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时态讲解
一般现在时态
【展示平台】
1 一般现在时态用来表示经常，反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词sometimes（有时）, often（经常）, usually（通常）, always（总是）等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening（在上午/下午/晚上）, every day/ week/ month/ year（每天/周/月/年, at noon/night（在中午/夜里）, on Monday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般现在时态中。如：
Bruce usually walks to school. 布鲁斯通常步行去上学。
We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。
2 表示现在的特征或状态。如：
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。
3 表示事实或客观真理，或在谚语中，也用一般现在时。如：
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
【相关链接】
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：
1）一般在动词后直接加s。 如：talk –talks, live –lives。
2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如： watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry – carries, fly –flies。
4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。
【牵手中考】
1. Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays
A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped
2. —What did the teacher say just now?
—He said that the earth ________ round the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
现在进行时态
【展示平台】
1 现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now, at the moment连用。如：
They are singing at the moment. 他们正在唱歌。
Li Ming is making a report now. 李明现在正在做报告
2 表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达，此时常和时间状语these days 连用。
如： We are mending the car these days. 这些日子我们一直在修车。
3 某些瞬间动词如come, leave, arrive, die 等用现在进行时表示将来，即这个动作将要发生。
如：She says she is coming soon. 她说她马上就来。
The match girl is dying. 那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。
【相关链接】
1 现在分词（即V-ing形式）的构成
1）一般在动词的后面直接加-ing 。如：listen – listening, look – looking .
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing. 如：take –taking , make –making .
3）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit –sitting, stop –stopping .
4）特殊的如：lie – lying, die – dying 等。
2．always用于一般现在时用于说明事实，一般不带有感情色彩；而现在进行时与always（即be always doing sth.）连用，常表示说话人的某种感情，如：赞扬，批评，厌烦等。如：
He always works late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示事实）
He is always working late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示赞扬）
He is always talking big.他老爱说大话。（表示厌烦）
【牵手中考】
1. Look! The boys ________ happily in the river.
A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming
2. ---Can your brother make a model airplane?
---Yes, this week he _______ a new model.
A. builds B. is built C. had built D. is building
3. —Shall we invite Tom to play football now?
—Oh, no. He ________ his clothes.
A. is washing B. washes C. has washed
一般过去时态
【展示平台】
1 一般过去时态场用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2019（在2019年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）。如：
He went to the park yesterday. 她昨天去了公园。（表示过去某个时间发生的动作）
I was ten years old in 2019. 我2019年才10岁。（表示过去某个时间存在的状态）
2 表示过去习惯性的动作也用一般过去时。此时常和表示频率的副词：always（总是）， often（经常）, sometimes（有时）等连用。如：
He always went to school early last year. 他去年总是早早上学。
3 表达去世的人所做的事往往也用一般过去时。如：
Ying Zheng was the first king in China. 赢政是中国的第一个皇帝。
【相关链接】
在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。变化规则如下：
1）一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed 。如：play –played , look –looked 。
2）以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like –liked, use –used。
3）与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i 再加ed。 如：carry – carried, marry - married。
4）以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop –stopped, prefer –preferred。
当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：put –put, see –saw, eat –ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！
【牵手中考】
1.What ______ to her yesterday evening?
A. was happened B. happened C. happening D. happen
2. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
—I________ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. hasn’t slept D. won’t sleep
3. —When ____ you _____ your old friends?
—The day before yesterday.
A. will; visit B. did; visit C. / ; visit D. have; visited
一般将来时态
【展示平台】
1 一般将来时常用来表示将要发生的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有： tomorrow（明天）, the day after tomorrow（后天）, soon（不久）, in two weeks（两个星期后）, next year（明年）等。如：
She will return to Beijing next week. 她下周将要回到北京。
2 某些瞬间动词如：come, go, arrive, fly 等用在现在进行时态中常表示将来。如：
She says she is coming. 她说她一会儿就到。
3 一般将来时基本句型如下：
1）肯定句：主语+be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形+其他
2）主语+will / shall (常用于第一人称)+ 动词原形+其他
【牵手中考】
1. --- Isn’t Jim back yet?
--- No, but I think he _________ in half an hour.
A. returned B. will return C. has returned D. returns
2. --- There ________ a concert (音乐会) this evening.
--- Yeah! Exciting news!
