广州中考重点考点归纳2 16页

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  • 2021-05-10 发布

广州中考重点考点归纳2

  • 16页
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必考内容之一: 被动语态 考查形式:单项、完型、完成句子题型出现,尤其是完成句子题型。‎ 考查难度:考察的动词都是比较简单、拼写不超过5个字母的单词,过去分词一般都是直接+ed,出题不难,要求掌握被动语态的判断、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写。‎ 要点归纳:‎ ‎①结构:be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)‎ ‎②掌握几种形式:‎ u 一般现在时的被动语态: ‎ u 一般过去时的被动语态: ‎ u 现在完成时的被动语态: ‎ u 一般将来时的被动语态: ‎ u 含有情态动词的被动语态: ‎ ‎③ 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。‎ 例:make somebody do something → somebody+ be +made to do something ‎④ 被动语态常考的固定搭配:‎ u be made of ‎ u be made from ‎ u be made in ‎ u be used for ‎ u be used to do ‎ u 注意:be used to doing ‎ used to do sth. ‎ ues to do sth. ‎ ‎⑤ 无被动语态的不及物动词常考的有:happen, take place, begin, start, end, belong to, ‎ come true.‎ 必考内容之二: 宾语从句 ‎ 考查形式:单项、完成句子 ‎ 考查难度:考查较全面,考生必须对引导词、时态和语序这三个重点 ‎ 要点归纳:‎ ‎ ① 陈述语序 ‎ ② 时态:主句为一般现在时,______________________________________‎ ‎ 主句为一般过去时,______________________________________‎ ‎ ③ 宾语从句的简化:_____________________________‎ 区分:what to do & how to do +宾语 ‎④ whether & if 的区别:____________________________________________‎ 必考内容之三: 状语从句 ‎ 考查形式:单项、完型、完成句子,重点考查条件状语从句、目的状语从句、时间状语从句,时间状语从句往往结合过去进行时考查。在完型填空出现一般都是选择正确的引导词。‎ ‎ 考查难度:考察较多的是引导词方面的,对于时态方面的考察较少。考生复习时除了要掌握状语从句各个连词的意义,同时也需要掌握“主将从现”的时态要求。‎ 要点归纳:‎ ‎① 时间状语从句:when & while 的运用 ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ 注:while有“然而”的意思,表示转折 ‎② as soon as _____________________________________‎ ‎③ not… until… __________________________________‎ ‎④ if & unless ____________________________________‎ 考查内容之四:定语从句 考查形式:单项、完型 考查难度:主要考查引导词的选择——关系代词that、which、who以及关系副词where、when 要点归纳:‎ ‎① that:______________________________________________________‎ ‎② which:_____________________________________________________‎ ‎③ who:_______________________________________________________‎ ‎④ where & when 记忆诀窍:从句完整则用when/where, 不完整则用which/that,选项同时出现which & that,则一定不选which/that。‎ 请记住常考的几个及物动词:visit, spend, forget, remember它们后面需接宾语,故用which/that,或省略引导词。‎ 必考内容之五:感叹句 ‎ 考查形式:单项、完成句子 ‎ 考查难度:考察较简单,基本属于送分题。考生须掌握how和what引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。‎ 要点归纳:‎ ‎① What + a / an +adj. + 单数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!‎ ‎② What + adj. + 复数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!‎ ‎③ What + adj. + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!‎ 常考的几个不可数名词:food, news , weather, fun, music, work, ‎ information, advice, suggestion 注意:what引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略 ‎④ How + adj. + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!‎ ‎⑤ How + adj. / adv. + 主语+ 谓语!‎ ‎⑥ How + 句子! ‎ 必考内容之六:反意疑问句 考查形式:单项选择 考查难度:较简单,考生只需掌握该语法点的原则,一般都能做对。‎ 要点归纳:‎ ‎① 原则:1. 前肯后否,前否后肯 2. 前名后代 3. 时态一致 常考的否定词:never, few, little, hardly, no, seldom, nobody, nothing, none ② 常考句型:‎ u 含有have/ has / had 时 若出现在完成时态中,则用__________________提问 否则,找助动词do/does/did 帮忙 ‎  They had to leave early to catch the train, ______ ______?‎ ‎  He has few friends in the new school, ______ ______? ‎ had better 用had ‎ We’d better stay at home today, ____________?‎ u There be…, ______ there? ‎ u Let's ...,____________? Let us…, _______________? ‎ u 祈使句,________________?‎ ‎③ 反义疑问句的回答:‎ 若动作发生,则用___________________。若动作未发生,则用___________________。 ‎ 必考内容之七:动词 考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词作形容词、非谓语动词 ‎ 考查难度:动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大 一、时态要点归纳 考点一:主将从现 (在状语从句中已经提到)‎ 考点二:现在完成时 时间标志:for + 时间段、since + 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、ever、never ‎ “How long...?