中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 名词 8页

‎2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 ‎(单项选择 名词)‎ 一、名词表示人或事物的名称。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。‎ ‎ 1. 表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词, 开头第一个字母要大写。‎ ‎ 2. 由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。如：the United States。‎ 分类 含义 示例 专有名词 表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等名词的统称 April, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示某类人或事物中的个体 dictionary, pencil, chair, window, table, book, bike, ball, dog 集体名词 表示若干个体组合成的集体 family, police, class, group, team 不可数名词 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 rice, glass, mutton, bridge, paper. air, wood, wool, wheat, steel 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, interest, love 二、名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。‎ ‎ 1. 可数名词：表示能够以数计算的事物的名词。‎ 可数名词有单数和复数的区别, 表示一个时用单数, 多于一个用复数。如：a cat; two birds; many people。‎ ‎(l)名词复数的规则变化 构成方法 例词 ‎ 一般在词尾加一s desk—desks , mile—miles , bridge—bridges , horse—horses 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加es glass—glasses, box—boxes, brush—brushes , watch—watches 以th结尾的词加s bath—baths , path — paths , mouth —mouths,‎ month—months 以o结尾的词加s或es piano—pianos, photo —photos , radio —radios ‎ hero—heroes , potato—potatoes , tomato—tomatoes zero—zero( e) s , motto— motto ( e) s 以y结尾的词 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加es factory—factories , country—countries quality—qualities. ability— abilities 以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加s monkey—monkeys , toy—toys f，fe变为v再加es wolf—wolves, wife— wives, leaf—leaves , knife—‎ 以f或fe结尾的词 ‎ knives 个别词直接加s gulf —gulfs, belief— beliefs, roof— roofs 个别有两种复数形式 scarf—scarfs /scarves ‎ (2)名词复数的不规则变化 构成方法 例词 复合名词 一般情况下只变词尾 bedroom —bedrooms, highway— highways ‎ 把中心词变为复数 looker-on—lookers-on ；passer-by— passers-by 没有中心词将最后一个词变为复数形式 grown-up—grown-ups . go-between—go-betweens 由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时，man或woman写其他名词都要变为复数 a man-doctor— two men doctors, a woman teacher —three women teachers 特殊名词 改变内部元音 foot— feet, tooth—teeth, man—men ‎ 词尾加en或ren ox—oxen, child—children 单、复数同形 sheep— sheep, deer—deer, fish—fish ‎(3)复合名词的复数形式 ‎ ①只将主体名词变为复数形式。如：‎ ‎ a banana tree ---- some banana trees a boy student----- some boy students ‎ ②复合名词中两个名词都变成复数形式, 但第一个名词必须是man或woman。如：‎ ‎ a man doctor— two men doctors a woman teacher— three women teachers ‎ 注意：可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如： ‘‎ ‎ some, (a) few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, many ‎ 例题1‎ ‎ I can't understand the meaning of the passage though there are ______ new words in it.‎ ‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ‎ 【解析】 A few, a few修饰可数岩词复数, little, a little修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎ 【句意】尽管文章里没有多少新单词, 但我理解不了它的意思。故选A。‎ ‎ 例题2‎ ‎ --- Thanks for giving me the ‎ --- My pleasure. I hope they are of some value.‎ ‎ A. suggestions B. news C. message D. information ‎ 【解析】A根据答句不用谢, 我希望它们会有些价值判断用名词复数。news不可数, information不可数, message单数, 故选A。‎ ‎ 2. 不可数名词：不能以数计算而必须通过容器的量来表示的名词, 叫作不可数名词。通常使用的形式是：容器单位+of+物质名词。如a glass of milk; two bottles of orange juice。‎ ‎1. 一般情况下, 物质名词、抽象名词为不可数名词。 ‎ 物质名词无法分为个体的事物, 通常不能与不定冠词连用, 自身不能表示具体的数量, 如：water, coffee, time, money, bread, milk, gas, air, wind ‎ 等；抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念, 如：kindness（仁慈）, information(信息), advice（建议）, happiness（幸福）, progress(进步)等。‎ ‎ 2. 常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎ 例题3 Not much of the _______ is surprising in Guangzhou Daily today. ‎ ‎ A. ideas B. news C. opinions D. articles ‎ 【解析】 B 句中much of搭配不可数名词, news虽以“s”结尾, 但却是不可数名词, 其余均为可数名词复数, 故选B。