中考英语所给词的适当形式填空 17页

‎ 如何做用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性 2.弄清所给句子的意思 3.确定空白处所需的词性 4.正确写出所填的词 用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：‎ 一. 对名词的考查 ‎1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式 ‎(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)‎ ①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk→desks, key→keys, monkey→monkeys, boy→boys等 ②以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox→foxes, boss→bosses, bus→buses, class→classes, dress→dresses, witness→witnesses, address→addresses, beach→beaches, coach→coaches, couch→couches,inch→inches,sandwich→sanwiches, church→churches,watch→watches,match→matches,speech→speeches,‎ witch→witches,dish→dishes,brush→brushes,goldfish→goldfish, fish→fishes, toothbrush→toothbrushes等。‎ ③‎ 以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoo→zoos,radio→radios,photo→photos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos, mango→mangos,bamboo→bamboos,kangaroo→kangaroos。‎ 加-es有：tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes, dodo→dodoes/s,‎ hero→heroes。‎ ④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：family→families,lady→ladies,baby→bibies,copy→copies,‎ body→bodies,century→centuries,diary→diaries,dictionary→dictionaries,factory→factories,library→libaries,battery→batteries, documentry→documentries,buddy→buddies,ability→abilities,country→countries,butterfly→butterflies,enemy→enemies,memory→memories, balcony→balconies,laboratory→laboratrories,beauty→beauties, charity→charities,comedy→comedies,industry→industries, quallity→quallities,reply→replies,difficulty→difficulties, theropy→theropies, mystery→mysteries, hobby→hobbies,‎ story→stories,city→cities,laundry→laundries,activity→activities等。‎ ⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或 ‎ fe为v，再加-es。例如：half→halves, knife→knives,wife→wives,leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves,herself→themseves,scalf→scalfs/scalves,wolf→wolves等。‎ 考例1：[2005年镇江市] Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.‎ 分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.‎ 考例2：[2005年泰州市] Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess? (box)‎ 分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。‎ 考例3：[2004年淮安市] Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.‎ 分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。‎ 考例4：[2003年济南市] The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)‎ 分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。‎ ‎(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)‎ foot→feet,tooth→teeth,child→children,man→men,woman→women, policeman→policemen,policewoman→policewomen, Frenchman→Frenchmen,snowman→snowmen,businessman →businessmen,Englishman→Englishmen,gentleman→gentlemen, salesman→salesmen, mouse→mice/mouses(鼠标),‎ sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, fish→fish等。‎ 考例1：[2004年无锡市] It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after meals.‎ 分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规则的，为teeth，因此应填teeth。‎ ‎2.考查名词的所有格 考例1：[2005年泰州市] Chocolate is usually _____ favourite food. (child)‎ 分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为children’s，因此应填children’s。‎ 考例2：[2005年淮安市] Tomorrow is ___ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad?