中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结 23页

中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结 ‎1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .‎ 某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .‎ ‎※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。‎ ‎※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ？‎ The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater.=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .‎ He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone .‎ It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .‎ ‎2 . thanks for为…而感谢 ‎⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party .‎ thanks to 多亏/由于 ‎⑵______ your help .I got good grades .‎ ‎3 . 感叹句 ：多么… what + 名词 how + 形容词 / 副词 ‎⑴ ______ bad weather ！ ‎ ‎⑵ ______ hard he works ！‎ ‎⑶______ fresh vegetables ！ ‎ ‎⑷ ______ cute a monkey it is ！‎ ‎4 . 因为、由于 ： because（ 连词 ） +从句： （ 表示原因 ）‎ because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to ‎⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .‎ He was late for class ______ the bad weather .‎ He can’t come _____ he is ill .‎ Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather .‎ ‎※because和 so不能同时连用 。‎ ‎5 . 来自 ： be from = come from ‎⑴ Where are you from ？ = Where ______ you ______ ______ ？‎ ‎⑵ He is from Tibet. = He ______ ______ Tibet.‎ ‎6 .How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语 ‎　　How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语 ‎　　How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用 in+时间段 ‎　　How far 询问多长距离（多长）‎ ‎　　⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ？ -For ten years.‎ ‎　　⑵- ______ do you go shopping ？ -Sometimes.‎ ‎　　⑶ - ______ will your father come back ？ - In two years.‎ ‎　　⑷- _____ do you exercise ？ - Once a week.‎ ‎　　⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ？ - About ten miles.‎ ‎　　⑹- _____ are you staying there ？ - Two weeks.‎ ‎7 . 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语 by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语 交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...‎ ‎⑴ He takes a bus to bank 。= He goes to bank by bus 。 = He goes to bank on a bus .‎ ‎⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ .‎ ‎※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car ‎8 . 对不起 ： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话 ）‎ Sorry （ 表示道歉 ）‎ ‎⑴ ______ .Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ？‎ ‎⑵–Would you mind cleaning your room ？ - ______ . I’ll do it right away.‎ ‎⑶- Don’t eat in class 。 - _____ 。 Ms Clark .‎ ‎⑷ _____ ， is this the way to the station ？‎ ‎9 . 声音 ： sound （ 自然界各种声音 ）‎ noise（噪音）‎ voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）‎ ‎⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ . ⑵That ______ like a good idea.‎ ‎⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping.‎ ‎10 .look like （外貌看起来像… ）‎ be like （ 性格像… ）‎ ‎⑴ Lily _____ _____ Lucy 。 Oh ， they are twins.‎ ‎⑵ Tony ______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful .‎ ‎11 . take… to … 带去 bring…to …带来 fetch 没有方向性（强调来回）‎ ‎⑴ Tony 。 ______ the ball here 。Please.‎ ‎⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays.‎ ‎⑶ ______ your homework _____ school tomorrow.‎ ‎12. 一些 ： some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 ‎⑴ I’d like ______ milk.‎ ‎⑵ –Would you like ______ yogurt ？‎ ‎_ Thanks . I don’t want ______ .‎ ‎※ 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some。‎ ‎13. 多少 ： How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 ‎⑴ ______ juice do you want ？ ‎ ‎⑵ ______ apples do you want ？‎ ‎⑶- ______is the T-shirt ？ –It’s 30 yuan 。‎ ‎※ How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ？‎ ‎14. 看 ：see 强调看的结果 look （ at ） 不及物动词，强调看的动作 watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影 read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志 ‎⑴Don’t______ in bed.‎ ‎⑵ We will ______ a basketball game this evening.‎ ‎⑶ Please ______ the blackboard. Everyone.‎ ‎⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday.‎ ‎※On Saturday night. I saw an interesting talk show.‎ On Saturday evening. several kids watched a movie. watch a movie =go to a movie ‎15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking ‎ stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 ‎⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ （cry ）.‎ ‎⑵ He was tired and stopped ______ （have ） a rest.‎ ‎16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：‎ forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）→ He forgot to turn off the light.（没有做关灯的动作） Remember to go to the post office after school.‎ orget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：‎ ‎△forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）→ He forgot turningoff the light 。（已做过关灯的动作） ‎ Don’t you remember seeing the man before ？‎ ‎17. 