中考英语动词专题 7页

动词 动词的种类包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。‎ ‎(一) 实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。‎ ‎1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。‎ ‎(1) 动词 + 宾语 I like this book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。‎ ‎(2) 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 如：We call the bird Polly. 我们叫那只鸟Polly。‎ I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。‎ 注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有：make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。‎ 这一感(feel)、二听(hear/listen to)、三让(let/make/have)、四看(look at/see/watch/notice) 在主动语态中接do(省略to), 但是在被动语态中必须加上to！‎ 感使动词真奇怪，to来to去记心怀；主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。‎ ‎(3) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 如: Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。‎ 常见带双宾语的动词有：give，bring， buy， get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，write，read，return等。‎ ‎2.不及物动词: 不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。 如: Horses run fast. 马跑得快。‎ ‎(1) 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。‎ We study English. 我们学习英语。（及物动词） We study hard.我们努力学习（不及物动词）‎ ‎(2)不及物动词短语搭配要注意积累：‎ ①动词 + 介词 如: Listen to the teacher carefully. 仔细听老师讲。‎ ‎※此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。‎ ②动词 + 副词 如:He turned off the light when he left. 当他离开时，他把灯关了。‎ He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来，并给了我。‎ 注意：代词作宾语时必须放在动词后，副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。‎ ③ 动词 + 副词 + 介词 如:Let’s go on with our work. 让我们继续我们的工作吧！‎ He gets along well with his classmates. 他与同学们相处得很好！‎ 注意：其后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。‎ ④动词 + 名词 + 介词 Please pay attention to the phrases in the article. 请注意文章中的短语。‎ We can make good use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。‎ pay attention to doing sth.‎ ⑤be + 形容词 + 介词 如:We are good at swimming. 我们擅长游泳。‎ She is satisfied with what I did. 她对我所做的感到满意。‎ ‎3. 延续性和非延续性动词 ‎(1) 延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live, study, work, keep, teach 等。 如:We have lived in Suzhou since 2001. 自2001‎ 动词 动词的种类包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。‎ ‎(一) 实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。‎ ‎1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。‎ ‎(1) 动词 + 宾语 I like this book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。‎ ‎(2) 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 如：We call the bird Polly. 我们叫那只鸟Polly。‎ I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。‎ 注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有：make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。‎ 这一感(feel)、二听(hear/listen to)、三让(let/make/have)、四看(look at/see/watch/notice) 在主动语态中接do(省略to), 但是在被动语态中必须加上to！‎ 感使动词真奇怪，to来to去记心怀；主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。‎ ‎(3) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 如: Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。‎ 常见带双宾语的动词有：give，bring， buy， get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，write，read，return等。‎ ‎2.不及物动词: 不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。 如: Horses run fast. 马跑得快。‎ ‎(1) 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。‎ We study English. 我们学习英语。（及物动词） We study hard.我们努力学习（不及物动词）‎ ‎(2)不及物动词短语搭配要注意积累：‎ ①动词 + 介词 如: Listen to the teacher carefully. 仔细听老师讲。‎ ‎※此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。‎ ②动词 + 副词 如:He turned off the light when he left. 当他离开时，他把灯关了。‎ He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来，并给了我。‎ 注意：代词作宾语时必须放在动词后，副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。‎ ③ 动词 + 副词 + 介词 如:Let’s go on with our work. 让我们继续我们的工作吧！‎ He gets along well with his classmates. 他与同学们相处得很好！‎ 注意：其后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。‎ ④动词 + 名词 + 介词 Please pay attention to the phrases in the article. 请注意文章中的短语。‎ We can make good use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。‎ pay attention to doing sth.‎ ⑤be + 形容词 + 介词 如:We are good at swimming. 我们擅长游泳。‎ She is satisfied with what I did. 她对我所做的感到满意。‎ ‎3. 延续性和非延续性动词 ‎(1) 延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live, study, work, keep, teach 等。 如:We have lived in Suzhou since 2001. 自2001‎ 年以来，我们一直住在苏州。‎ ‎ You can keep this book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。‎ ‎ I lived in London for many years.But I have never regretted my final decision to move back to China.