人教版四年级数学下册第3单元运算定律加法运算定律教学课件 29页

加法运算定律运算定律人教版四年级数学下册 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com在加法算式30+20=50中，30、20和50分别叫什么？30和20叫做加数、50叫做它们的和。复习导入一 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com根据所给的条件，你能提出什么数学问题吗？1探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com李叔叔今天一共骑了多少千米？40+5656+4056+40=9640+56=96=上午和下午的路程和是多少？得数是一样的。下午和上午的路程和是多少？探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com请同学们开动脑筋再想一些类似的算式+=++=+探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com观察每组算式等号两边有什么相同点和不同点？数没变，符号没有变，只是加数位置发生了变化。问题：1.像这样的算式你写的完么？探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com请大家用自己喜欢的方式表示加法交换律。问题：2.这些算式有什么共同的特点？这就叫做加法交换律。两个数相加，交换加数的位置，和不变。探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com通常我们数学上可以用字母表示数。今天我们就选字母a和b来表示两个加数。a表示第一个加数，b表示第二个加数。用字母就可以表示成：a+b=b+a比如：+=+探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com这里有三组算式，在○里填上适当的符号。(12+13)+14○12+(13+14)(30+28)+60○30+(28+60)(320+150)+230○320+(150+230)观察这三个等式，它们有什么相同的地方？===探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com等号左右两边的算式在运算顺序上有什么不同？但它们的结果怎样？从以上问题你发现了什么规律？(12+13)+14○12+(13+14)(30+28)+60○30+(28+60)(320+150)+230○320+(150+230)===大家发现的这个规律我们把它叫做加法结合律。探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com三个数相加，先把前两个数相加，或者先把后两个数相加，和不变。这叫做加法结合律。(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)字母a、b、c分别表示三个加数，那么加法结合律表示为=（+）++（+）探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com这三天一共骑了多少路程？88+104＋962探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com怎样计算比较简便?要应用什么运算定律?方法188＋104＋96=192+96=288探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com方法288＋104＋96＝88＋（104＋96）＝88+200=288→应用加法结合律上边两种方法在应用运算定律方面有什么不同?第一道是按从左到右的顺序计算，而第二道应用了加法结合律。探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com加法结合律不止限于三个数相加，可以把它们推广到四个和四个以上的数相加。探索新知二 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com3578＋＝43＋1.根据加法交换律填空。3004378a300＋600＝600＋＋65＝65＋35a＋12＝12＋巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com2.应用加法交换律，用线连一连。28＋5679＋O۞＋69۞＋O56＋28O＋7969＋۞O＋۞巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com3.应用加法交换律在下面填上适当的数。29+17=+29128+=15++=323+18654+x=+1712815323186x54巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com4.填空。（1）一个数加0，还得（）。（2）两个加数（）位置，（）不变，这叫做加法（）。交换和交换律这个数巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com5.下面各等式哪些符合加法交换律？符合的画“√”。（1）276+124=180+220（）（2）a+20=400+a（）（3）550+240=240+550（）（4）a+c=c+a（）√√巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com6832704（25＋68）＋32＝25＋（＋）130＋（70＋4）＝（130＋）＋6.根据加法结合律填空。巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com7.学生先思考，然后指名回答，并说出错的原因。下面各题计算中应用了什么运算定律：（1）283+152+48=283+（152+48）=283+200=483加法结合律巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com（2）154+87+246+13=154+246+87+13=（154+246）+（87+13）=400+100=500先应用了加法交换律，又应用了加法结合律。巩固练习三 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com两个数相加，交换加数的位置，和不变，这叫做加法交换律。用字母可以表示为：a+b=b+a三个数相加，先把前两个数相加，或者先把后两个数相加，和不变，这叫做加法结合律。用字母表示为：（a+b）+c=a+（b+c）。课堂小结四 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com课后练习五 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com课后练习五 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com3678135296＋7813529636问题：观察一下，表中的数有什么特点？3.先计算，再填表。72114171332374431592213270431156213374114171332课后练习五 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com4.新风商场第一季度电器销售情况统计表。13378481118课后练习五 www.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.comwww.youyi100.com课后练习五