‎ 分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“‎ 父亲节”为Father’s Day,因此应填Father’s。‎ 注意：母亲节为Mother’s Day,妇女节为Women’s Day,儿童节为Children’s Day,教师节为Teachers’ Day。‎ ‎3.考查名词转换成形容词 名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：‎ ‎(1).名词+y → 形容词 例如：rain→rainy,wind→windy,cloud→cloudy,‎ sun→sunny,snow→snowy,fog→foggy,mist→misty,health→healthy,luck→lucky,unluck→unlucky,noise→noisy,fun →funny,thirst→thirsty等。‎ ‎(2).名词+ful→形容词 例如：care→careful, thank→thankful,‎ help→helpful,use→useful,wonder→wonderful,colour→‎ colourful,pain→painful,success→successful等。‎ ‎(3).名词+n→形容词 例如：America→American, Russia→Russian,‎ India→Indian, Australia→Australian, Canada→Canadian,Italy→Italian等。‎ ‎(4).名词+ ern→形容词 例如：east→eastern,west→western,‎ north→northern,south→southern等。‎ ‎(5).名词 +ous→形容词 例如:danger→dangerous,fame→famous等。‎ 注意：friend→friendly,wool→woolen,difference→different,‎ difficulty→difficult,importance→important,pride→proud,‎ person→personal,safety→safe,confidence→confident等。‎ 考例1：[2005年镇江市] What a ____ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.‎ 分析：所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作定语，修饰day，应用形容词，rain的形容词为rainy，因此应填rainy。 ‎ 考例2：[2005年徐州市] Too much homework is really ____ (pain) to students.‎ 分析：所给的词pain为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语，应用形容词，pain的形容词为 painful，即应填painful。‎ ‎4.考查名词变为副词 success→successfully,care→carefully,care→carelessly,‎ health→healthily,noise→noisily等。‎ 考例：[2005年泰州市] They played so ___ that they lost the football match. (care)‎ 分析：所给的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作状语，修饰played，应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应填carefully。‎ 二．对数词的考查 ‎1.考查基数词转换成序数词 基数词变为序数词时,一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如：four → fourth 但是，特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆：一、二、三单独记，八去t,九去e,五和十二记仔细，f来把ve替，ty变成 tie，后面再加th。即：one→first,two→second,three→third,eight →eighth,nine→ninth,five→fifth,twelve→twelfth,twenty→ twentieth,thirty→thirtieth,forty→fortieth,fifty→‎ fiftieth,sixty→sixtieth,seventy→seventieth,eighty →eightieth,ninety→ninetieth等。‎ 考例1：[2005年镇江市] The ___ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.‎ 分析：所给的词eight为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课”应用序数词，eight的序数词为 eighth,即应填eighth。 ‎ 考例2：[2005年扬州市]We will have the ___ celebration for the return of Hong Kong. (nine)‎ 分析：(略)应填ninth。‎ 考例3：[2005年泰州市]The students from America live on the ____ floor. (nine)‎ 分析：(略)应填ninth。‎ 考例4：[2005年徐州市]Liu Xiang got the ___ (one) in his competition of the 2004Olympic Games.‎ 分析：(略)应填first。‎ ‎2. 考查分数词 ‎ 考例：[2005年淮安市] Two ___ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.‎ 分析：所给的词three是基数词，根据句意可知，本题是考查分数词的表达，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词应用复数形式，因此应用three的序数词third的复数形式thirds,即应填thirds。‎ 三．对代词的考查 ‎1.考查人称代词主宾格之间的转换 中考中不常出现。‎ ‎2.考查物主代词之间的转换 ‎ 考例：[2005年宿迁市] Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of ___ (my).‎ 分析：所给的词my为形容词性物主代词，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词of的宾语，即应填my的名词性物主代词 mine。‎ ‎3.考查人称代词转换成自身代词 考例1：[2005年泰州市]The clever girl could teach ____ English when she was ten. (she)‎ 分析：所给的词she为人称代词主格，根据习惯表达teach oneself sth.可知，应用自身代词作宾语，即应填she的自身代词herself。‎ 考例2：[2005年常州市] Thanks to space satellites, the world __ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.