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中 要点归纳:‎ ‎ have been to + 地点 _____________________________‎ ‎ 区分 have gone to + 地点 _____________________________ ‎ have been in + 地点 + for + 时间段 ___________________________‎ 瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:‎ die – be dead buy – have borrow – keep leave/go – be away (from)‎ make friends – be friends begin / start – be on ‎ arrive / get to / reach / come – be in / be at / stay ‎ join (the Party) – be a (Party) member / be in (the Party)‎ 句型:It is + 时间 + since + 一般过去时的句子 考点三:过去进行时 (在时间状语从句中考查)‎ 考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)、一般过去时 (在宾语从句中考查)‎ 二、情态动词归纳 情态动词有:must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形 考点一:must can 表示推测的运用 ‎_______________________________________________________________‎ 考点二:mustn’t 的运用, 意思是 _________________________‎ 考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答 ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ 三、非谓语动词归纳 只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语 u to + do (否定式——not +to +do)‎ ‎1、只能接to + do的动词有:‎ decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do ‎2、有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语,常见的有:‎ ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. ‎ ‎3、加 to + do 的重点句型有:‎ ① It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱 ② It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样 ③ Would you like to…?‎ ‎4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有:‎ ‎ 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)四看(watch, see, look at, notice)半个帮助(help可以带to,也可以省略)‎ 改为被动语态时,to要还原 例如:This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week. ‎ ‎ 5、省略to 的情况有:‎ ‎ ① 情态动词后 ‎② why not/why don’t you…‎ ‎③ would rather… than…‎ u doing (否定式——not doing)‎ ‎1、加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有:‎ enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,miss,admit, deny, keep, imagine,practice + doing sth.‎ ‎2、加doing的情况有:‎ ‎(1)介词后 + doing 例如:give up doing sth.,be interested in doing sth.等 ‎(2)feel like + doing (喜欢做某事)/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢……)‎ ‎(3)to作介词时的几个常用短语:‎ look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing ‎3. 既可加to do 也可以加doing,并意思相近的动词有:begin,start, like, love, hate ‎4. 既可加to do 也可以加doing,但意思不同的动词有:‎ forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做)‎ forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)‎ ‎ remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做)‎ ‎ remember doing 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了)‎ regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾 ‎ regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾 ‎ stop to do 停下来去做某事(去做另外一件事情)‎ ‎ stop doing 停止做某事 (停止正在做的事情)‎ 归纳记忆:stop...from + doing = prevent...from doing ‎ try to do 尽力去做某事 (区分:manage to do 设法做某事)‎ ‎ try doing 尝试去做某事 ‎ keep/go on to do 继续去做某事(停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情)‎ keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情 mean to do = plan to do 打算/计划去做某事 ‎ mean doing 意味着做某事 重点区分下列搭配: ‎ ‎ do sth. 看到/看着某人做某事(全过程)‎ see/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/看着某人正在做某事(某一片段)‎ do sth. 听到/注意到某人做某事(全过程)‎ ‎ hear/notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事(某一片段)‎ 四、动词短语 近年广州中考高频动词短语归纳 动词和动词短语在广州市中考里面主要是考查同义词和近义词在意义上或用法上的区别,是历年中考必考的内容。