中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题10　动词的时态 5页

专题十　动词的时态 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 ‎2019年毕节中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年毕节中考对动词的时态的考查仍是重点，倾向于考查动词时态在具体语境中的用法，主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现，考查的小题数约3—4道。‎ ‎2019‎ 动词时态和语态的用法 in 1973用一般过去时 ‎25‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 动词时态的用法 since 2019用现在完成时 ‎29‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 动词时态的用法 It's six o'clock in the morning.用现在进行时 ‎30‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 动词时态的用法 every day用于一般现在时 ‎24‎ ‎1‎ 动词时态和语态的用法 last year用于一般过去时 ‎25‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 动词时态的用法 现在完成时have been与have gone的用法区别 ‎22‎ ‎1‎ 毕节中考考点突破 ‎　动词的时态 ‎1．常见的八种时态的构成及用法 名称 用法 动词形式 ‎(以do为例)‎ 常用时 间状语 例句 一般 现在 时 现在的状态；‎ 经常性或习惯性的动作；‎ 主语具备的性格或能力 I/We/You/They do…‎ He/She/It does…‎ in the morning/‎ afternoon/evening twice a month every day/morning on Sundays always，usually，often，sometimes I get up at 6：30 every day.我每天六点半起床。‎ She likes swimming.她喜欢游泳。‎ 一般 过去 时 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态；过去经常或反复发生的动作 I/We/You/He/She/It/They did…‎ yesterday(morning/afternoon)‎ last night/Sunday in 1990‎ two days ago just now I got up at 6：30 yesterday.我昨天六点半起床。‎ He always went to work by bus last year.他去年经常乘公交去上班。‎ 一般 将来 时 将来某时间要发生的动作或存在的状态；将来经常或反复发生的动作 I shall do…‎ I'm going to do…‎ We/You/They/He/She/It will do…‎ We/You/They are going to do…‎ He/She/It is going to do…‎ tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening)‎ next year/month/week in the future soon from now on I will go to my ‎ hometown next week.我下周将会去我的家乡。‎ I'm going to swim tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午将会去游泳。‎ 续表 名称 用法 动词形式 ‎(以do为例)‎ 常用时 间状语 例句 现在 I'm doing…‎ now ‎ at present Are they working ‎ 进行 时 现在或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作 He/She/It is doing…‎ We/You/They are doing…‎ Look!‎ Listen！‎ now？他们正在工作吗？‎ Look！They are playing basketball.看！他们正在打篮球。‎ 过去 进行 时 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 I/He/She/It was doing…‎ We/You/They were doing…‎ this time yesterday at ten o'clock yesterday at that time when he came back at that moment We were reading books in class this time yesterday.昨天的这个时间我们正在教室读书。‎ I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候我正在画画。‎ 现在 完成 时 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果；表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态 He/She/It has done…‎ We/You/They have done…‎ already，yet，just，before，never，ever for three years since 1990‎ since I was born these days in the past five years so far We have known each other for ten years.我们认识彼此有十年了。‎ Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾去过北京吗？‎ 续表 名称 用法 动词形式 ‎(以do为例)‎ 常用时 间状语 例句 过去 完成 时(近 五年 未考)‎ 过去某一时间前已经发生的动作或状态 I/We/You/He/She/It had done…‎ by the end of…‎ when＋一般过去时 before＋一般过去时 I had learned 2，000 words by the end of last term.到上学期期末，我已经学了2019个单词。‎ When I got out，the bus had already left.当我出门的时候，公交车已经开走了。‎ 现在 完成 进行 时(近 五年 未考)‎ 过去的一段时间里一直进行的动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能继续进行下去 I/We/You/They have been doing…‎ He/She/It has been doing…‎ since nine o'clock ‎ for five hours I have been skating for five hours.我已经滑冰五个小时了。‎ She has been skating since nine o'clock.她从九点钟开始就一直在滑冰。‎ ‎2.动词的五种基本形式变化表 形式 构成 例词 动词原形 没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式 be，do，have，come 第三人称 单数 一般在动词原形后直接加s work—works read—reads 以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加es go—goes wash—washes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加es fly—flies study—studies 规则动词 的过去式 与过去 分词 一般在动词原形后直接加ed work—worked—worked stay—stayed—stayed 在以e结尾的动词后只加d close—closed—closed like—liked—liked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed study—studied—studied carry—carried—carried 以双重闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ed stop—stopped—stopped plan—planned—planned 现在分词 一般在动词原形后直接加ing sleep—sleeping wait—waiting 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ing smile—smiling move—moving 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ing sit—sitting dig—digging plan—planning 少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing die—dying lie—lying 注意：常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 短暂性动词 延续性动词 have closed/opened have been closed/opened have died have been dead have left have been away have begun/started have been on have finished/ended have been over have become have been 续表 短暂性动词 延续性动词 have borrowed have kept have bought have had have joined have been a member of have come have been in have left sp.