A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have
现在完成时
构成： have (has) +过去分词
（一）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如： Have you read that story？
你读过那个故事吗？
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
I have bought two apples．
我买了两个苹果。
（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。
（二）表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；
2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：
for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。
如：for three years, for half an hour等。
since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。
3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，
如: come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away,
begin→be on, stop→ be over， buy→ have, borrow→ keep,
open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of,
die→be dead,
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一 从概念上区别一般过去时与现在完成时
虽然两个时态都是表示过去时间发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在有关，表示对现在产生的影响或结果；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，跟现在没有关系。
如：I have cleaned our classroom. 我已经打扫了教室。
现在教室里很干净，“过去打扫”这一动作对目前产生的结果。（现在完成时）
I cleaned our classroom just now. 刚才我打扫了教室。
不涉及教室目前是否干净。（一般过去时）
二 从时间状语上加以区分
现在完成时属于“现在”时间范围。因而不能与表示过去的时间状语连用：一般过去是表示过去时间里发生的动作，不能与表示和现在时间有联系的时间状语连用。
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2019等；
而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：Danny and Brian have been in China since 2019.
Danny and Brian were in China in 2019.
过去进行时
1. 过去进行时态用来表示过去某一具体时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本构成为was / were +doing。常用在过去进行时态中的时间状语有at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock last night，at that time等以及由when或while引导的时间状语从句。
eg: I was listening to the radiio at half past eight yesterday morning.
What were you doing when I knocked at the door?
【中考链接】--- Were you at home at nine o’clock last night?
--- Yes, I _________ a shower at that time. （2019·吉林）
A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking
2. 表示在过去的某一时间同事发生的两个动作，往往用过去进行时态来表示延续的动作，用一般过去时态来表示短暂的动作。此外，while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作（动词应为延续性动词）；此时，强调动作同时进行。
eg: Mum was cooking dinner when I returned home.
Danny was writing a while we were watching TV.
① The children ______ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to
rain.
A. have B. am having C. had D. were having
② I ______my homework while my parents ______ TV last night.
A. did, have watched B. was doing, were watching
C. had done, were watching D. would do, were watching
现在完成时
构成： have (has) +过去分词
（一）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如： Have you read that story？
你读过那个故事吗？
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
I have bought two apples．
我买了两个苹果。
（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。
（二）表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；
2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：
for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。
如：for three years, for half an hour等。
since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。
3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，
如: come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away,
begin→be on, stop→ be over， buy→ have, borrow→ keep,
open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of,
die→be dead,
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一 从概念上区别一般过去时与现在完成时
虽然两个时态都是表示过去时间发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在有关，表示对现在产生的影响或结果；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，跟现在没有关系。
如：I have cleaned our classroom. 我已经打扫了教室。
现在教室里很干净，“过去打扫”这一动作对目前产生的结果。（现在完成时）
I cleaned our classroom just now. 刚才我打扫了教室。
不涉及教室目前是否干净。（一般过去时）
二 从时间状语上加以区分
现在完成时属于“现在”时间范围。因而不能与表示过去的时间状语连用：一般过去是表示过去时间里发生的动作，不能与表示和现在时间有联系的时间状语连用。
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2019等；
而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：Danny and Brian have been in China since 2019.
Danny and Brian were in China in 2019.
过去进行时
1. 过去进行时态用来表示过去某一具体时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本构成为was / were +doing。常用在过去进行时态中的时间状语有at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock last night，at that time等以及由when或while引导的时间状语从句。
eg: I was listening to the radiio at half past eight yesterday morning.
What were you doing when I knocked at the door?
【中考链接】--- Were you at home at nine o’clock last night?
--- Yes, I _________ a shower at that time. （2019·吉林）
A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking
2.
表示在过去的某一时间同事发生的两个动作，往往用过去进行时态来表示延续的动作，用一般过去时态来表示短暂的动作。此外，while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作（动词应为延续性动词）；此时，强调动作同时进行。
eg: Mum was cooking dinner when I returned home.
Danny was writing a while we were watching TV.
① The children ______ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to
rain.
A. have B. am having C. had D. were having
② I ______my homework while my parents ______ TV last night.
A. did, have watched B. was doing, were watching
C. had done, were watching D. would do, were watching
时态练习秀(show)
秀场一 词汇考查
A）根据句意，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. My teacher usually ________ to work every day. (walk)
2. Mr. Read _______ a report in his office now. (write)
3. I ________ to the station to meet my friends soon. (go)
4. Look! How heavily it is ________! (rain)
5. My father ________ in Tokyo three days ago. (arrive)
B）根据句意及所给汉语提示，完成句子。
6. Jim is _______ on his coat in his bedroom. (穿)
7. They ________ to read English at 6:30 yesterday morning. (开始)
8. Mum often ________ dishes after supper. (洗)
9. I like __________ music very much. (听)
10. She _________ an English song for us tomorrow. (唱)
秀场二 单项选择
( ) 11. Look! The children _________ happily now.