‎ ‎ 例题4 --- Why are you so happy?‎ ‎ --- I have to do much __________ every day.‎ ‎ A. homework B. exercises C. sports ‎ 【解析】A本题考查名词的数。句意：——你为什么这么不开心？——我每天要做很多作业。much只能修饰不可数名词, 而exercises与sports都是可数名词复数, homework为不可数名词。所以选A。‎ 三、名词所有格的运用 ‎ 1. ’s形式的所有格 ‎ ’s形式的名词所有格主要用于人或动物的名称后, 表示“属于……所有”或修饰的关系。通常在名词后直接加’s, 如果遇到加了s或es的复数名词, 只能在名词后加’。要表示由两个或两个以上的人共同拥有的关系, 名词所有格在最后一个名词后加’s；若表示由两个或两个以上的人分别拥有的关系, 则在每个名词后都加’s；‎ ‎ 2. of短语构成的所有格：通常表示无生命事物的所有格, 常用of表示。如：the top of a box箱子的顶部；‎ ‎ 3. 双重所有格：of+’s结构叫双重所有格。如：‎ a friend of my mother's我母亲的一个朋友；‎ ‎ 注意：部分无生命词用’s或s’表示所有格。‎ ‎ 无生命的东西在下列情况可用’s或s’所有格：A)表示时间或路程。如：today's newspaper今天的报纸；three days' work三天的工作；five minutes' walk步行五分钟的路程。‎ B)表示度量衡及价值。如：a mile's distance 一英里的距离；twenty dollars' value 20美元的价值。‎ ‎ C)表示商店、医院、住宅等名称时, 常在名词后加’s表示全称。如：at the doctor's就等于at the doctor's office。‎ ‎ D)在one, body和some, any, no, every组合起来的复合不定代词后面加’s。如：someone's car 某人的车。但这些代词如果和else连用时, ’s应该放在else的后面。如：someone else's house。‎ ‎ 例题1 This turtle is ___________.‎ ‎ A. Tom and Tim B. Tom's and Tim ‎ C. Tom's and Tim's D. Tom and Tim's ‎ 【解析】D 由句中的谓语动词和主语可判断这只海龟属于他们两人所共有, 此时名词的所有格是在后一个名词后加“s”。故选D。‎ ‎ 例题2 一Whose room is this? Is it the ___________?‎ ‎--- Yes, it is_____________.‎ A. twins'; Tom and Tim's B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's C. twins’; Tom and Tim ‎【解析】 A 本题考查名词所有格结构。句意：——这是谁的房间？是双胞胎有吗？——是的, 是汤姆和蒂姆的。一个房间是他们两人所共有的, 所以第一空用复数名词的所有格结构, 第二空用Tom and Tim's。‎ ‎ 例题3 一It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhanby taking the newly-‎ built green railway.‎ ‎ - Yes. It' s said that _____________ is enough.‎ ‎ A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive ‎ C. fifteen minute's drive D. fifteen minutes' drive ‎ 【解析】D本题考查时间名词的所有格作定语。时间名词可以直接用’s和s’所有格结构作定语, 也可用数词加连字符加单数名词即fifteen-minute作定语。故本题只能选D。‎ 真题测试 测试时间：25分钟 满分:60分 ‎ ‎1. The ___________is the best place to chat and watch TV.‎ ‎ A. bedroom B. dining room C. living room D. bathroom ‎2. The car was out of __________ and hit a tree by the road.‎ ‎ A. danger B. breath C. control D. practice ‎3. After reading the novel Treasure Island. Paul has more _______ than before because of the main character brave Jim ‎ A. humour B. wealth C. luck D. courage ‎4. --Finding information is not a big deal today.‎ ‎ --- Well, the _________ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not ‎ A. courage B. message C. challenge D. knowledge ‎5. None of them talked. They finished their meal in __________.‎ ‎ A. silence B. order C. place D. public ‎6. ---I'm tired out these days.‎ ‎ ---Well, you'd better keep a ________ between work and play.‎ ‎ A. promise B. diary C. balance D. secret ‎7. --- Could you tell me the _________ of making such tasty cakes?‎ ‎ --- Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.‎ ‎ A. time B. method C. cost D. menu ‎8. --- Where are you going to spend your summer holiday, Jenny? ‎ ‎--- I haven't made a ___________ yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.‎ A. decision B. promise C. journey D. suggestion ‎ ‎9. In 2019, Liu Xiang's ________in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.‎ ‎ A. ability B. trade C. electricity D. memory ‎10. Dave really likes driving. I think being a_________ is just right for him.‎ ‎ A doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver ‎11. ---Is this photo taken in Tibet? '‎ ‎ ---- Yes . You can see beautiful snow mountains in the ________of the photo.‎ ‎ A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction ‎12. Could you please take my picture? Here is my__________ .‎ ‎ A. printer B. radio C. player D. camera ‎13. --- How can I get some __________ about the 2019 Olympic Games?‎ ‎ --- Why not search the Internet?