‎ ‎(2) 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束，如：buy, borrow, die, begin, end, finish, arrive,join, go, come等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词代替。‎ buy—have had borrow—have kept die—have been dead ‎ come/arrive—have been in put on—have worn go/leave—have been away fall ill—have been ill finish/end—have been over start/begin—have been o join—have been in(呆在某个组织) / have been a memember of The old man has been dead for two years. 那个老人去世已经两年了。（这里不能用has died）‎ The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始十分钟了。（这里不能用has begun）‎ 根据句意完成句子:‎ ‎1.Would you please ?请把门打开好吗？‎ ‎2.Jack always . Jack总是把房间保持地干净、整洁。‎ ‎(二)系动词:系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份.常见的系动词有：go, be, become(变得), get（变得）, look（看上去）, seem（似乎，好像）, turn（变得）, sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（摸起来）, keep（保持）等。这些词没有被动语态的形式，也不用于进行时态。‎ 如：He is strong. / He is a strong man.‎ 根据中文意思，完成句子:‎ ‎1.Mr Wang very angry（似乎） 2.This kind of cloth very soft. （摸起来）‎ ‎3. Her face red. (变得） 4.Now my dream becomes true. （实现了） ‎ ‎(三)助动词：助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独做谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态否定和疑问等结构.常用的助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will 和shall等。‎ ‎1.助动词be(am, is, are, was, were)‎ ‎(1) 助动词be + 现在分词,构成进行时。 如:They asked me what I was doing all afternoon. ‎ ‎(2) 助动词be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。‎ Many trees was planted in the park last Sunday. 上星期天在公园种了很多树。‎ ‎2.助动词have (has, had) (1)助动词have(has, had)+动词-ed形式，构成完成时。‎ ‎ (2) 助动词have(has, had) + been + 动词ing形式，构成完成进行时。‎ ‎3. 助动词do用于构成疑问句和否定式，用于倒装句，加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。‎ ‎— Do you live in China? 你住在中国吗？— Yes, I do. 是的，我住在中国。‎ Only then did realize I was wrong.到那时我才意识到我错了。‎ ‎4. 助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。(shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称)‎ I shall be sixteen years old next birthday. 到下个生日，我将16岁了。‎ ‎(四)情态动词:有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。‎ ‎（五）易混动词 ‎1. used to do sth和be used to doing sth be used to doing sth表示习惯做某事 be used to do/for doing sth ‎ used to do sth表示过去常常做某事(否定：didn’t use to do)‎ I’m used to getting up early.(习惯)/I used to get up at five in the morning. 过去经常 ‎2. arrive, get和reach表示“到达”时的区别 arrive in + 大地方，arrive at + 小地方，get to +地点名词，reach+地点名词 ‎3. borrow, lend和keep borrow“借”为短暂性动词，表示主语“借入”，常用短语borrow sth from sb.;‎ lend“借”为短暂性动词，表示主语“借出”，常用短语lend sth to sb.;‎ keep“保存；借”，为延续性动词，表“长时间地借”‎ How long can I keep this book? 这本书我能借多久？‎ ‎4. dress, put on和wear: ‎ dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 dress sb. up乔装打扮；‎ put on 穿上，戴上（表示动作） wear穿着，戴着，表示状态。‎ Mother dresses her baby every day. 母亲每天给她的孩子穿衣服。‎ The lady dressed herself up and went to a party.（穿上盛装）‎ Lily is wearing a red skirt today. 莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。‎ ‎5. bring, take, carry 和fetch bring“带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”；‎ take“拿去，带走”表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”；‎ carry “扛，搬”用力移动，没有方向；‎ fetch“去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿物”。‎ ‎6. die, dead, death, dying die死，是不及物动词，终止性动词 dying意为“垂死的，要死的”，形容词 dead意为“死的”，形容词，表示状态 death意为“死”‎ His grandfather has been dead for ten years. 他的祖父已经死了十年了。‎ His death made us feel very sad. / The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。‎ ‎7. spend, cost ，take 和pay: ‎ sb. spend 钱/时间on sth. sb. spend 钱/时间(in) doing;‎ cost 物作主语，意义为“值多少钱，花费”‎ take 花时间： It + takes +时间+ to do sth;‎ sb. pay some money for sth.‎ ‎8. look for 和find: look for强调寻找的过程 find强调找的结果,还可表“发现”‎ ‎9. hung和hanged: hung意为“悬挂” hanged意为“吊死、绞死”‎ ‎10. listen to和hear: listen to和hear都有“听”的意思。listen ‎ 为不及物动词，与to组成固定搭配，强调听的动作；hear强调听的结果。‎ ‎13. lose, forget和leave: ‎ lose意为“丢失”，“失去”；‎ forget意为“忘记”，忘记去做某事为 ‎ leave sth. + 地点，意为“把某事落在某处”。‎ ‎14.join, take part in 和attend: 三个词都有“参加”的意思。‎ join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”，如参军、入党等，‎ join in 加入某项活动, join sb加入某人；‎ take part in 指参加聚会或活动；‎ attend一般指出席会议 ‎16. think of, think about, think over think of意为“想到……”；‎ think about意为“考虑”， 宾语it或 them置后；‎ think over 意为“仔细考虑”，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题；‎ ‎17. lose, fail, beat和win lose意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为lose to sb.;‎ fail是“失败”或“未做成某事”；‎ beat意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍；‎ win意为“赢得”，如，赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。