英语中考专项训练与讲解现在完成时态 7页

一、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：‎ ‎　　①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。‎ I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）‎ ‎——Have you found your lost pen yet?‎ ‎——No, I haven’t found it yet.（我很着急）‎ ‎　　②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点 /从句，for + 时间段，如for two months等。‎ ‎　二 、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别 ‎1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；‎ ‎2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。‎ ‎　三、在“it is first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be ...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。‎ 现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：‎ I haven't seen him for two years.‎ 但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。‎ 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：‎ ‎ arrive→be here die →be dead    begin(start)→be on    come back→be back   fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)   leave →be away   get up→be up   finish →be over    open →be open   close →be closed   borrow →keep 或 be on →be in 或 be a member of…   go to school→be a student   buy →have   catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)   begin to study→study   get to know →know   come to work→work 等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。‎ His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。‎ ‎ The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。‎ ‎ We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。‎ 几点注意事项 ‎（1）have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于 各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once , never,  several times 等连用，后者则不能。‎ He has been to Beijing.他去过北京（已经回来了）‎ He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （还没有回来）‎ have/has been in 待在某地 如：They have been in Beijing.他们呆在北京。‎ ‎（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连 用。 如：‎ I haven't left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。‎ 现在完成时态练习题 一 选择填空。‎ ‎(  ) 2. Her father ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years.‎ ‎(A) died ,dead                (B) has died, dead ‎(C) died ,has been dead        (D) has died, has died ‎(  ) 3.  I have _____this nice watch for two years.  ‎ ‎ (A) had     (B) bought     (C) borrowed     (D) lend ‎(  ) 4.He _____his home for ten years.‎ ‎(A)has left               (B)left from ‎(C)has been away from     (D)was away from ‎(  ) 5.He _____a league member for three years ‎(A)is     (B)has been    (C)has become  (D)have become ‎(  ) 6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years ‎ (A)joined the army      (C)become a soldier ‎ (B)been an army        (D)been in the army ‎(  ) 7.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school ‎(A)        left        (B)been away     (C)been     (D)away 二 选择填空 ‎ (  ) 1. ——Have you finished your homework ——Yes, I _______it last night ‎(A)        finish    (B)finished   (C)have finished  (D)will finish ‎( ) 2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year. (A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Did…go, went  (C)Have…been , went (D)Did…go, has , been )‎ ‎(  ) 3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York?‎ ‎ ——I _________her for two years ‎(A)        did…meet, haven't seen    (B)did…meet, don't see ‎ ‎(C) have…met,  haven't seen ‎ (  ) 4.He ______finished his homework yet .‎ ‎( A) didn’t    (B)haven’t    (C) hasn’t    (D) doesn’t have  ‎ ‎ (  )5.——Have you ________traveled on the banch?‎ ‎——Yes, I have.‎ ‎(A)just    (B)yet     C)never    (D)ever ‎(  )6..——Have you finished your homework ——Not__________‎ ‎(A)ever    (B)already .    (C)yet    (D)just .‎ ‎(  ) 7  We haven't finished our homework，_____.‎ ‎     (A) already     ( (B)ever    (C)yet    (D)never ‎(  )8.——Have you__________ learned English?‎ ‎——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.‎ ‎(A)never, ever     (B)ever, never    ‎ ‎(C)ever, already    (D)already. ever ‎(  ) 9.——Have you finished your homework ________?‎ ‎——Yes, I've _____done that.‎ ‎(A)            yet, already    (B)already, yet   (C)ever, never    (D)still, just ‎(  )10.John's father _______borrowed some pictures ‎(A ) has just  (B)have ever  (C)has yet  (D)have already 三  用 since 和 for 填空 ‎（一）‎ ‎ 1) ______ two years   _______ two years ago  2) _______ last month   3) _______ yesterday   4) _______ an hour ago 5) ______ she left here  6) _______ 4 o’clock  8) ______ 1999    ‎ ‎ 9) ______ 4 hours      10) _____ lunch time ‎（二）‎ ‎1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.‎ ‎2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.‎ ‎3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.‎ ‎4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.‎ ‎5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.‎ 四 单项选择题 ‎ (  )1.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years.‎ ‎（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since ‎（ )2. His father joined the party_________‎ ‎     (A)since three years ago    (B)in two years' time ‎ (C)for three years        (D)three years ago ‎3. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?‎ A. so they    B. don’t they    C. have they   D. haven’t they ‎4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.‎ A. have been to    B. have been in ‎ C. have been     D. have gone ‎5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary?‎ ‎- About two months.‎ ‎     A. did; buy   B. have; get    C. have; had   D. have; bought ‎6. He tells me he________ China for over five years ‎. A. has been      B. has been in   ‎ C. has been to     D. has gone to ‎China ‎ 7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to Nanjing?‎ ‎      A. How soon , comes B. How often, got ‎ C. How long , came D. How far, arrived ‎8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.‎ A. has come here     B. has started to work ‎ C. has lived there    D. has left the university ‎9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）?‎ ‎10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)‎ ‎ __________ have they been here?‎ ‎11. The old man _________last year.  He________ for a year.(die)‎ ‎12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 现在完成时态答案 一 2-5 C A C B   6D 7A 二 1-5 BCCCD  6-10 CCCAA ‎ 三 (一)  1)和9）用for 其余的用since ‎  （二）125用since    其余的用for 四 1-5 BDDCC  6-8 BCC  9 hasn.t he   10 How long   11 died; has been  dead ‎12  This factory has been  open  for twenty years ‎ ‎