A. play badminton B. playing badminton
C. will play badminton D. are playing badminton
( ) 12. He usually _______ a bus to school last year.
A. takes B. taking C. took D. take
( ) 13. --- ________ you at home yesterday evening?
--- Yes, I _______ with my sister.
A. Were, were B. Was, was C. Were, was D. Was, were
( ) 14. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.
--- Really? Where ______ he _____?
A. has, gone B. will, go C. did, go D. does, go
( ) 15. Mr. Guo _______ English on the radio every morning.
A. studies B. studying C. study D. am studying
( ) 16. --- Why didn’t you give me a call at that time?
--- I _______. But nobody answered the phone.
A. do B. will C. have D. did
( ) 17. Is there _______ an English party tonight?
A. have B. having C. going to have D. going to be
( ) 18. My mother ______ noodles, but my father ________.
A. likes, doesn’t B. don’t like, do C. likes, didn’t D. didn’t like, do
( ) 19. --- May I borrow your CD player?
--- Sorry, I ________ it myself.
A. am using B. used C. have used D. use
( ) 20. Listen! The radio says it ________ tomorrow morning.
A. snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snowed
秀场三 改错练习
下面的5个句子中各有1处错误，请指出并改正。
( ) 21. Father often cooking for us every morning. __________________
( ) 22. Edison didn’t bought a present for his sister. __________________
( ) 23. There are going to have two matches tomorrow. __________________
( ) 24. Look! How fast Allen is runing! ____________________
( ) 25. What's happen over there? Let's go and have a look. ______________________
秀场四 阅读理解
请认真阅读王莉写给海伦的一封信，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
July 22nd, 2019
Dear Helen,
How ______ (be) you these days?
I’m busy working nowadays(最近). I often _______ (have) a lot of homework to do every day. Every morning, I ________ (get) up very early. But this morning, I ______ (be) late for school. My teacher _______ (be) very angry, so she ________ (make) me copy the text (抄课文). Bad luck (倒霉) !
By the way, what _______ (be) you ________ (do) now?
Oh, I must stop. You know I ________(copy) the text soon. Bye for now!
现在完成时
构成： have (has) +过去分词
（一）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如： Have you read that story？
你读过那个故事吗？
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
I have bought two apples．
我买了两个苹果。
（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。
（二）表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；
2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：
for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。
如：for three years, for half an hour等。
since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。
3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，
如: come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away,
begin→be on, stop→ be over， buy→ have, borrow→ keep,
open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of,
die→be dead,
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一 从概念上区别一般过去时与现在完成时
虽然两个时态都是表示过去时间发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在有关，表示对现在产生的影响或结果；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，跟现在没有关系。
如：I have cleaned our classroom. 我已经打扫了教室。
现在教室里很干净，“过去打扫”这一动作对目前产生的结果。（现在完成时）
I cleaned our classroom just now. 刚才我打扫了教室。
不涉及教室目前是否干净。（一般过去时）
二 从时间状语上加以区分
现在完成时属于“现在”时间范围。因而不能与表示过去的时间状语连用：一般过去是表示过去时间里发生的动作，不能与表示和现在时间有联系的时间状语连用。
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2019等；
而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：Danny and Brian have been in China since 2019.
Danny and Brian were in China in 2019.
过去进行时
1. 过去进行时态用来表示过去某一具体时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，其基本构成为was / were +doing。常用在过去进行时态中的时间状语有at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock last night，at that time等以及由when或while引导的时间状语从句。
eg: I was listening to the radiio at half past eight yesterday morning.
What were you doing when I knocked at the door?
【中考链接】--- Were you at home at nine o’clock last night?
--- Yes, I _________ a shower at that time. （2019·吉林）
A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking
2. 表示在过去的某一时间同事发生的两个动作，往往用过去进行时态来表示延续的动作，用一般过去时态来表示短暂的动作。此外，while用来引导时间状语从句时，也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作（动词应为延续性动词）；此时，强调动作同时进行。
eg: Mum was cooking dinner when I returned home.
Danny was writing a while we were watching TV.
① The children ______ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to
rain.
A. have B. am having C. had D. were having
② I ______my homework while my parents ______ TV last night.
A. did, have watched B. was doing, were watching
C. had done, were watching D. would do, were watching
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