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专题五 介词和介词短语
毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势
近五年毕节中考考情分析
2019年毕节中考命题预测
年份
考查角度
考查重点
题号
分值
预计2019年毕节中考对介词和介词短语的考查仍是重点,倾向于考查介词的辨析及固定搭配的相关用法,主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现,考查的小题数约3—4道。
2019
介词的用法
方位介词in的用法
29
1
2019
/
/
/
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2019
介词的用法
介词短语及固定搭配的相关用法
26
1
2019
介词的用法
on表示具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上的用法
23
1
2019
介词的用法
介词with表伴随状态
25
1
毕节中考考点突破
介词辨析
1.时间介词的辨析和用法
(1)in,on与at
介词
用法
例词
in
较长的一段时间(如世纪、年代、月份等)
in the 21 century在21世纪;
in July在七月
泛指上下午、傍晚、白天等
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上
固定短语中
in the end最后; in class在课堂上
on
表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上
on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日;
on Saturday morning在周六早上;
on September 1st在九月一号;
on National Day在国庆节
at
表示具体时间点
at one o'clock在一点;at night在晚上
固定短语中
at New Year在新年;
at the age of…在……岁时;
at the end of…在……最后;
at first起初
(2)in,after与before
介词
用法
例句
in
“in+时间段”表示“(将来)……以后”
They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
after
与将来时连用表示“(将来)……之后”,后接时间点
He'll come back after two o'clock.他两点后将回来。
与过去时连用表示“(过去)……之后”,后接时间段
He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。
before
表示“在……之前”
Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。
2.地点、方位介词的辨析和用法
(1)at,on与in
介词
用法
示例
at
用于较小的场所前(
at home在家;
如:建筑物、公共机关等)
at the station在车站
用于门牌号码前
at 403 Book Street在书街403号
on
与……表面相接触
on the floor在地板上
在任何广阔的面上
on the farm/moon在农场/在月球上
与界线的接触,可译作“濒临;紧挨”等
Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River.武汉与长江相邻。
续表
介词
用法
示例
in
用于较大的地方前(如:国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)
in the city在城市;
in China在中国;
in Guizhou在贵州
在周围的环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方
in front of…在……前面;
in a forest在森林里;
in the classroom在教室里
用于某些习语中
in the sky在天空中;
in space在宇宙
(2)over,under,above与below
介词
用法
图示
例句
over
“在……正上方”,表示两者不接触
We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
under
“在……正下方”,表示两者不接触
My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
above
“在……的上方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
below
“在……的下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。
3.方式介词的辨析和用法
with,in,by与on
介词
用法
例句
with
后跟具体的工具,与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,指“借助于;用”,后面跟人称代词时表示“和……一起”,表示伴随状况,在句中做状语。此外,with还可以表示“带有;具有”
I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。
in
表示使用某种语言,用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料,在名词前不加冠词
Can you say it in English?你能用英语说吗?
by
表示某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词
This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。
on
表示借助、通过某一器械、机器,在名词前一般加冠词the
I could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。
4.其他常见介词的用法
(1)over意为“遍及;超过”。如:
My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。
(2)against意为“反对”。如:
We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们将跟他们比赛。
(3)into意为“进入……里”。如:
Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。
(4)from意为“从……”。如:
We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们星期一到星期五上学。
(5)for意为“为;给”。如:
Dad bought me a pen.爸爸给我买了一支钢笔。
(6)of意为“……的”。如:
a map of China一幅中国地图
(7)without意为“没有”。如:
He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。
(8)to意为“给;对;到;往”。如:
go to school去上学;give a kite to me给我一个风筝;from here to the park从这里到公园
单项填空。
( A )1.(新信息题)The 24th Winter Olympics will be held ______ Beijing.
A.in B.on
C.at D.with
( A )2.(2019白银中考)The earth goes ______ the sun.
A.around B.through
C.between D.across
( C )3.(2019临沂中考)Did you read your favorite books ______ April 23?It was World Book Day.
A.for B.at
C.on D.in
( C )4.(2019预测)The office is ______ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.
