上海中考英语60种必考句型 11页

中考英语必考的60个句型 ‎1. as…as 和……一样 中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如：‎ This classroom is as big as that one. 这间教室和那间一样大。‎ He runs as fast as Tom.  他和汤姆跑的一样快。‎ 否定结构：not as/so…as,“不如……”。上面的两个句子可分别改为：‎ This classroom is not as/so large as that one. 这间教室不如那间大。‎ He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom. 他跑得不如汤姆快。‎ ‎2. as soon as 一……就……‎ 用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：‎ I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him. 我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。‎ He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work. 他一完成工作就回家。‎ ‎3. be busy/ enjoy/ hate/ go on/ finish / practise / admit / deny doing sth. 忙于/ 喜欢/ 讨厌/ 继续/ 完成/ 练习/ 承认/ 否认做某事 在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等词语后，一般用动词-ing形式作宾语。例如：‎ Lin Tao is busy making a model plane. 林涛正忙着做飞机模型。‎ My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper. 我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。‎ I hate watching Channel Five. 我讨厌看五频道。‎ When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.‎ 当有人让他休息一会儿时，他仍继续工作。‎ I have finished writing the story. 我已经写完了故事。‎ ‎4. fill…with 用……装满......； be filled with 充满了……；be full of 充满了......‎ ‎①be filled with 说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。例如：‎ The box is filled with food. 盒子里装满了食物。‎ ‎②be full of说明主语处于的状态。此外，还可表示程度，意为“非常”。例如：‎ The patient’s room is full of flowers. 那个病人的房间摆满了花。‎ The young man is full of pride. 那个年轻人非常骄傲。‎ ‎③这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如：‎ I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.‎ ‎5. be good/bad for 有利于/有害于……‎ 此句型是：be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如：‎ Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有益。‎ Always playing computer games is bad for your study. 总玩电脑游戏对你学习不利。‎ ‎6. be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于……‎ 后必须接名词或动名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be 可用get, become来代替。 例如：‎ He is used to the life in the country. ( He is used to living in the country. )‎ 他习惯于乡村生活。‎ He will get used to getting up early. 他将会习惯于早起。‎ 注意：be used to do 的意思是“被用来做……”。例如：‎ Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。‎ ‎7. both…and…两者都……‎ 用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ Both the students and the teachers will go to the History‎ ‎Museum tomorrow.‎ 不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。‎ ‎8. can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接动词-ing形式。例如：‎ His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.‎ 他的笑话太有趣了，我们禁不止笑了起来。‎ ‎9. sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱 此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语，它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。‎ This book cost me five yuan.‎ 这本书花了我五元钱。‎ ‎10. either…or… 不是……就是……,或者……或者……‎ 用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。‎ You may either stay here or go home. 你可以呆在这儿，也可以回家。‎ Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right. 不是她对就是我对。‎ ‎11. enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足够……做……‎ 在此结构中,for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：‎ The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on. 冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走。‎ ‎12. feel like doing sth. 想要做……‎ 此处like为介词，后面跟动词-ing形式。此句型与would like to do sth.同义。例如：‎ I feel like drinking a cup of milk. 我想喝一杯牛奶。‎ ‎13.make/ feel/ find/ think it adj./n. to do sth. 认为某事……‎ 在此结构中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如：‎ I find it very interesting to play football. 我发现踢足球很有趣。‎ She thinks it her duty to help us. 她认为帮助我们是她的职责。‎ ‎14. get ready for sth./to do sth.‎ get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”；get ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”例如：‎ We are getting ready for the meeting. 我们正在为会议做准备。