‎ 分析：所给的词it为人称代词，根据句意可知，应用自身代词作主语的同位语，即应填it 的自身代词itself。‎ ‎4. 考查人称代词转换成物主代词 考例1：[2005年镇江市] My schoolbag is different from ____ (he). Mine is newer.‎ 分析：所给的词he为人称代词主格，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词from的宾语，即应填his。‎ 考例2：[2005年扬州市] Our way of learning English is a lot better than ___. (they)‎ 分析：(略)应填theirs。‎ 考例3：[2005年淮安市] _____ (we) city, Huai’an ,is Zhou Enlan’s hometown. We are proud of him.‎ 分析：(略)应填Our。‎ 考例4：[2005年徐州市] This is my dictionary. Where is ___ (you)?‎ 分析：(略)应填yours。‎ 四．对形容词的考查 ‎1.考查形容词的比较级/最高级 ‎(1).形容词比较级/最高级的规则变化 ①一般单音节的形容词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：black→blacker/est,‎ bright→brighter/est 此外还有：cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast,‎ ‎ few,full,great,green,hard,high,kind,light,long,low,near,new,old,poor,quick,quiet,rich,short,slow,small,steep,strong,sweet,tall,thick,yellow,young, warm, weak等。‎ ②以字母e结尾的形容词，只须在词尾加-r/-st。例如：blue→ bluer/st, ‎ large→larger/st 此外还有：able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple等。‎ ③以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/-est。例如：big→bigger/est,fat→fatter/est 此外还有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad等。‎ ④以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-er/-est。例如：‎ angry→angrier/est, easy→easier/est 此外还有：busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty等。‎ ⑤多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词以及由分词转化来的形容词，须在词前加more/most。例如：beautiful→more/most beautiful,tired →more/most tired 此外还有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, ‎ famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious等。‎ ⑥有些形容词的比较级和最高级的构成，既可以在词为加-er/est，又可以在词前加more/most。例如：clever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple等。‎ ‎(2).形容词比较级/最高级的不规则变化 bad→worse→worst good→better→best ‎ much/many→more→most little→less→least 考例1：[2005年镇江市] Our team was much ___ (strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.‎ 分析：所给的词strong为形容词，根据句意可知，应用形容词的比较级，即应填strong 的比较级stronger。‎ 考例2：[2005年扬州市] The more exercise you take, the ___ you’ll be. (health)‎ 分析：(略)应填healthier。‎ 考例3：[2005年泰州市] Houses in some cities now are much ____ than before. (expensive)‎ 分析：(略)应填more expensive。‎ ‎2.考查形容词转换成副词 形容词+ly→副词 bad→badly,bright→brightly,certain→‎ certainly,careful→carefully,careless→carelessly,clear→clearly, clean→cleanly,loud→loudly,polite→politely,quick→‎ quickly,quiet→quietly,real→really,sad→sadly,safe→safely slow→slowly,strong→strongly,usual→usually,wide→widely,‎ angry→angrily,heavy→heavily,easy→easily,happy→happily,‎ silent→silently,lucky→luckily,sudden→suddenly,busybusilyexact→exactly,neat→neatly,noisy→noisily,successful→‎ successfully,terrible→terribly,true→truly,等。‎ 注意：early→early,fast→fast,good→well等。‎ 考例：[2005年扬州市]Be careful, or you won’t work out the physics problem ____.(easy)‎ 分析：所给的词easy为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词修饰动词work out，因此应填easy的副词 easily。‎ ‎3.考查形容词转换成名词 参见“名词转换为形容词”‎ 注意：ill→illness foreign→foreigner high→height true ‎→truth ‎ 考例：[2005年南京市]When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to __ (safe).‎ 分析：所给的词safe为形容词，根据句意可知，应用名词作介词to的宾语，即应填safe的名词 safety。‎ 五．对副词的考查 ‎1.考查副词的比较级/最高级 ‎(1).副词比较级/最高级的规则变化 ①一般单音节的副词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：fast→faster/est,hard ‎→harder/est,long→longer/est,loud→louder/est,high→‎ higher/est,soon→sonner/est 注意：early→earlier/est ②多音节副词和部分双音节副词，须在词前加more/most。