A.at B.in
C.on D.for
介词短语及固定搭配
介词短语的构成及固定搭配
介词
+
名词
at home在家里;at school在学校;at noon在中午;at work在工作;at the same time同时;at breakfast早餐时;at the moment在此刻
by bus乘公共汽车;by the way顺便说;by the time到……时候;by mistake错误地
in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院;in the end最后;in order整整齐齐;in order to以便;in turn轮流;in time及时;in front在前方;in English用英语;in the future将来的某个时刻;in future(整个)将来;in fact事实上
on the way在路上;on Sunday在星期天;on fire着火;on duty值日;on the other hand另一方面;on foot步行;on board在船(飞机)上;on holiday在休假;on time准时;on the left/right在左边/右边;on sale在出售;on the earth在地球上
with pleasure很乐意;with one's help在某人的帮助下
be
+
形容词
+
介词
be angry with生(某人的)气;be afraid of害怕;be busy with…忙于做……;be good at擅长于;be full of充满;be excited about…对……感到兴奋;be kind to…对……和善;be interested in…对……感兴趣;be famous for…因……而著名;be late for迟到;be popular with…受……欢迎;be proud of…为……感到骄傲;be ready for…为……准备好;be satisfied with…对……满意;be worried about…为……担心
动词
+
介词
agree with同意;ask for请求;begin with…以……开始;come from出生;来自;get on/off上车/下车;fill with…用……装;hear from收到(某人的)信;hear of听说;look at看;go to bed去睡觉;go to school去上学;look for寻找;look after照顾;listen to…听……讲话;pay for付钱;talk about谈论;think about考虑;wait for等候;write to…写信给……;worry about担心;laugh at嘲笑;knock at敲
介词
+
名词
+
介词
on the top of…在……顶端;in the middle of…在……中间;in the front of…在……前面;in the east of…在……东部;at the beginning of起初;by the end of…到……为止;at the age of…在……岁时
句子改错。
1.(原创题)Lily is a good friend indeed.She is always there whenever I am on trouble.__in__
2. Our English teacher is often patient at us.So we all like her very much.__with__
3.In the help of my parents,I become confident and outgoing.__With__
4.(热点题)Many people stayed up to watch the 2019 FIFA World Cup in television.__on__
毕节中考题例及解析
单项填空。
( )1.(2019毕节中考)Bijie is ______ the northwest of Guizhou.
A.on B.to C.in D.at
【解析】考查语境理解及介词辨析。句意:毕节位于贵州的西北部。in the northwest of位于……西北部(后者包含前者);on the northwest of在西北面与……接壤;to the northwest of在……西北以外处。结合句意及相关用法,故选C。
( )2.(2019毕节中考)He borrowed some money ______ me and gave it ______ the poor man.
A.to;for B.for;to
C.from;to D.to;from
【解析】考查介词短语及固定搭配。句意:他向我借了一些钱,给了那个穷人。borrow…from…,意为“从……借……”;give…to…意为“给……”都是固定搭配。故选C。
( )3.(2019毕节中考)—When is Women's Day?
—It's ______ March 8th.
A.in B.of C.on D.at
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:——妇女节是什么时候?——在三月八号。on用于表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。设空后的March 8th 是具体日期,故选C。
( )4.(2019毕节中考)______ the development of economy,my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
A.In B.On
C.By D.With
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:随着经济的发展,我的家乡变得越来越漂亮。in在……里面;on在……
上面;by通过……方式;with带有,伴随。介词with在此处作伴随状语,表示伴随状态。故选D。
考 点 抢 测
介词辨析
单项填空。
( A )1.(2019重庆中考A卷)I always play basketball to relax myself ______ Saturdays.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
( C )2.(2019安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.
A.of B.in C.against D.from
( D )3.(2019青岛中考)More and more people in Qingdao go to work ______ subway now.
A.with B.on C.in D.by
( B )4.(2019上海中考)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2019 World Cup ______ July.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
( A )5.(2019达州中考)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy?
—I prefer a cup of tea ______ nothing in it.
A.with B.for
C.to D.without
介词短语及固定搭配
单项填空。
( B )1.(2019孝感中考)It's not necessary to find a friend who is the same ______ you.
A.in B.as C.to D.from
( D )2.(2019上海中考)Frank is an independent boy.His parents are proud ______ him.
A.on B.to C.in D.of
( C )3.(2019武汉中考)—What are you doing?
—I'm looking ______ the kids.They should be back for lunch now.
A.after B.at C.for D.up
( C )4.(2019襄阳中考)—Excuse me,sir.Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?
—Oh,sorry.I took it ______.Mine is over there under the chair.
A.at once B.on time
C.by mistake D.in all