‎ ‎18. It is believed that 大家相信 It is known that 众所周知 It is supposed that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 It must be remembered that 务必记住 ‎ It is taken for granted that …被认为理所当然 ‎19.记住下列动词，它们只能接动名词作宾语而不能接不定式。‎ admit 承认 appreciate感激 avoid 避兔 can't help 禁不住 consider 思考，考虑 deny 否认 delay 推退 detest 厌恶 enjoy 喜欢 excuse 道歉 escape 逃过 finish元长 forgive 原谅 fancy 想象 imagine想象 involve包括 keep坚持 pardon原谅 practise练习 ‎ resist阻止，抵抗 suggest建议 understand理解 喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)，盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)；‎ 想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)，忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind),后接动词ing.‎ it is a waste of time sb’s doing sth. waste time doing sth.把时间浪费在做某事上 接动名词作宾语的短语：‎ be surprised at 对 be interested in 对....兴趣 be responsible for 对...负责任 be fond of 喜欢 be tired (sick) of 厌倦 be proud of 以.....而骄傲 be afraid of 害怕 be capable of ..能力 be usedto 习惯于 be opposed to反对 belong to属于 depend on 依靠 give up 放弃 put off 推迟 keep on继续 ‎ succeed in成功 dream of 梦想 refer to指的是 object to反对 feel like 想要 look forward to期待 preventfrom/stopfrom阻止 devote one’s life (time) to 献身于 be good at擅长 be engaged in从事于 be satisfied with对…满意 forgive/thank sb. for doing it’s no use/good doing做…没用 ‎20. 巧学妙记:只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 :‎ 决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope) 同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),‎ 胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail ) 准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),‎ 提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford), 答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,be supposed )，‎ 以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记莫忘记。‎ ‎21.分词的句法功能：‎ ‎(1)定语：‎ 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词 Do you know the boy playing football ?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？‎ Please hand in your written exercise.请上交你的笔试练习。‎ ‎(2)状语：‎ 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语 The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教师。‎ Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。‎ ‎22.作直接宾语时，动名词和不定式在含义上有区别的：‎ ‎(1)forget doing sh和 forget to do sth forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 reget to do sth.遗憾要做某事 stop doing sth 停下正在做的是  stop to do sth停下去做另外一件事 try doing sth尝试做某事 try to do 尽力做某事 mean doing意味着做某事 mean to do 打算做某事 allow doing允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 want/need/ require 表小“需要”时，后面常用动名词或不定式表示被动：‎ want/need/ require doing = want/need/ require to be done This car needs repairing. = This car needs to be repaired. The road wants rebuilding. = The road wants to be rebuilt.‎ 实际操练场——翻译下列句子：‎ ‎1.那个老太太总是忘记已经吃过药。 ‎ ‎2.那个老太太总是忘记要吃药。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.我记得以前吃过这道菜。我记着在这家餐馆要吃这道菜 ‎ 4.Let's stop working and have a rest. 5.Let’s stop to buy something to eat here. 6.She regretted telling her mother the truth 7.I regret to borrow money from him. ‎ ‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. When I handed the report to Peter, he said that David was the right person ______.  A. to send it to   B. to send   C. to be sent   D. for sending ‎ ‎2. —Why are you late?       — My bike broke down.   I had it________. A. repaired     B. repairs     C. repair   D. repairing ‎3. Our teacher always tell us ______ more English in and out of class.          A. speak       B. spoken          C. to speak       D. speaking        ‎ ‎4.The teacher said to his students, “Don't forget _____ your dictionary to school tomorrow.”  ‎ A. brought      B. bring  C. bringing        D. to bring             ‎ ‎5. When you are sleeping, you had better _____ all your windows closed.        A. don't keep  B. not keep  C. not to keep  D. not keeping ‎6. — How do you know that she likes singing?           — I often hear her ______ after class. A. to sing  B. sang  C. sing  D. sings ‎7. You are so busy. What do you want me ______ for you?                A. do                B. done           C. to do            D. doing ‎ ‎8. Don’t make me _____ this or that. I’m too busy!                      A. to do            B. do         C. doing       D. done ‎9. There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and I’ve warned Jack ______ here. A. not to swim    B. to not swim   C. swim not to    D. to swim not ‎ ‎10. We have worked for three hours.  Now let's stop ________ a rest.       ‎ A. had      B. have        C. to have             D. having ‎