例如：‎ angrily→more/most angrily 此外还有：quietly,quickly,sadly, slowly,widely,suddenly,happily,politly,clearly,often,‎ carefully, carelessly,luckily等。‎ ‎(2).副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化 well→better→best, badly→worse→worst,far→farther[further]/farthest ‎[furthest]‎ 考例：[2005年南京市] Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much ____ (good) than I.‎ 分析：所给的词good为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词的比较级，即应填good的副词 well的比较better。‎ ‎2.考查副词转换成形容词 中考中不常出现。‎ 六．对动词的考查 ‎1.考查动词转换成名词 动词转换成名词常见的有：‎ ‎(1).动词+er→名词 ‎ work→worker,teach→teacher,keep→keeper,paint→painter,‎ sell→seller,speak→speaker,wait→waiter,clean→cleaner, play→player, surf→surfer,sing→singer,own→owner等。‎ ‎(2).动词+r→名词 manage→manager,write→writer,dance→‎ dancer,dive→diver drive→driver,strike→striker等。‎ 注意：run→runner,swim→swimmer,travel→traveller,win→‎ winner, rob→robber,cook→cook等。‎ ‎(3). 动词+or→名词 visit→visitor,invent→inventor ‎(4). 动词+(t)ion→名词invention,oprate→opration,discuss→‎ discussion,pollute→pollution,‎ ‎(5). 动词+ing→名词park→parking,mean→meaning,‎ surf→surfing,train→training,shop→shopping,meet→meeting,turn→turning,cross→crossing,begin→beginning,build→‎ building,clean→cleaning,draw→drawing,paint→painting,‎ swim→swimming,wash→washing等。‎ 注意：rob→robbery,please→pleasure, die→death,think→‎ thought,know→knowledge,appear→appearance,disappear→‎ disappearance,dry→drought,fly→flight等。‎ 考例1：[2005年南京市]Some foreign ___(visit) from England came to our school last week.‎ 分析：所给的visit为动词，根据句意可知，应用名词作主语，即应填visit的名词复数 visitors.‎ 考例2：[2005年镇江市] Paul is the best basketball ____ (play) on school team.‎ 分析：(略)应填player。‎ 考例3：[2005年徐州市] We feel sorry that Chen Yifei, a famous ___ (paint), died when he was fifty-nine.‎ 分析：(略)应填painter。‎ 考例4：[2005年淮安市] Every child has a dream. My life dream is to be a pop ____ (sing).‎ 分析：(略)应填singer。‎ ‎2..考查动词转换成形容词 动词转换成形容词一般都是转换成其相应的形容词化的过去分词或现在分词：‎ ‎(1).动词+ing→形容词 interest→interesting,surprise→‎ surprising,excite→exciting,miss→missing,relax→relaxing,‎ amaze→amazing,move→moving,follow→following等。‎ ‎(2).动词+(e)d→形容词 close→closed,hurry→hurried,worry→‎ worried,crowd→crowded,please→pleased,interest→interested surprise→surprised,frighten→frightened,use→used,break→‎ broken等。‎ 注意：please→pleasant,enjoy→enjoyable,fill→full,‎ die→dead,sleep→asleep,wake→awake,forget→forgetful,open→open等。‎ 考例1：[2005年扬州市]No matter how long Yin Xuemei has been ___, her spirit of protecting students from danger will always live on. (die)‎ 分析：所给的die为动词，根据句意可知，应用形容词作表语，即应填die的形容词 dead。‎ 考例2：[2005年泰州市]You may be ___ if you are in trouble and have no one to help you. (worry)‎ 分析：(略)应填worried。‎ 考例[3：2005年宿迁市]I think English is very useful. Are you ___ (interest) in it?‎ 分析：所给的interest为动词，根据习惯表达be interested in…可知，应填interest的形容词 interested。‎ 考例4：[2005年淮安市]After the study trip, Sally became ____ (interest) in the culture of China.‎ 分析：(略)应填interested。‎ 考例5：[2005年徐州市]Lily told us a ____ (surprise) piece of news.‎ 分析：所给的surprise为动词，其形容词为surprising和 surprised两种形式，前者在句中一般作定语或表语，说明人或事物的特性；后者在句中一般作表语，说明人对其他人或事物的感觉。根据句意可知，应填surprising。‎ 考例6：[2005年徐州市]His sister sings well. She has a ____‎ ‎ (please) voice.‎ 分析：(略)应填pleasant。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