到达… reach + 地点 get to + 地点 reach = get to arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 ‎⑴ He reached London yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . = He ______ in London yesterday.‎ ‎⑵ She arrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ You should ______ （ get ） home on time.‎ ‎※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to ‎18. 擅长，在…方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in ‎ ‎⑴ She is good at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry.‎ ‎⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin. = Niuniu ______ well in ______ the violin.‎ ‎⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls . Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily , but Lily _____ ______ in singing than Lucy.‎ ‎19. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize beat（ 打败、战胜 ）接运动员、球队、对手等。‎ ‎⑴ Which team ______ the football match ？‎ ‎⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles.‎ ‎20. 借 borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入 lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出 keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。‎ ‎⑴ Can you lend me your bike ？ = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ？‎ ‎⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother. = You can borrow yourbrother ____ ____.‎ ‎⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ？‎ ‎- You can _____ it for two weeks.‎ ‎※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on die — be dead return — be back ‎① become He has ______ a doctor.‎ He has ______ a doctor for 10 years.‎ ‎② begin The film has ______.‎ he film has _________ for ten minutes.‎ ‎21.能，会。be able to,can ‎※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。‎ ‎⑴ We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow.‎ ‎⑵ I can ______ （play） the guitar 。⑶ He ______ able to play chess.‎ ‎22. too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house.‎ too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin.‎ much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive.‎ ‎⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health.‎ ‎⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today. You’d better not go out.‎ ‎⑶There are______ ______ students in the hallways. It’s dangerous.‎ ‎23. have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing. （现在不在北京）‎ have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing. （现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中）‎ have/hasbeen in / at在某地 ‎⑴I have ever _______ ______ America twice.‎ ‎⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years.‎ ‎⑶– Where is your brother ？‎ ‎- He______ ______ to Hainan.‎ ‎⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ？‎ ‎24. used to do sth.过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .‎ be（get）used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early.‎ be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing.‎ ‎⑴ XiaoGang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark.‎ ‎⑵ Thebroom is ______ ______ clean the room. = The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room.‎ ‎⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside 。There is fresh air and sweet well.‎ ‎⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper.‎ ‎25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于）‎ be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）‎ ‎⑴It must ______ Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning.‎ ‎⑵ The pencil must be ______ （my） . = The pencil must belong to ______ （my）.‎ ‎⑶ This ball ______ to me .= This ball is ______.‎ ‎26. can’t 不可能 0‎ 表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪‎ must 肯定、一定 100﹪‎ ‎⑴ The CD _____ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music.‎ ‎⑵ The notebook ______ be mine . It has my name on it.‎ ‎⑶ The toy ______ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old man .‎ ‎27. be made from （由…制成）看不出原材料 be made of （由…制成）看得出原材料 ‎⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood.‎ ‎⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood.‎ ‎28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 prefer sth 。 to sth 。 喜欢…而不喜欢…‎ prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…‎ ‎⑴ I prefer ______ （swim） to ______ （play） balls.‎ ‎⑵ He _______ fish to beef.‎ ‎⑶ I prefer to ______ （walk） to work.‎ ‎29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： ‎ ‎—ed 修饰人 ‎—ing 修饰物 ‎⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ （relaxing/relaxed）.‎ ‎⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story .（interesting/interested ）‎ ‎※ interesting（有趣的） — interested（感兴趣的） tiring（累人的）— tired（累的，疲倦的）‎ boring （令人无聊的）— bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）— excited（激动的）‎ surprising（令人惊讶的） — surprised（惊讶的）‎ relaxing（令人放松的） — relaxed（放松的）‎ embarrassing （令人尴尬的；令人为难的） — embarrassed （尴尬的；为难的）‎ ‎30. the number of + 名词复数（…的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。