‎ ‎ A. information B. experience C. practice D. success ‎14. There are lots of ____________ that students have to follow in school.‎ ‎ A. exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules ‎15. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ___________ in American___________.‎ A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures . C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures ‎16. --- Any special __________ this shopping mall now?‎ ‎--- Sure, we have the latest e-products on sale.‎ A. offer B. price C. brand D. service ‎17. I paid ￥10 for _____________ this morning.‎ ‎ A. 4 bottle milks B. 4 bottles of milk C. 4 bottles of milks D. 4 milk ‎18. Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as ____ to keep healthy.‎ A. tomatoes and potatoes B. tomatos and potatos C. tomatos and potatoes ‎19. --- There are a lot of _____________ of bike riding.‎ ‎ --- I agree. It's good for the environment and it saves money.‎ ‎ A. instructions B. instruments C. advantages D. products ‎20. ---What's your favorite, Jim? ‎ ‎---- My favorite is _________. I often listen to it on the MP3 player.‎ ‎ A. sports B. dance C. science D. music ‎21. --- I'm told your class has 3 newcomers.‎ ‎--- Yes. One is a _________ the other two are ________.‎ A. Japan; Germany B. Japanese; German C. Japanese; Germans D. Japanese; Germen ‎22. Yesterday Lucy told us such good _______ that we were all amazed at it. ‎ A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer ‎23. The Chinese saying "A tree can't make a forest" tells us that _______ is very important in a football match ‎ A ability B. decision C. teamwork D. experience ‎24. Time says that smart Lego has become one of __________ favorite toys.‎ A child B. children C. children's ‎25. Annie has a ____________ and she is going to see her dentist today.‎ ‎ A cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache ‎26. With the ____________ , we can choose one icon and click on it for more details.‎ ‎ A. menu B. printer C. screen D. mouse ‎27. The old man can't hear us well because there's something wrong with his _________.‎ ‎ A. mouth B. nose C. ears D. eyes ‎28. US First Lady Michelle Obama encouraged students to study abroad in her _________‎ ‎ when visiting Peking‎ ‎University on March 22, 2019.‎ ‎ A story B. speech C.1etter D. diary ‎29. ---Listen, they're talking about their _________ again!‎ ‎ --- Well, they hope it'll prove their answer right.‎ ‎ A. experiment B. agreement C. development D. environment ‎30. --- Nobody knows which team will win the 2019 World Cup in Brazil.‎ ‎ --- Yes. That is the ________of the beautiful game.‎ A. question B. luck C. hope D. magic 模拟测试 测试时间：25分钟 满分：60分 ‎ ‎1. A number of countries have shown great__________ in AIIB（亚洲投资银行）set up mainly by China ‎ A. hobby B habit C. interest D. notice ‎2. It's widely accepted that every tourist should have good _________.‎ ‎ A. methods B. moods C. minds D. manners ‎3. Mr White, the principal（校长）, has made a great ________ to the growth of the school.‎ ‎ A. contribution B. progress C. invention D. protection ‎4. 一I have won first ___________ in the Reading Competition.‎ ‎ -- Oh, wonderful. Congratulations!‎ ‎ A. award B. prize C. lesson D. result ‎5. 一My father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don't know how to use it.‎ ‎ --- Why not read the ________first before using it?‎ ‎ A. instructions B. inventions C. invitations D. interviews ‎6. 一We should all hold on to our dreams.‎ ‎ --- Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without ___________,which can't fly.‎ ‎ A. water B. wings C. clouds D. food ‎7. It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books, so it's important to have real ________ with languages, cultures and societies.