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中考数学基础题强化提高测试 10
总分 70 分 时间 35 分钟
一、选择题(本大题 5 小题,每小题 4 分,共 20 分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,
请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑.
1. 4 的算术平方根是( )
A. 2 B. 2 C. 2 D. 2
2.计算 3 2( )a 结果是( )
A. 6a B. 9a C. 5a D. 8a
3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )
A. B. C. D.
4.《广东省 2009 年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资 726 亿元,用科学记数
法表示正确的是( )
A. 107.26 10 元 B. 972.6 10 元 C. 110.726 10 元 D. 117.26 10 元
5.方程组 2 2
3 0
10
x y
x y
的解是( )
A. 1
1
1
3
x
y
2
2
1
3
x
y
B. 1 2
1 2
3 3
1 1
x x
y y
C. 1 2
1 2
3 3
1 1
x x
y y
D. 1 2
1 2
1 1
3 3
x x
y y
二、填空题:(本大题 5 小题,每小题 4 分,共 20 分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置
上.
6.分解因式 2 2 3 3x y x y .
7.已知 O⊙ 的直径 8cmAB C , 为 O⊙ 上的一点, 30BAC °,则
BC = cm .
8.一种商品原价 120 元,按八折(即原价的 80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.
9.在一个不 透明的布袋中装有 2 个白球和 n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出
第 7 题图
A
C
B
O
一个球,摸到黄球的概率是 4
5
,则 n _____________.
10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖块,
第 n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含 n 的代数式表示).
……
(1) (2) (3)
三、解答题(一)(本大题 5 小题,每小题 6 分,共 30 分)
11.( 6 分)计算: 1 9 sin30 π+32
0°+( ) . 12.( 6 分)解方程 2
2 1
1 1x x
13.(本题满分 6 分)如图所示, ABC△ 是等边三角形,D 点是 AC 的中点,延长 BC 到 E ,使CE CD ,
(1)用尺规作图的方法,过 D 点作 DM BE ,垂足是 M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹);
(2)求证: BM EM .
14.(本题满分 6 分)已知:关于 x 的方程 22 1 0x kx
(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;
(2)若方程的一个根是 1 ,求另一个根及 k 值.
第 10 题图
A
CB
D
E
第 13 题图
15.(本题满分 6 分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即
线段 AB ),经测量,森林保护中心 P 在 A 城市的北偏东30°和 B 城市的北偏西 45°的方向上,已知
森林保护区的范围在以 P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不
会穿越保护区,为什么?(参考数据: 3 ≈1.732,2 ≈1.414 )
参考答案
一、选择题(本大题 5 小题,每小题 4 分,共 20 分)
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D
二、填空题(本大题 5 小题,每小题 4 分,共 20 分)
6. ( )( 3)x y x y 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,3 1n
三、解答题(一)(本大题 5 小题,每题 6 分,共 30 分)
11.解:原式= 1 13 12 2
···················································································· 4 分
=4.·································································································6 分
12.解:方程两边同时乘以 ( 1)( 1)x x ,································································2 分
2 ( 1)x ,····································································································· 4 分
3x ,············································································································5 分
经检验: 3x 是方程的解.·················································································6 分
13.解:(1)作图见答案 13 题图,
30°
A B
FE
P
45°
第 15 题图
A
CB
D
E
M
···························································· 2 分
(2) ABC△ 是等边三角形, D 是 AC 的中点,
BD 平分 ABC (三线合一),
2ABC DBE .·························································································· 4 分
CE CD ,
CED CDE .
又 ACB CED CDE ,
2ACB E .·······························································································5 分
又 ABC ACB ,
2 2DBC E ,
DBC E ,
BD DE .
又 DM BE ,
BM EM .··································································································· 6 分
14.解:(1) 22 1 0x kx ,
2 24 2 ( 1) 8k k ,··············································································· 2 分
无论 k 取何值, 2k ≥0 ,所以 2 8 0k ,即 0 ,
方程 22 1 0x kx 有两个不相等的实数根.·························································3 分
(2)设 22 1 0x kx 的另一个根为 x ,
则 1 2
kx , 1( 1) 2x ,···············································································4 分
解得: 1
2x , 1k ,
22 1 0x kx 的另一个根为 1
2
, k 的值为 1.······················································ 6 分
15.解:过点 P 作 PC AB ,C 是垂足,
则 30APC °, 45BPC °,······································2 分
tan30AC PC °, tan 45BC PC °,
AC BC AB ,························································· 4 分
tan30 tan 45 100PC PC ° ° ,
3 1 1003 PC
,···················································· 5 分
50(3 3) 50 (3 1.732) 63.4 50PC ≈ ≈ ,
答:森林保护区的中心与直线 AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护
区.··················································································································· 6 分
答案 15 题图
A B
FE
P
C