中考英语名词专项练习 11页

一、 教学目标：‎ 名词用法 二、 教学内容：‎ 中考名词考点总结及练习 一、名词介绍 ‎1.名词分类 ‎ 专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构和组织名称。‎ ‎ Lucy‎, ‎China, the Great Wall ‎ ‎ 普通名词：‎ ‎ A.可数：个体 dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball ‎ 集体名词 family,police,class,group,team ‎ B.不可数：物质，物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料，‎ rice,glass,porridge, paper,air,wood,wheat,steel ‎ 抽象，表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念 ‎ Knowledge, danger,health, life, homework ‎2.名词变复数 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/‎ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/‎ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/‎ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/‎ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 y —i再加es 读 /z/‎ baby---babies 一般：加-s, cakes, days,students,beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾名词，加-es, buses, boxes, watches 以辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i,加-es, baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries 以元音字母加y结尾，加-s, toy-toys,monkey-monkeys 以f(fe)结尾，变f(fe)为ves, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾， 加-s, face-faces, orange-oranges 不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母，man-men woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 单复数形式相同，fish-fish, sheep-sheep,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese 其他其他形式，mouse-mice 国别：‎ 国籍 总称（谓语用复数）‎ 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese　 ‎ two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians　 ‎ an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 以o结尾名词，加es, negro, hero, tomato,potato 名词作定语变复数：‎ ‎1)     用复数作定语。例如：‎ sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 ‎　　 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 ‎2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：‎ ‎　　 men workers　　women teachers　　gentlemen officials ‎3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：‎ ‎　　 goods train （货车） arms produce　武器生产 ‎　　　　 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 ‎　4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：‎ two-dozen eggs　两打鸡蛋　 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.　一个五年计划 ‎3.不可数名词的数：数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词，量词可单复数，但of 后的名词只用原形，如a piece of paper, a drop of water, two cups of tea ‎4.名词所有格：’s和of 形式。’s 形式表示有生命的东西，of所有格用来表示无生命的东西 ‎ my brother’s book the windows of the room 两个并列单数名词表示两者共有时，在最后一个名词后加’s ‎ This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.‎ ‎ Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.‎ 如果表示两者分别有，那么两个词都要加’s ‎ These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.‎ 如果以s结尾名词，其后加’,其他形式加’s Teachers’ Day Children’s Day 店铺、医院名称加’s, at the doctor’s someone,everybody,no one和else, 在else后加’s, 如 somebody else’s pencil 表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，可以在词尾加’s 或’来构成所有格。‎ A. 用于时间 An hour’s ride B. 用于度量 Thirteen tons’ weight C.用于价值 A hundred yuan’s order D. 用于天体 The earth’s satellite E. 用于国家 Belgium‎’s capital F. 用于城市 The Ural’s industry ‎5. 双重所有格：of+名词所有格，of+名词性物主代词 表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no等。‎ This is a picture of mine.‎ 这是我的一张照片。‎ 双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：‎ He is a friend of your father's.‎ 他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）‎ He is a friend of your father.‎ 他是你父亲的朋友。（强调他对你父亲的友好）‎ ‎6.名词转化 ‎ 某些名词后加y变形容词，表示“充满…的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny ‎ 某些名词后加ful变形容词，表示“…性质的”，use-useful, care-careful ‎ 部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词，具有赞美意味。Friend-friendly, lovely ‎ 某些名词后加less表示没有，careless, useless 二、名词用法 作主语，English is useful.‎ 做定语，paper tigers, work places 做宾语，She learns Chinese hard every day.‎ 做表语，Tom is my good friend.‎ 做宾语补足语， They chose the boy monitor.‎ 三、既是可数又是不可数名词的意义不同:‎ Work工作-a work著作，glass玻璃-a glass玻璃杯，paper纸-a paper报纸，文件，试卷 Tea茶-a tea一种茶，wood木头-a wood小树林，room空间-a room空间 非复数：physics, maths, politics, news 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）　trousers,　clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;　suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：‎ This factory produces steel.　（不可数）‎ We need various steels.　（可数）‎ 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：‎ Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。‎ Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。‎ ‎ The girl was washing greens.‎ ‎ Our returns are not as good as before.‎ ‎ Please hand in your papers at once.‎ ‎ Mary lost her good looks when she was old.‎ 四、名词动词化 ‎1. Don’t brother me.‎ ‎2. Don’t sir me!‎ ‎3. The dog nosed the door open.‎ ‎4. He mouthed down a piece of cake.‎ 三、课堂练习：‎ 填空：‎ Japanese_________, Frenchman_________, American__________, Egyptian_________‎ German__________, Australian___________, potato__________, tomato__________‎ photo________, piano________, kangaroo_________, bamboo_________‎ woman driver__________, apple tree_________‎ ‎2.把下列名词变为形容词 wind_______有风的，rain________有雨的，dirt_______脏的，health_______健康的，‎ help________有帮助的，joy________十分喜悦的，brother________兄弟般的 hope_______没希望的，fear________无畏的 单选：‎ ‎1. –Hi，Tom. Could you help me cut up the meat for dumplings?‎ ‎ --Ok, Mom. But where is the___?‎ ‎ A. knife B. fork C. spoon D. chopsticks ‎2. I was not at home when the___brought the package, so I’ll have to get it myself at the post office.‎ ‎ A. bus driver B. mail carrier C. police officer D. shopkeeper ‎3. Why not go to the Great Wall this Saturday?—I’m afraid it’s not a good__. Many of us have been there.‎ ‎ A. place B. day C. plan D. idea ‎4. When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew__was bad.‎ ‎ A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news ‎5. A group of__will visit the museum tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. Hungarian B. Autralian C. Japanese D. American ‎6. I wonder why___are interested in action films.‎ ‎ A.people B.peoples C. the people D. the peoples ‎7.Let’s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of___.‎ ‎ A. the People’s Park B. the Peoples’ Park ‎ C. the People‎ ‎Park D. People’s Park ‎8. The farmer raised ten___.‎ ‎ A. sheeps B.deers C. horse D. cows ‎9. They got much___from those new books.