‎ ‎ A. influence B. knowledge C. experiences D. communications ‎8. ---Can you describe what Mr Green's daughter is like?‎ ‎--- Oh, she has the very ________ of Mr Green I'm sure you can know her at the first sight.‎ ‎ A. photo B. voice C. look D. taste ‎9. 一Paul shows little_______________ in the piano competition.‎ ‎--- Yes, but his mother insists that he should catch the chance.‎ A. pain B. cause C. situation D. interest ‎10. The two cities have reached an have reached an ________ to develop science and technology. ‎ A. education B. excitement C. invention D. agreement ‎11. --- I have great______ in learning English and I am so worried. Could you help me?‎ ‎--- Sure. I would be glad to.‎ A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun ‎12. --- I don't know how to use my new instrument.‎ ‎--- It doesn't matter. Here is the ____________.‎ ‎ A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement ‎13. Qian Xuesen is a ____________who is the pioneer of China's space technology programme.‎ ‎ A. composer B. scientist C. writer D. president ‎14. Nowadays, more people pay attention to the air pollution. The government is taking action to change the terrible _________________.‎ ‎ A. situation B. condition C. background D. temperature ‎15. --- Cindy hasn't come back yet. I'm afraid she doesn't know the way.‎ ‎--- Don't worry. She has a pretty good _________ of direction.‎ A. sense B. feeling C. experience D. idea ‎16. You will find this map of great _________ in helping you to get round London. ‎ ‎ A. price B. cost C. value D. use ‎17. His latest movie has won high ________ from many people.‎ ‎ A. prize B. price C. praise D. practice ‎18. 一At present, microblogs are very popular among young people.‎ ‎ ---I agree with you. We like to share our __________on the Internet。‎ ‎ A. spirit B. ideas C fund D. cases ‎19. If you develop a ____________of talking with others in English, you'll improve your ‎ ability in speaking.‎ ‎ A. plan B. habit C. way D. chance ‎20. Jia Pingwa's novels are popular among adults and always get good __________ .‎ ‎ A. tips B. habits C. readers D. reviews ‎21. Oh, dear! There isn't enough ________ for us in the lift. Let's wait for the next.‎ ‎ A. floor B. seat C. room D. ground ‎22. --- Have you heard that Bread Talk used overdue (过期) powder to make bread? - --- Yes. The food safety is a serious ___________..‎ ‎ A. problem B. question C. course D. opinion ‎23. It is bad __________ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.‎ ‎ A. behavior B. evidence C. experience D. manner ‎24. --- Shall we go for a picnic?‎ ‎ --- Sorry. This is not the right______ to invite me . I am too busy to afford it ‎ A. chance B. situation C. place D. moment ‎25. Whenever I make mistakes, my mother will point them out with _________.‎ A. envy B. courage C. patience D. fear ‎26. I'd like a ________ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.‎ A. potato B. banana C. candy D. pie ‎27. Please pick me up at the __________.My plane arrives at 8:‎00 a. m.‎ A. hotel B. airport C. museum D. theatre ‎28. If you go to visit London, don't forget your ______ because it rains a lot.‎ ‎ A. passport B. money C. map D. umbrella ‎29. 一Wish you a pleasant journey!‎ ‎--- Thanks! I'11 give you a _________ as soon as I arrive in Paris.‎ ‎ A. ring B. hand C. ride D. present ‎30. 一Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?‎ ‎ --- Oh, it's a _____________.‎ A. suggestion B. secret C. reason D. problem 答案：‎ 真题测试：‎ ‎1-5. CCDCA 6-10. CBAAD 11-15. BDADC ‎16-20. ABACD 21-25. CACCD 26-30. DCBAD 模拟测试：‎ ‎1-5. CDABA 6-10. BCCDD 11-15. AABAA ‎16-20. CCDDB 21-25. CAADC 26-30. BBDAB