‎ They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.‎ 他们那时正准备开运动会。‎ ‎15. get/receive/have a letter from 收到……的来信，相当于hear from Did you receive a letter from John? 你收到约翰的来信了吗?‎ I got a letter from my brother yesterday. 我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。‎ ‎16. had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事 had better为情态动词，其后需用动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成’d better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如：‎ We had better go now. = We’d better go now. 我们最好现在走吧。‎ You’d better not go out because it is windy. 今天刮风，你最好别出去了。‎ ‎17. have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (动作由别人完成)‎ sth.为宾语，done为过去分词作补语。例如：‎ We had the machine repaired. 我们请人把机器修好了。‎ 注意区分： We have repaired the machine. 我们(自己)已经修好了机器。‎ ‎18. help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事，其中的to可以省略。例如：‎ I often help my mother with housework. 我常常帮助妈妈做家务。‎ Would you please help me (to) look up these words? 请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?‎ ‎19. How do you like…? 你认为……怎么样? 与what do you think of …?同义。‎ How do you like the weather in Beijing?‎ ‎= What do you think of the weather in Beijing?‎ 你认为北京的天气怎么样? ‎ ‎20. I don’t think/believe that… 我认我/相信……不……‎ 其中的not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移)。that可省略。例如：‎ I don’t think it will rain. 我认为天不会下雨。‎ 反意疑问句：I don’t think it will rain, will it?‎ He doesn’t believe the girl will come. 他相信那女孩不会来了。‎ ‎21. It happens that… 碰巧…… 相当于happen to do，例如：‎ It happened that I heard their secret.‎ 可改写为： I happened to hear their secret.‎ 我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。‎ ‎22. It’s/has been +一段时间+since从句 自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了 该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如：‎ It’s twenty years since he came here. 他来这里已经20年了。‎ It has been six years since he married Mary. 他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。‎ ‎23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……‎ It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如：‎ It’s not easy for us to study English well. 对我们来说学好英语并不容易。‎ It’s a good idea for us to travel to the south. 去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。‎ ‎24. It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.‎ It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语, 当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词of,而不用for。例如：‎ It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people. 你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。‎ ‎25. It seems/appears （to sb） that… (在某人看来)好像……‎ 此句中的it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：‎ It seems that he is lying.  看样子他好像是在撒谎。‎ It appears to me that he never smiles.  在我看来，他从来没有笑过。‎ ‎26. It is +数词+metres/kilometers long/wide… ……是多少米(公里)长(宽)‎ 用来表示物体的长(宽,高)，如数词大于一，名词要用复数。例如：‎ It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.  从这端到那端有二十米长。‎ ‎27. It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的时候了 it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth. 例如：‎ It’s time for the child to go to bed. 孩子该睡觉了。‎ 比较下面两种结构：‎ ‎① It’s time for + n. 例如：It’s time for school.‎ ‎② It’s time to do sth. 例如：It’s time to go to school.‎ ‎28. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事 it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如：‎ It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.‎ 从这儿走到公交车站花费她15分钟。‎ It took the old man three days to finish the work.‎ 那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。‎ ‎29. keep (on) doing sth. 一直坚持做某事 keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词。keep on doing sth.意为“继续不停地做某事”，一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互换。例如：‎ Don’t keep on doing such foolish things. 不要再做这样的傻事了。‎ He kept sitting there all day. 他整天坐在那里。‎ ‎30. keep…from doing sth. 阻止......做某事 相当于stop…from doing sth., prevent…from doing sth. 