‎ ‎ A. ideas B. photos C. information D.stories ‎10. –What would you like to drink, girls?‎ ‎ --_____, please.‎ ‎ A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees ‎11. Today is September 10th. It’s___Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teacher.‎ ‎ A. Teachers B. Teachers’ C. the teachers’ D. Teacher’s ‎12. There are about 50__in our school.‎ ‎ A. women doctors B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. woman workers ‎13. My mother bought me___last Saturday.‎ ‎ A.two trousers B. two pair of trousers C. two pairs of trousers D. two pairs trousers ‎14. I want to have a __with you about the problem.‎ ‎ Sure.‎ ‎ A. fun B. word C. play D.rest ‎15. ____is nice and clean.‎ ‎ A. The air today B. The today air C. The air of today D. The air 阅读与填空：‎ two noisy grow rain be peace good follow art someone close one What's the real meaning of the word "peace" ? The 1 story may tell us something about it.‎ There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the 2 picture of peace. Many 3 tried. The king looked at all the pictures.But there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.‎ One picture was a calm lake. The lake was a perfect thing for peace because of the high mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. 4 who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.‎ The other picture had mountains too. But they were rugged (高低不平的). Above was the dark sky, from which heavy rain fell. A waterfall was rushing down the side of the mountain. This did not look 5 at all. But when the king looked 6 , he found behind the waterfall a very small bush ‎7 in the midst 在….中 ) of the waterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest (鸟窝) in perfect peace.‎ The king gave the award to the artist who painted the 8 picture. Why? "Because," explained the king, "peace does not mean ‎9 in a place where there is no 10 , no trouble or hard work. Peace means in the midst of all those things, you're still calm in your heart. That's the real meaning of peace. " ‎ 阅读：‎ In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests．Today the forests have almost gone．A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand． ‎ China doesn't want to copy the USA's example．We're planting more and more trees．We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country. The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south． ‎ More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. Great Green ‎ Walls will make the world better．‎ 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。‎ ‎1．In 1620, about ______ the USA was covered by forests．‎ ‎ A．a third B．half C．two thirds D．a fourth ‎2．A lot of good land has gone with ______．‎ ‎ A．sand B．water C．wind D．forests ‎3．The Great Green Wall in China is ______ long．‎ ‎ A．7,000 kilometers B．1,700 kilometers ‎ ‎ C．7,000 meters D．400 kilometers ‎4．Trees must be grown in ______.‎ ‎ A．China B．the USA ‎ ‎ C．some countries D．every part of the world ‎5．______ will make the world better．‎ ‎ A．The Great Wall B．Tall buildings ‎ ‎ C．Great Green Walls D．Flowers and grass 四、课后练习 ‎1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______. ‎ A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wages ‎2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.‎ A.an ash B. the ash C. ash D. ashes ‎3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.‎ A. many preparations B. much preparation C. preparations D. preparation ‎4.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.‎ A. oil B. an oil C. oils D. the oil ‎5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.‎ A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many ‎6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.‎ A.of great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high expense ‎7.The room was small and contained far too ______.‎ A.much new furniture C. much new furnitures B.many new furniture D. many new furnitures ‎8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.‎ A. rooms number B. room number C. room’s numbers D. room numbers ‎9.Computers can do ____work in a short time, but a man can not do ____by himself.‎ ‎ A great many…many C. much…a great deal ‎ B.great deal of…much D. many…a great many ‎10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.‎ A. how many information C. how many informations B. the number of information D. how much information ‎11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.‎ A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-arm B. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm ‎12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.‎ A. women doctors C. woman doctors B. women doctor D. woman doctor ‎13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.‎ A. growns-ups C. growns-up B. grown-up D. grown-ups ‎14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.‎ A.  stander-by C. standers-by B.  stander-bys D. standers-bys ‎15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.‎ A.prisoner-of-wars C. prisoners-of-war B.prisoners-of-wars D. prisoner-of-war ‎16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.‎ A. new reel B. news reel C. new-reels D. news reels ‎17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.‎ ‎ A. elder sister B. elder sister’s C. elder sisters D. elder sisters dress ‎18.All the people at the conference are ______.‎ ‎ A. mathematic teachers C. mathematics teacher B.mathematics teachers D. mathematic’s teachers ‎19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.‎ A. some property C. properties B. some properties D. property ‎20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.‎ A. deal B. deals C. dealing D. are 答案 课堂练习：‎ 变复数 1.Japanese 2. Frenchmen 3. Americans 4. Egyptians 5. Germans 6. Australians 7.potatoes 8.tomatoes 9.photos 10.pianos 11.kangaroo 12.bamboos 13.women drivers 14. apple trees 变形容词：‎ ‎1.windy 2. rainy 3.dirty 4.healthy 5.helpful 6. joyful 7. brotherly 8. hopeful 9. fearless 单选：‎ ‎1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 阅读填空：1. following 2.best 3.Anyone/Everyone 4.peaceful 5.closely 6. closely 7.growing 8.second 9.to be 10. noise 课后练习：‎ ‎1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10. D 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.B