuse me, could you tell me ____________________? —In five minutes. A ． how soon will the film begin B ． how soon the film will begin C ． how long the film has been on D ． how long has the film been on 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 D ，由答语 “ 5 分钟之后 ” 可知选 B 。 答案： B 19 ． Yesterday Li Ming went to the village________ his family lived ten years ago. A ． when B ． which C ． where D ． that 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示地点的 village ，所以首先排除表示时间的 A 项；选项 B 应该用 in which, 选项 D 应在原句 lived 后加 in 。故选 C 。 答案： C 20 ． (2015· 盐城 ) In the UK, a lady usually doesn't like to be asked ________. A ． whether has she got married B ． how old is she C ． where she comes from D ． how much she weighs 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 B ；再结合西方习俗应选 D 。 答案： D 21 ． —Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? —Sure, I'll give it to her ________she arrives here. A ． before B ． until C ． because D ． as soon as 【 解析 】 考查引导状语从句的连词。 before “ 在 …… 之前 ” ； until “ 直到 …… 为止 ” ； because “ 因为 ” ； as soon as “ 一 …… 就 ” 。由句意 “ 她一到这儿我就给她 ” 可知选 D 。 答案： D 22 ． (2015· 南京 ) You'd better travel around Nanjing with a local tour guide ________ you want to know more about its culture. A ． unless B ． until C ． although D ． if 【 解析 】 考查状语从句的连接词。 unless “ 除非 ” ； until “ 直到 ” ； although “ 虽然 ” ； if “ 如果 ” 。结合句意 “ 如果想要了解更多南京的文化，最好有一名当地的导游陪同游览 ” 可知选 D 。 答案： D 23 ． —Excuse me. Could you tell me________ ？ —Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left. A ． where is the museum B ． which is the way to the museum C ． how far is the museum D ． how can I get to the museum 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。特殊疑问句作宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选 B 。 答案： B 24 ． (2015· 广州 ) The stories ________ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A ． that B ． those C ． who D ． what 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词是 the stories 指物，用 that 引导定语从句，故选 A 。 答案： A 25 ． (2015· 河南 ) —Why don't you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby __________ needs much patience, but I'm not patient at all. A ． who B ． that C ． it D ． what 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。 hobby 为定语从句的先行词，指物，空格处所填词在从句中作主语，故应用 that 作为定语从句的引导词。故选 B 。 答案： B 26 ． (2015· 广州 ) Could you tell me ________ a moment ago? A ． what were they talking about B ． what are they talking about C ． what they were talking about D ． what they are talking about 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 B 。由句中 ago 可知，从句动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故选 C 。 答案： C 27 ． People ________ overweight need more water than thin people. A ． who is B ． which are C ． that is D ． who are 【 解析 】 考查定语从句。先行词 people 是人且是复数形式，关系代词用 who ，且谓语动词用复数形式 are ，故应选 D 。 答案： D 28 ． —Do you know the man ________ is talking to Mr Li? —He is our new headmaster. A ． that 　　 B ． which 　　　 C ． what 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词 man 是人，故引导词用 that 。 答案： A 29 ． —Hey! Mike, guess________ for my coming vacation. —To Hainan Island? You always like somewhere interesting. A ． what I will take B ． where I'm going C ． when I will leave D ． who I'm going with 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。由答语句意可知谈论的是地点，故 B 项正确。 答案： B 30 ． (2015· 青岛 ) —I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? —Usually it comes by 4 ： 00 p ． m. A ． how B ． where C ． when D ． what 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句的连接词。由答语 “ by 4 ： 00 p ． m. ” 可知用 when “ 什么时候 ” 作引导词。 答案： C 31 ． (2015· 天津 ) __________ the dinner was all over, everyone helped wash the dishes. A ． How B ． When C ． Before D ． Why 【 解析 】 考查时间状语从句。句意为 “ 当晚饭结束的时候，大家都帮着洗刷盘子 ” 。故选 B 。 答案： B 32 ． (2015· 青岛 ) I wonder ________. A ． how will you celebrate Thanksgiving B ． that the Water Festival is really fun C ． what do people eat on the MidAutumn Festival D ． whether you will make resolutions on New Year's Day 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 C 。 “ wonder ＋ if/whether ＋宾语从句 ” 是固定用法。故选 D 。 答案： D 33 ． It's hard to believe ________ the way out of the forest without the help of the local guide. A ． what they were able to find B ． what were they able to find C ． how they were able to find D ． how were they able to find 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除 B 和 D ；由句意 “ 难以相信，他们没有当地人作向导如何走出这森林 ” 可知选 C 。 答案： C 34 ． (2015· 沈阳 ) Do you know ________ ？ I want to see a funny film. A ． where the cinema is B ． where is the cinema C ． where the cinema was D ． where was the cinema 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 B 和 D 。 “ 电影院在哪儿 ” 是客观事实，用一般现在时，故选 A 。 答案： A 35 ． Father won't allow me to play outside________ I wash up the dishes. A ． if not B ． if C ． unless D ． because 【 解析 】 考查连词的用法。句意为 “ 如果我不洗刷盘子的话，爸爸就不让我出去玩 ” ，故选 C 。 答案： C 36 ． (2015· 张家界 ) I like sweetandsour pork ribs ( 糖醋排骨 )________ my mother cooks. A ． that B ． who 　　　 C ． what 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意为 “ 我喜欢我妈妈烧的糖醋排骨。 ” 糖醋排骨是物，所以用 that 引导定语从句，故选 A 。 答案： A 37 ． The shop ________ sells flowers is at the end of the street. A ． who 　　 B ． where 　　　 C ． which 【 解析 】 考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词 the shop( 商店 ) 是物，应使用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。故选 C 。句意为 “ 卖花的那家商店在街道的尽头 ” 。 答案： C 38 ． (2015· 益阳 ) I don't know ________. A ． where she comes from B ． how old is she C ． when was she born 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 B 和 C 。故选 A 。 答案： A 39 ． We are going to Zhangjiajie for summer vacation ________it's not so expensive. A ． but 　　 B ． because 　　　 D ． though 【 解析 】 句意为 “ 我们将去张家界度暑假，因为那不是很贵 ” 。前后两句是因果关系，用 because 引导从句。 答案： B 40 ． (2015· 长沙 ) ________ he had failed many times, he didn't give up and succeeded in the end. A ． Unless 　　 B ． Although 　　　 C ． If 【 解析 】 考查引导让步状语从句的连词。句意为 “ 尽管他失败了许多次，但他没有放弃，最后成功了 ” 。 although “ 尽管 ” ，故选 B 。 答案： B 41 ． (2015· 潍坊 ) I wonder ________ the idea to Daming.He still looks angry. A ． if have you mentioned B ． what have you mentioned C ． if you have mentioned D ． what you have mentioned 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，由此可排除 A 和 B 。由句意 “ 我想知道你是否已经向大明提过这个想法了。他看起来仍然很生气。 ” 可知选 C 。 答案： C 42 ． (2015· 襄阳 ) —Can you tell me ________ ？ —Sure. He lives on Center Street. A ． where does he live B ． where he lives C ． why he lives there D ． what does he do 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 D 。由答语 “ 他住在中心街 ” 可知询问地点，故选 B 。 答案： B 43 ． —Mum, summer holiday is coming. I wonder ________________________________. —How about Qinling Wildlife Park? A ． where can we go B ． where we can go C ． how we can go D ． how can we go 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 D ；结合答语 “ 去秦岭野生动物园怎么样？ ” 可知答案为 B 。 答案： B 44 ． (2015· 武汉 ) —What did your teacher say just now? —He asked me ________. A ． how could I work it out B ． when did I go to the library C ． why I am late for school D ． if I had got ready for the exam 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 B 。由主句时态可知从句也要用一般过去时。故选 D 。 答案： D 45 ． —David, could you tell me ________. —Every four years. A ． when the 2014 World Cup will finish B ． how often the World Cup takes place C ． how many teams take part in the World Cup D ． who may score the most goals in the 2014 World Cup 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。由 Every four years 可知，问句询问的是频率，疑问词用 how often 。 答案： B 46 ． (2015· 常州 ) —I'm going to give a talk on the Dragon Boat Festival to the exchange students. —Great! But don't forget to tell them ________. A ． what should they eat at the festival B ． why people enjoy the full moon C ． what kind of race is often held D ． how do people celebrate it 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A 和 D 。再根据常识可知龙舟节跟欣赏满月没有关系，排除 B 。故选 C 。 答案： C 47 ． (2015· 六盘水 ) —Could you tell me ________ at the meeting? —Sorry, I didn't go to the meeting. A ． what he said B ． what did he say C ． what he says D ． what does he say 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 B 、 D ；由答语可知会议已经结束，故应该用一般过去时。故选 A 。 答案： A 48 ． (2015· 广东 ) —Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. —Only when she __________ copying this report. A ． finishes B ． finish C ． finished D ． will finish 【 解析 】 由上句 “ Sir ， Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office.( 先生，珍妮想知道她什么时候可以离开办公室。 ) ” 可推知，下句应意为 “ 只有当她抄完这份报告时 ” 。下句表示将来的意义，但在 when 引导的时间状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时表将来。从句的主语 she 是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故选 A 。 答案： A 49 ． Why not look up the new word in a dictionary __________you don't know it? A ． if B ． that C ． though D ． whether 【 解析 】 句意为 “ 如果你不知道的话，为什么不到字典中去查查这个新单词呢？ ” if “ 如果，是否 ” ，可用于引导条件状语从句或宾语从句； that 用于引导宾语从句或定语从句； though “ 尽管 ” ，用于引导让步状语从句； whether “ 是否 ” ，用于引导宾语从句。结合句意可知选 A 。 答案： A 50 ． Read this article, ________ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money. A ． or B ． and C ． but D ． so 【 解析 】 句意为 “ 读一读这篇文章吧，你会懂得不是一切都可以用钱买到的 ” 。根据 “ 肯定祈使句， and ＋一般将来时态的肯定句 ” 结构可知答案为 and 。 答案： B