‎ ‎1. speak ________________________ say _________________________‎ talk __________________________ tell _____________________‎ ‎2. bring _____________ take _______________ carry __________‎ ‎3. borrow______________ lend _____________ ‎ keep _________________ return=give back__________‎ ‎4. look after=____________________________‎ look at____________ look for ______________‎ look out_______________ look up____________‎ look down upon _____________ look over _____________‎ look around_______________ look forward to (doing) sth. ______‎ ‎5. listen to___________ sound__________ hear_________‎ hear of=hear about___________ hear from _________________‎ ‎6. put on _______ wear= be in_________ dress in ___________‎ dress sb/oneself ____________ dress up __________ try on _____‎ ‎7. spend___________________ pay_______________‎ cost_________________ take_____________ ‎ collect_____________ afford ______________‎ ‎8. find __________ find out _________ look for ____________‎ ‎9. get to ___________ reach ___________ arrive at/in________‎ 注意:home、here、there后面不能加介词 ‎10. take part in = join in ___________ join _____________‎ ‎ attend__________ hold ________________‎ ‎11. turn on________ turn off________ turn up________ turn down _______‎ ‎12. 与take有关的短语 take away_________ take part in__________ take care of____________‎ take charge of_________ take one’s place_________ take place _________‎ take sth. to sb. ___________ take sb. to +地点 __________________‎ take off ________________ ‎ ‎13. 与put有关的短语 put on ___________ put off_________ put out___________‎ ‎ put away___________ put up _______________‎ ‎14. 与fall有关的短语 fall asleep__________ fall behind____________反义词 _____________‎ fall in love with sb.____________ fall ill _____________‎ fall into bad habit ______________‎ ‎15.与get有关的短语 get on ________________ get off _________________ get to _______________________‎ get on (well) with _______________________‎ 五、分词作形容词 考查形式:完型填空 考查难度:一般,只要会判断是该考点,就能做对。‎ 要点归纳:‎ exciting & excited interesting & interested surprising & surprised ‎ boring & bored 常考内容之八:So do I.(我也一样) & So I do. (的确如此)‎ 巧记:的确如此,正常语序。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ 常考内容之九:代词 ‎① another / other / the other/ others / the others another“众多中的另一个”;the other“两个中的另外一个”。对应的搭配为“one… another / one…the other 一个……另一个”。‎ other“其他的”,后面+ _____ ; the other“其余的”,the other有范围,后面+ _____。(作定语)‎ others“其他的人/事物”; the others“其余的人/事物”,有范围。(宾语、主语)‎ 用another / other / the other/ others / the others填空 ² I have two friends. One is Tom, _________ is Mary.‎ ² I can keep the book for a month, but I’m not allowed to lend it to _________.‎ ² I can’t work out the fifth question, but I have done all ____________.‎ ² Lucy, would you show me _________ photo. ‎ ² We should save money to help __________ poor children.‎ ‎② a few / few / a little / little a few/ few +可数名词;a little / little +不可数名词。few和little具有否定意义,表示“量少、几乎没有”;a few和a little具有肯定意义,表示量“虽少,一些,一点点”。‎ 用a few / few / a little / little填空 ² The student had never learnt history before, so _________ students could pass the history exam.‎ ² The maths problem was difficult but __________ students could still work it out.‎ ² There is __________ water left in the bottle. Can you go and get some for me?‎ ² I still have _________ time. I can help you.‎ ‎③ something anything everything nothing + 形容词后置 ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎④ 反身代词的搭配 by oneself靠某人自己 help yourself to…请随便吃点… lose oneself 迷路 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 teach oneself 自学 = learn sth. by oneself 常考内容之十:数词 考查形式:单项、单词拼写 考查难度:一般 ‎① 常考不规则序数词:first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth.‎ ‎(遇到整十的把y改为ie+th)‎ ‎② hundred, thousand, million, billion与of连用,不加s,表示概数。前面有具体数字时,不加s。‎ ‎③ “数词+名词(+形容词)”的结构,中间的名词不加s。