在主动句中，stop和prevent后面的from可以省略，但在被动结构中，from不可以省略。例如：‎ Please keep the children from swimming in the sea. 请别让孩子到海里游泳。‎ The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.‎ 屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。‎ ‎31. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 不可和keep sb.from doing sth.结构混淆。例如：‎ Why do you keep me waiting for a long time?  你为什么让我等了很长时间?‎ ‎32. make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事 make意为“使”时，其后要有不带to的动词不定式。例如：‎ He made me work ten hours a day.  他让我每天工作10小时。‎ 注意：上句如改为被动语态，则work 前的to不能省略。例如：‎ I was made to work ten hours a day.‎ ‎33. neither…nor… 既不……也不……‎ 当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致(就近一致原则)。例如：‎ Neither we nor Jack knows him.  我们和杰克都不认识他。‎ He neither knows nor cares what happened.  他对发生的事情不闻不问。‎ ‎34. not…until… 直到……才......‎ until后可跟名词或从句，表示时间。例如：‎ He didn’t come until late in the evening. 他直到晚上很迟才来。‎ He didn’t arrive until the game began.  直到比赛开始他才来。‎ ‎35. sb. pays money for sth. 某人花钱买某物 此句型主语是人。例如：‎ I’ve already paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike. 我已花了2000元买这辆摩托车。‎ ‎36. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 花费(时间、钱)在某事上/做某事 其中in可以省略，通常主语为“人”。例如：‎ I spent five yuan on this book.  我在这本书上花了五元钱。‎ I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday. 昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。‎ ‎37. so…that… 太……以至于……‎ 用于复合句，that引导的是结果状语从句。so是副词,后面应接形容词或副词，如果接名词，应用such。 例如：‎ The ice is so thin that you can’t walk on it.  冰太薄了，你不能在上面走。‎ He is such a kind man that we all like him.  他是一个非常好的人，我们都喜欢他。‎ ‎38. stop to do sth. / stop doing sth.‎ stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”例如：‎ You’re too tired. You’d better stop to have a rest. ‎ 你们太累了，最好停下来休息一会儿。‎ The teacher is coming. Let’s stop talking. ‎ 老师来了，咱们别说话了。‎ ‎39. Thank you for （doing） sth. 感激你做了……‎ for之后除了加动名词doing外，还可以加名词。例如：‎ Thank you for giving me the present.  谢谢你给我的礼物。‎ Thank you for your help. =Thank you for helping me.‎ ‎40. thanks to 多亏……,由于……‎ thanks后的s不能省略，to是介词。例如：‎ Thanks to my friend Jim, I’ve worked out this problem. ‎ 多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助，我已经解决了这个问题。‎ ‎41. There be句型 ‎① 在此结构中，there是引导词，在句中不能充当任何成分，也不必翻译出来。句中的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语的数保持一致。例如：‎ There is a man at the door.  门口有一个人。‎ 当主语是由两个或者两者以上的名词充当时，谓语动词be要跟它邻近的那个名词的数一致(就近一致)。例如：‎ There are two dogs and a cat under the table. 桌下有两只狗和一只猫。‎ 比较：There is a cat and two dogs under the table.‎ ‎② There be 句型中的be不能用have来代替，但可以用lie (位于，躺),stand (矗立),exist (生存),live (生活)等词来替换。例如：‎ There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street. ‎ 街道两旁矗立着许多高楼。‎ There lies lake in front of our school. 我们学校前面有一个湖。‎ Once there lived a king here.  这儿曾经有一个国王。‎ There is going to be a sports meeting next week.  下周准备开一个运动会。‎ ‎③ there be 的拓展结构： there seem(s)/happen(s) to be…‎ There seems to be one mistake in spelling. 似乎有一处拼写错误。‎ There happened to be a ruler here.  这儿碰巧有把尺子。‎ There seemed to be a lot of people there.  那儿似乎有很多人。‎ ‎42. the + 比较级, the +比较级 越……,越……‎ 此句型表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。例如：‎ The harder he works, the happier he feels. 他工作越努力，就感到越幸福。‎ The more, the better.  多多益善。‎ ‎43. too+ adj./adv. + to do sth. 太……以至于不能…….‎ 此句型为简单句，后面的to表示否定含义。例如：‎ The ice is too thin for you to walk on.  这冰太薄，你不能在上面走。‎ The bag is too heavy to carry.  这个袋子太重搬不动。‎ ‎44. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 used to是情态动词，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，因此只用于过去时态。例如:‎ He used to get up early.  他过去总早起。‎ When I was yong, I used to play tennis very often.  我年轻时经常打网球。‎ 否定形式有两种：didn’t use to; used not to,例如：‎ He didn’t use to come. = He usedn’t to come.  他过去不常来。‎ ‎45. what about…? ……怎么样?‎ 后面可接名词、代词、动名词等。与“how about…?”同义。例如：‎ We have been to Hainan. What about you?  我们去过海南，你呢?