‎ a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many ‎⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80.‎ ‎⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School.‎ ‎31. for + 一段时间 since + 时间点/过去时的句子 ‎⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years.‎ ‎⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old .‎ ‎⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago.‎ ‎※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years . = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______.‎ ‎32. 除…之外 except （不包括在内）→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim .‎ besides （包括在内）→There are three girls besides me.‎ ‎⑴ We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang.‎ ‎⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun.‎ ‎33. already 用于肯定句中（已经）‎ yet 用于疑问句末（已经）‎ 用于否定句末（还）‎ ‎⑴ Have you seen the film ______ ？ ‎ ‎⑵ I haven’t locked the door ______.‎ ‎⑶ Mom has _______ watered the flowers.‎ ‎34. 否定祈使句 Don’t + v.‎ No + v.ing / n.‎ ‎⑴ Don’t smoke here. = ______ ______ here. ⑵ Don’t take photos. = ______ ______.‎ ‎35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day ， too ？‎ either 放否定句末 also 放肯定句中 ‎※ also放在实意动词前，be之后.‎ ‎⑴ She is a girl. I am a girl ,______ . ‎ ‎⑵ He ______ likes collecting things .‎ ‎⑶ Lily doesn’t like junk food . Her good friend doesn’t like it,_______.‎ ‎⑷ - I like soap operas, –I do ， _____.‎ ‎⑸ - I can’t watch TV on school nights, –I can’t ， _____.‎ ‎36. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students.‎ ‎37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人 need doing sth 主语是物 ‎⑴ The classroom _____ cleaning. It’s too dirty. ‎ ‎⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot.‎ ‎⑶ It’s very hot and dry. You need ______（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need ______ （water).‎ ‎38. through →介词： 从内部穿过 （park）‎ across →介词：从表面穿过 cross →动词（road, street,bridge）‎ ‎⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street.‎ ‎⑵ The manwent______ the forest.‎ ‎⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel（隧道).‎ ‎⑷He swam _____ the river.‎ ‎⑸ We drove _____ the desert （沙漠）. ‎ ‎⑹Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue.‎ ‎39. Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth.‎ 提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth.‎ Let’s do sth.‎ ‎⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ？ = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ？‎ ‎⑵ Let’s _____ （go） out for a walk . ‎ ‎⑶ How about _____ （practice） conversations ？‎ ‎40. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（…也是如此）‎ Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（…也不）‎ ‎※ 它们都属于倒装句。‎ ‎⑴ My mother didn’t go to school. ______ ______ my father.‎ ‎⑵ James comes from theUSA . ______ ______ Tom. ‎ ‎⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese. ______ ‎______‎‎ ‎I.‎ = Me ______.‎ ‎⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing. ______ ‎______‎‎ ‎I.‎ = Me ______.‎ ‎41. both 两者都 all三者或三者以上都 ‎⑴ The twins _____ are good students.‎ ‎⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets.‎ ‎⑶ There are five people in my family. We ______ like playing sports. My parents ______ love us. We are very happy.‎ ‎42. alone 单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home.‎ lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country.‎ ‎⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends.‎ ‎⑵ She lives _____ in that large house.‎ ‎43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree.‎ on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree.‎ ‎⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ？‎ ‎⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree.‎ ‎44. in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面 ‎⑴ There is a map _____ the wall.‎ ‎⑵ There is a door _____ the wall.‎ ‎45. on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed.‎ in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed.‎ ‎⑴ There is a jacket ___________.‎ ‎⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock.‎ ‎46. 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此…以至于…）‎ so是副词，后接adj和adv 。‎ 句型：‎ ‎△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize.‎ ‎△so+adj+a（n）+n.+that从句 = such+a（n）+adj+n。+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice. = That was such an interesting story that I read it twice.‎ such是形容词，后接n.‎ 句型：‎ ‎△such+a（n）+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him.‎ ‎△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming.‎ ‎⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’catch him . ‎ ‎⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her.‎ ‎⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question.= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question.‎ ‎⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it.‎ ‎※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：‎ He is so young that he can’t go to school.‎ ‎= He is too young to go to school.‎ ‎= He is not old enough to go to school.‎ ‎47. 引导时间状语从句 ：‎ when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV ， he came in. = When he came in ， I was watching TV.‎ while+延续性动词（多用进行时）→While I was in Shanghai ，I visited him .‎ ‎⑴ _____ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door.‎ ‎⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice ， he stopped crying.‎ ‎⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework.‎ ‎48. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换.‎ I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five.‎ ‎49. instead 放句首、句末 instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than ‎ ‎⑴ I will go to see her ______ you . ‎ ‎⑵ He doesn’t like beer. give him coke ______.‎ ‎⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud.‎ ‎50. be famous as （作为…而知名） as + 职业/身份/地位→Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl.‎ be famous for （以…而著名） for + 出名的原因→Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.‎ ‎⑴ Li Bai is famous ______ a poet. ‎ ‎⑵ Jackie Chan ia famous ______ his action movies.‎ ‎⑶ France ia famous _____its fine food and wine.‎ ‎51. 看起来像是…似乎/好像… （sb/sth） seems to do sth It seems that +从句 ‎⑴ It _____ _____ he feels very sad. = He _____ _____ _____ very sad.‎ ‎⑵ She seems to want to have a drink. = _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink.‎ ‎52. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 ‎ ‎⑴ I will show you where you should go . = I will show you _____ _____ _____.‎ ‎⑵ Idon’t know what to do . = I don’t know what _____ . A should I do B I should do ‎⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ？= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____ Summer Palace ？‎ ‎※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ （天气如何）in Chongqi ？‎ ‎53. 问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用.‎ problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配.‎ ‎⑴ Please answer my ________ in English. ‎ ‎⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______.‎ ‎⑶ This is a difficult _______ to answer.‎ ‎54. family家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）→My family are kind people.‎ home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩）→Welcome to my home.‎ house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）→They moved to their new house last year.‎ ‎⑴ How many people are there in your _____？ ‎ ‎⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____.‎ ‎⑶ I love Chengdu ， I looked Chengdu as my ______.‎ ‎55. in front of （在…前面） 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .‎ in the front of （在…前部） 在某一范围内的前面→Two personsare sitting in the front of the car.‎ ‎⑴ The policeman stands ____________ the car. ‎ ‎⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car.‎ ‎56. 在晚上，在夜里 at night on + a + adj + night ‎⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night. ‎ ‎⑵ He met a thief _____ a cold night.‎ ‎57. 在…之间 between （两者之间）多与and连用.‎ among（三者或三者以上的人或物之间）‎ ‎⑴ She is sitting ______ Lucy and Lily. ‎ ‎⑵ He built a house ______ the trees.‎ ‎58. sometimes 不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）→Sometimes I go to school by bus.‎ some times 几次（此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”）→He has been to Shanghai some times.‎ sometime 某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）→ I saw him sometime last year.‎ some time 一段时间（此时time是不可数名词）→ He will stay here for some time.‎ ‎⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week. ‎ ‎⑵ _______ the boy is late for school.‎ ‎⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair. So he missed the early bus.‎ ‎⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________.‎ ‎59. wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses.‎ put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）→Kate puts on her hat and goes out.‎ be in + 颜色/服饰（强调状态）→The girl in red is my sister.‎ dress + 人/反身代词 （给某人穿） →She dresses her daughter every morning.‎ ‎⑴ You’d better ______ your coat. ‎ ‎⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair.‎ ‎⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend. ‎ ‎⑷ He is too young to ______ himself.‎ ‎⑸ Miss Li often _____ the white sports shoes.‎ ‎※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）→He is dressed in a black coat 。他常穿着黑色的外套。‎ ‎60. play + 球类、棋类名词（不加the ）play badminton / play chess / play computer games play the +乐器名词。（必须加the） play the violin ‎⑴ - Do you like to play ______ football after class ， Li Lei ？‎ ‎- Yes ，I do.‎ ‎⑵ Sam can’t play ________ （piano）， but he can play ________ （chess）.‎