例如:10-minute walk = __________________‎ ‎④ 分数的表达:_____________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑤ 年代的表达:______________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑥ “在……多少岁”的表达:__________________________________________________‎ ‎⑦“a + 序数词”表示:_____________________________________________________‎ ‎⑧ a number of ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑨ the number of ‎_____________________________________________________________________________‎ 常考内容之十一:连词 考查形式:单项、完型 考查难度:一般 要点归纳:‎ ‎① and ______________ or _________________ so _______________‎ but ____________ however _______________ while _____________‎ ‎② both... and... __________________________________________‎ either of _________________________ either... or... ________________________________‎ neither of ______________________ neither... nor... _________________________________‎ not only... but also... __________________________________________‎ ‎③ so + ___________________ that ... & such + _________________ ‎ 意思是___________________________‎ 与many, much, few, little连用时,只能用 _______‎ ‎④ though & although ‎________________________________________________________________________________‎ 形容词考点归纳 ‎1. adj.后置 形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时,要置于其后。如:something important(一些重要的事)‎ ‎2. adj. 作表语 ‎①只能做表语的形容词大多数以元音字母开头。如:afraid(害怕的),alike(相同的),alive(活着的),alone(单独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),ill(有病的)‎ He is an ill man .(错) The man is ill .(对)‎ ‎②连系动词+ adj. 作表语 连系动词有:be动词;“变化”系动词:get, go, become, turn, fall; 感官动词:feel, look, smell, ‎ taste, sound; “保持”系动词stay, keep, remain ‎3.貌似副词的adj.------ friendly(友好的); lonely(寂寞的); lovely(可爱的); likely(可能的)‎ ‎4.adj.排列顺序——冠→代→数→形→大,新→色→国→材→名 ‎(注:冠——冠词,代——代词,数——数词,形——形状,大——大小,新——新旧,色——颜色,国——国家、地区,材——材料、用途,名——被修饰的名词)‎ 一、两者相等时,用原级比较:‎ ‎1、A + be(am/is/are) + as + adj./adv.原级 + as + B. (A与B一样)‎ 否定式:A + be(am/is/are)+ not + as(so) + adj./adv.原级 + as + B.‎ ‎2、A + be +倍数词+ as + adj./adv.原级 + as + B. (A是B的多少倍)‎ This river is twice as long as that one. ‎ ‎3、A + be +倍数词+比较级+than + B. (A比B大/高…多少倍)‎ ‎ This river is once longer than that one. ‎ 二、 两者不相等时,用比较级 ‎1.A + be + 比较级 + than + B ‎2.表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is+ 比较级,A or B?”‎ ‎ Which city is more beautiful, Guangzhou or Shenzhen?‎ ‎ 3. “the+比较级,the+比较级” 表示“越……,越……”‎ ‎4. “比较级+and+比较级” 表示“越来越……”‎ 多音节的形容词的这种结构为“more and more +形容词原级” 5. “the+比较级+of the two” 表示“两个中更……的一个”‎ ‎6 “… times +比较级+than” 表示“比……大(多)几倍”‎ ‎7.比较级+than any other + 单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”(这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。)  She is taller than any other girl in the team.  她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。 ‎ 可以修饰adj.比较级的副词有:much, a little, a lot, a bit, a little bit, even, still, far等。‎ 三、 三者或以上比较,表示“最…”,用最高级 ‎1.A + be + the + 最高级 + inof 范围 ‎2.表示三者之间的选择,可使用“Which is+ 比较级,A, B or C?”‎ ‎3.在“of all the+名词”中出现,表示“在所有的……之中,最……”‎ ‎4.“one of the +最高级+名词复数” 表示“最……的……之一”‎ ‎5.the +序数词+最高级,表示“第几……的”‎ ‎1.“ It is + adj.+to do sth . ” 表示“做某事是怎样的” 。‎ ‎2. sb. find/think/believe + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中,adj.做宾补 例如:We find it important to learn English well.‎ ‎3. too…..to; not……enough to; so ……that too + 形容词/副词 + to + 动词( 太…….而不能) = not + 形容词/副词的反义词 + enough to ‎ ‎=so + 形容词/副词+ that 否定句 例:He is too young to go to school.‎ ‎ = He is not old enough to go to school.‎ ‎=He is so young that he can't go to school.‎ 副词考点归纳 ‎1. 副词的作用——‎ 常考修饰动词。在语法选择、完型填空出现。只要能判断前面是动词,那么就应该用副词,较容易选对答案。‎ ‎2. adj.变adv.的变化规则:‎ ‎1.直接在词尾+ly 2. 辅音字母+y结尾的,把y该i,再加ly ‎ ‎ careful---carefully easy—easily 注意:‎ good的副词是well,当表示身体好时,well是形容词,而不用good。‎ fast的副词还是fast,hard的副词还是hard,hardly是表示“几乎不”的意思,属于否定词,常在反意疑问句考查。‎ high的副词是high,highly是“高度地”的意思 如:speak highly of sb.‎ 区分:too many + 可数名词复数 “太多……”‎ ‎ too much + 不可数名词 “太多……”‎ ‎ much too + 形容词 “太…‎