‎ have been away from sp.‎ ‎　3.时态的运用 学生在解题过程中，应掌握动词时态的判断技巧，如：(1)根据时间状语确定时态；(2)利用上下文语意判断句子的时态；(3)根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；(4)在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态；(5)固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系；(6)根据特定动词与时态的对应关系；(7)根据时态中的“特殊”对策(如客观真理等)。‎ 根据时间状语确定时态 ‎①now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等标志着现在进行时。‎ ‎②just now，…ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month/year…等标志着一般过去时。‎ ‎③at 1：00 last night，at that moment，at this time yesterday等标志着过去进行时。‎ ‎④tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year…等标志着一般将来时。‎ ‎⑤yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 2019，for ten years等标志着现在完成时。‎ ‎⑥除了上面这些时间状语提示时态外，某些副词也有这种作用，如often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示频度的副词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎(　C　)1.(热点人物题)Last month I ______ to Jay Chou's concert.‎ A．go B．have gone C．went D．am going ‎(　B　)2.(人文信息题)—Have you ever been to the Bijie Museum(毕节博物馆)?‎ ‎—Yes.I ______ there twice.‎ A．have gone B．have been C．had gone D．had been ‎(　B　)3.(2019北京中考)Bill likes reading.He ______ picture books with his dad every evening.‎ A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read ‎(　D　)4.(2019南京中考)—We ______ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday.‎ ‎—That's amazing!‎ A．went B．go C．have gone D．will go ‎(　B　)5.(2019重庆中考B卷)Listen! Mr.Black ______ a talk on robots in the hall.‎ A．gives B．is giving C．will give D．gave 毕节中考题例及解析 单项填空。‎ ‎(　 　)1.(2019毕节中考)It's nice to see you again.We ______ each other since 2019.‎ A．won't see B．haven't seen C．don't see D．didn't see ‎【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：再次见到你真高兴。从2019年以来我们就没有见过面。won't see一般将来时；haven't seen现在完成时；don't see一般现在时；didn't see一般过去时。since 2019用于现在完成时，故选B。‎ ‎(　 　)2.(2019毕节中考)It's six o'clock in the morning.Many people ______ in the park.‎ A．are dancing B．dance C．is dancing D．dances ‎【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：早上六点钟的时候很多人在公园跳舞。It's six o'clock in the morning用于现在进行时，设空前的主语是名词的复数，谓语动词用复数形式，故选A。‎ ‎(　 　)3.(2019毕节中考)Uncle John ______ for a walk after supper every day.‎ A．goes B．went C．will go D．has gone ‎【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：约翰叔叔每天晚饭后去散步。goes一般现在时；went一般过去时；will go一般将来时；has gone现在完成时。every day用于一般现在时，故选A。‎ ‎(　 　)4.(2019毕节中考)You said that Zhijin Cave is very beautiful.______ you ______ there?‎ A．Have…gone B．Have…been C．Have…gone to D．Have…been to ‎【解析】考查have been与have gone的区别。句意：你说织金洞很漂亮。你去过那里吗？have gone to表示去了某地，还没回来；have been to表示去过某地，已经回来了。there是副词，前面不用to，结合句意，故选B。‎ 考 点 抢 测 ‎　动词的时态 单项填空。‎ ‎(　B　)1.(2019重庆中考A卷)They don't live here any longer.They ______ to Chengdu last month.‎ A．move B．moved C．will move D．are moving ‎(　B　)2.(2019北京中考)—Lucy，is your uncle a teacher?‎ ‎—Yes，he is.He ______ history for nearly 20 years.‎ A．teaches B．has taught C．is teaching D．will teach ‎(　C　)3.(2019黔南中考)Mary ______ a math problem with her classmates when the math teacher knocked at the classroom door.‎ A．has discussed B．was discussed C．was discussing D．discusses ‎(　B　)4.(2019安徽中考)Before the sun ______，we need to get to the top of the mountain.‎ A．set B．sets C．is setting D．will set ‎(　A　)5.(2019泸州中考)Robots ______ more heavy work for us in the future.‎ A．will do B．did C．have done D．were doing ‎(　D　)6.(2019黄石中考)More and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese，and many of them ______ Chinese better and better now.‎ A．are spoken B．spoke C．have spoken D．are speaking