‎ What about going to the park on Sunday?  星期天去公园怎么样?‎ ‎46. What day/date is it today? 今天星期几(几月几日)?‎ ‎—What day is it today? —Sunday.‎ ‎—What date is it today? —June 24th.‎ ‎47. What’s wrong (the matter) with…? ……怎么了?‎ What’s wrong with you, Madam?  夫人，您怎么了?‎ You look worried. What’s wrong with you?  你看上去很焦急，出什么事了?‎ ‎48. Why not do…? 为什么不做……?‎ 谓语动词用原形。与Why don’t you do…?同义。例如：‎ Why not go to see the film with us? = Why don’t you go to see the film with us? ‎ 为什么不和我们一起去看电影呢?‎ ‎49. would like to do sth. 想做……‎ 后用动词不定式作宾语。例如：‎ I would like to drink a cup of tea. 我想喝一杯茶。‎ 疑问句式：Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea?  你想喝杯茶吗?‎ ‎50. 比较级 and 比较级 越来越......‎ 若形容词/副词为双音节词及多音节词，则这一结构变为“more and more +形容词/副词”。例如：‎ It’s getting warmer and warmer.  天气变得越来越暖和了。‎ The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.  小女孩变得越来越漂亮了。‎ ‎51. 比较级+than than引导的是典型的比较级句型，表示“一者比另一者……”,其前用形容词或副词的比较级，than从句可以用省略形式。例如：‎ I know you better than she does.  我比她更了解你。‎ This house is bigger than that one.  这所房子比那所房子大。‎ ‎52. though-从句 though引导的是让步状语从句，意思是“虽然……但是……”, 但不能和but连用。为表强调可与still, yet 连用。例如：‎ Though it was snowing, it was not very cold.  虽然下着雪，可并不太冷。‎ I was late for the last bus though I hurried.  ‎ 虽然我拼命赶路，还是没搭上最后一班公交车。‎ We didn’t feel tired though we walked a long way. ‎ 虽然我们走了很长的路程，但是并没有感到累。‎ ‎53. if-从句 If 引导的是条件状语从句，“如果;假如“。如主句用一般将来时，if从句要用一般现在时(主将从现、主祈/情从现)。例如：‎ If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along? ‎ 如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗?‎ If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go.  如果明天下雨，我就不去了。‎ ‎54. because-从句 引导原因状语从句，“因为”。 例如：‎ He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio. ‎ 他没有听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。‎ ‎55. so + do/be + 主语 ‎ “So + be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语” 表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。例如：‎ He likes football and so do I.  他喜欢足球，我也如此。‎ Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom. ‎ 刚才吉姆在踢足球，汤姆也在踢足球。‎ 比较： “So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”结构，是用来证实前一句所表达的内容(起强调作用)。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。‎ A: It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。‎ B: So it is. 确实如此。‎ ‎56. not only…but also… 不但……而且……‎ 常用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子。连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：‎ She likes not only singing but also dancing.  她不但喜欢唱歌，而且喜欢跳舞。‎ He is not only a good doctor but also a good father.  ‎ 他不但是个好医生而且是个好爸爸。‎ Not only I but also he is hoping to go there.  不但我而且他也想去那儿。‎ ‎57. prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 喜欢……胜过…...‎ prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 意为“两者相比更喜欢(做)其中之一”。在此结构中，to是介词，接名词或动名词，结构中前后所跟成分一样。例如：‎ He prefers tea to coffee.  茶与咖啡相比，他更喜欢茶。‎ He prefers doing shopping to going fishing. 购物与钓鱼相比，他更喜欢购物。‎ ‎58. 感叹句：What (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语! ‎ How + adj./adv. +主语 +谓语! ‎ What a clever boy (he is)! =How clever the boy is!  这个男孩儿多聪明啊！‎ What a wonderful film we saw last night!  昨天晚上我们看的电影多精彩啊!‎ How lovely the weather is!  天气多好啊!‎ How hard he works!  他工作多么努力啊!‎ ‎59. 祈使句型 祈使句型表示命令、请求、劝告等含义。说话的对象通常为第二人称，习惯上常省略。句末用句号或感叹号。肯定祈使句是：谓语动词用动词原形表示。否定祈使句是：在谓语动词前加do not(don’t)。例如：‎ Be here on time tomorrow. 明天准时到这儿来。‎ Say it in English! 用英语说!‎ Don’t be afraid! 别怕!‎ Don’t look out of the window! 不要朝窗外看!‎ ‎60. 并列句型 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句。连接并列句常用的连接词有：and, but, or, so, however, not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or…等。‎ I help her and she helps me. 我帮助她，她帮助我。‎ He is very old but he is in good health. 他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。‎ We must hurry, or we’ll be late. 我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。‎ Kate does her work carefully, so she never makes any mistakes. ‎ 凯特工作很认真，从不出错。‎