中考祈使句专题 5页

定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 ‎ 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。‎ 祈使句主要有以下几种：‎ I. 肯定结构：‎ 1. Do型（行为动词 原形 + 其他）‎ Stand up!‎ Close the door, please.‎ 祈使句中如有呼语， 一定要用逗号隔开， 放在句首或句尾。‎ Sally, Put it on.= Put it on, Sally.‎ 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。‎ 如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。‎ 2. Be型（Be+形容词/副词/名词+其他）‎ 试译: 1)请安静!‎ Be quiet,please./Please be quiet.‎ ‎2)对你的表弟要友好.‎ Be friendly to your cousin.‎ ‎3)明天上午六点到这儿.‎ Be here at six tomorrow morning.‎ ‎4)要做一个好孩子.‎ Be a good boy.‎ 3. Let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形 试译：1) 让我来帮帮你。‎ Let me help you.‎ 2) 让她马上就试一试吧。‎ Let her try it at once.‎ ‎【注意】有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do或加 be sure to， 可译作“务必”，“一定”‎ 试译: 1) 务必再来。‎ Do come again.‎ ‎2) 一定要写信告诉我所有的消息。‎ Be sure to write and give me all the news.‎ II. 否定形式：‎ ‎1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。‎ 如: 不要忘记我! Don't forget me!‎ 上学不要迟到! Don't be late for school! ‎ ‎2. Let型的否定式有两种: ‎ Let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+ not+ 动词原形 Don’t let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形 e.g Let’s not say anything about it.‎ Don’t let him go alone.‎ III. 其他形式的祈使句：‎ ‎1.用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句， 尤其用于告示。‎ ‎1). No+V.-ing 禁止钓鱼 No fishing 禁止吸烟 No smoking ‎2). No+名词 禁止拍照 No photos ‎2.以may为句首的表示祝愿 的祈使句 May you + 动词原形 ‎1) 祝你成功!‎ May you succeed!‎ ‎2) 祝你一路平安!‎ May you have a safe journey!‎ IV. 使祈使句语气更加婉转的方法:‎ 请把你的字典借给我.‎ Please lend me your dictionary. = Lend me your dictionary, please.‎ V. 把祈使句变成反意疑问句.‎ ‎1) 请开门吧.‎ Open the door, will you/won’t you?‎ ‎2) 不要摸它, 行吗?‎ Don’t touch it, will you?‎ ‎3) 我们去打篮球,行吗?‎ Let’s go and play basketball, shall we?‎ 4) 我们晚饭后去散步,好吗?‎ Let us have a walk after dinner, will you?‎ VI. 祈使句有时相当于一个引导的条件状语从句 ‎1) 把药服了, 你就会感觉好一些。‎ Take this medicine and you will feel better. =If you take the medicine, you will feel better.‎ 2) 努力学习, 否则你就会不及格。‎ Work hard, or you will fail in the exam. =If you don’t work hard, you will fail in the exam.‎ 练习 I. 将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________. 2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________! 3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________! 4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________. 5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.‎ II. 单项选择 ‎1. ________ stand too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.‎ A. Aren't B. Didn't C. Won't D. Don't ‎2. ---Is there a No. 2 bus stop near here?‎ ‎---Yes, there is. __________ at the second crossing, and you will find it.‎ A. Turning left B. Turn left C. To turn left D. Turns left ‎3. —______________. The baby is sleeping. I'm sorry.‎ A. Not talk B. Not talking C. Don't talk D. Can't talk ‎4. If the green light isn’t on, ___________ a minute.‎ A. wait B. waits C. will wait D. waiting ‎5. — _______ late for school again, Tim!‎ ‎— Sorry, I promise that I _______.‎ A. Don’t; won’t B. Don’t be; won’t C. Don’t be; don’t D. Don’t; will ‎6. Don’t ___ shy. Everyone may make mistakes at the beginning.‎ A. am B. is C. be D. are ‎7. Please . The boy is studying.‎ A. not noisy B. don’t noisy C. not to be noisy D. don’t be noisy ‎8. —I’m leaving now. ‎ ‎—________ you turn off the lights and the computer.‎ A. To make sure B. Make sure C. Made sure D. Making sure ‎9. Tony, ________, or you will get heavier.‎ A. doesn't play sports any more B. doesn't eat so much meat C. don't play sports any more D. don't eat so much meat ‎10. Don’t _______ too much TV. It’s bad for your eyes.‎ A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. watches ‎11. —Would you please _______ near the river? Oh, sorry, I won’t.‎ A. not play B.don’t play C. not to play ‎12. — Please don’t make a noise.‎ ‎— ________ . I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.‎ A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I will D. No, I won’t ‎13. — ______, please. K-E-Y.‎ A. What’s this B. Spell it C. Can you spell it D. What is it ‎14. _________ play in the street. It’s very dangerous. ‎ A. Do B. Not C. Don’t D. Doesn’t ‎15. climb the tree! It’s too small. Come down quickly!‎ A. Don’t B. Isn’t C. Aren’t D. Do ‎16. —Don’t forget to close the door after school.‎ ‎— ________.‎ A.OK, I won’t  B.OK, I will.  C.Yes, I do.  D.No, I don’t. ‎ ‎18. ---Sorry for being late again.‎ ‎ ---__________here on time next time, or you’ll be punished.‎ ‎ A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ‎19. _____ drive too fast .We have enough（足够的）time to get there.‎ A. Not B. Don’t C. doesn’t ‎ ‎20. Boys and girls, _____in bed. It’s bad for your eyes A. not read B. doesn’t read C. no read D. don’t read ‎ Keys 1. Please look after your bag　2. Let's go to school 3. Be glad, dear　4. Don't put the book here 5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in 单选 ‎1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B ‎6. C 7. D[ 8. B 9. D 10. C ‎ ‎11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A ‎16. A 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D