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中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题5 介词和介词短语

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专题五 介词和介词短语 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 ‎2019年毕节中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年毕节中考对介词和介词短语的考查仍是重点,倾向于考查介词的辨析及固定搭配的相关用法,主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现,考查的小题数约3—4道。‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 方位介词in的用法 ‎29‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 介词短语及固定搭配的相关用法 ‎26‎ ‎ 1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 on表示具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上的用法 ‎23‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 介词with表伴随状态 ‎25‎ ‎1‎ 毕节中考考点突破 ‎ 介词辨析 ‎1.时间介词的辨析和用法 ‎(1)in,on与at 介词 用法 例词 in 较长的一段时间(如世纪、年代、月份等) ‎ in the 21 century在21世纪;‎ in July在七月 泛指上下午、傍晚、白天等 ‎ in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上 固定短语中 ‎ in the end最后; in class在课堂上 ‎ on 表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上 ‎ on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日; ‎ on Saturday morning在周六早上; ‎ on September 1st在九月一号;‎ on National Day在国庆节 at 表示具体时间点 ‎ at one o'clock在一点;at night在晚上 固定短语中 at New Year在新年; ‎ at the age of…在……岁时;‎ at the end of…在……最后; ‎ at first起初 ‎ ‎  (2)in,after与before 介词 用法 例句 in ‎“in+时间段”表示“(将来)……以后”‎ They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。‎ after 与将来时连用表示“(将来)……之后”,后接时间点 He'll come back after two o'clock.他两点后将回来。‎ 与过去时连用表示“(过去)……之后”,后接时间段 He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。‎ before 表示“在……之前”‎ Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。‎ ‎  2.地点、方位介词的辨析和用法 ‎(1)at,on与in 介词 用法 示例 at 用于较小的场所前(‎ at home在家;‎ 如:建筑物、公共机关等)‎ at the station在车站 用于门牌号码前 at 403 Book Street在书街403号 on 与……表面相接触 on the floor在地板上 在任何广阔的面上 on the farm/moon在农场/在月球上 与界线的接触,可译作“濒临;紧挨”等 Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River.武汉与长江相邻。‎ 续表 介词 用法 示例 in 用于较大的地方前(如:国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)‎ in the city在城市;‎ in China在中国;‎ in Guizhou在贵州 ‎ 在周围的环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方 in front of…在……前面;‎ in a forest在森林里;‎ in the classroom在教室里 用于某些习语中 in the sky在天空中;‎ in space在宇宙 ‎  (2)over,under,above与below 介词 用法 图示 例句 over ‎“在……正上方”,表示两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。‎ under ‎“在……正下方”,表示两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。‎ above ‎“在……的上方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。‎ below ‎“在……的下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。‎ ‎  3.方式介词的辨析和用法 with,in,by与on 介词 用法 例句 with 后跟具体的工具,与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,指“借助于;用”,后面跟人称代词时表示“和……一起”,表示伴随状况,在句中做状语。此外,with还可以表示“带有;具有”‎ I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。‎ in 表示使用某种语言,用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料,在名词前不加冠词 Can you say it in English?你能用英语说吗?‎ by 表示某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词 This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。‎ on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器,在名词前一般加冠词the I could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。‎ ‎  4.其他常见介词的用法 ‎(1)over意为“遍及;超过”。如:‎ My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。‎ ‎(2)against意为“反对”。如:‎ We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们将跟他们比赛。‎ ‎(3)into意为“进入……里”。如:‎ Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。‎ ‎(4)from意为“从……”。如:‎ We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们星期一到星期五上学。‎ ‎(5)for意为“为;给”。如:‎ Dad bought me a pen.爸爸给我买了一支钢笔。‎ ‎(6)of意为“……的”。如:‎ a map of China一幅中国地图 ‎(7)without意为“没有”。如:‎ He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。‎ ‎(8)to意为“给;对;到;往”。如:‎ go to school去上学;give a kite to me给我一个风筝;from here to the park从这里到公园 单项填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(新信息题)The 24th Winter Olympics will be held ______ Beijing.‎ A.in B.on C.at D.with ‎( A )2.(2019白银中考)The earth goes ______ the sun.‎ A.around B.through C.between D.across ‎( C )3.(2019临沂中考)Did you read your favorite books ______ April 23?It was World Book Day.‎ A.for B.at C.on D.in ‎( C )4.(2019预测)The office is ______ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.‎ A.at B.in C.on D.for ‎ 介词短语及固定搭配 介词短语的构成及固定搭配 介词 ‎+‎ 名词 at home在家里;at school在学校;at noon在中午;at work在工作;at the same time同时;at breakfast早餐时;at the moment在此刻 by bus乘公共汽车;by the way顺便说;by the time到……时候;by mistake错误地 in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院;in the end最后;in order整整齐齐;in order to以便;in turn轮流;in time及时;in front在前方;in English用英语;in the future将来的某个时刻;in future(整个)将来;in fact事实上 on the way在路上;on Sunday在星期天;on fire着火;on duty值日;on the other hand另一方面;on foot步行;on board在船(飞机)上;on holiday在休假;on time准时;on the left/right在左边/右边;on sale在出售;on the earth在地球上 with pleasure很乐意;with one's help在某人的帮助下 be ‎+‎ 形容词 ‎+‎ 介词 be angry with生(某人的)气;be afraid of害怕;be busy with…忙于做……;be good at擅长于;be full of充满;be excited about…对……感到兴奋;be kind to…对……和善;be interested in…对……感兴趣;be famous for…因……而著名;be late for迟到;be popular with…受……欢迎;be proud of…为……感到骄傲;be ready for…为……准备好;be satisfied with…对……满意;be worried about…为……担心 动词 ‎+‎ 介词 agree with同意;ask for请求;begin with…以……开始;come from出生;来自;get on/off上车/下车;fill with…用……装;hear from收到(某人的)信;hear of听说;look at看;go to bed去睡觉;go to school去上学;look for寻找;look after照顾;listen to…听……讲话;pay for付钱;talk about谈论;think about考虑;wait for等候;write to…写信给……;worry about担心;laugh at嘲笑;knock at敲 介词 ‎+‎ 名词 ‎+‎ 介词 on the top of…在……顶端;in the middle of…在……中间;in the front of…在……前面;in the east of…在……东部;at the beginning of起初;by the end of…到……为止;at the age of…在……岁时 句子改错。‎ ‎1.(原创题)Lily is a good friend indeed.She is always there whenever I am on trouble.__in__‎ ‎2. Our English teacher is often patient at us.So we all like her very much.__with__‎ ‎3.In the help of my parents,I become confident and outgoing.__With__‎ ‎4.(热点题)Many people stayed up to watch the 2019 FIFA World Cup in television.__on__‎ 毕节中考题例及解析 单项填空。‎ ‎(   )1.(2019毕节中考)Bijie is ______ the northwest of Guizhou.‎ A.on B.to C.in D.at ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词辨析。句意:毕节位于贵州的西北部。in the northwest of位于……西北部(后者包含前者);on the northwest of在西北面与……接壤;to the northwest of在……西北以外处。结合句意及相关用法,故选C。‎ ‎(   )2.(2019毕节中考)He borrowed some money ______ me and gave it ______ the poor man.‎ A.to;for B.for;to C.from;to D.to;from ‎【解析】考查介词短语及固定搭配。句意:他向我借了一些钱,给了那个穷人。borrow…from…,意为“从……借……”;give…to…意为“给……”都是固定搭配。故选C。‎ ‎(   )3.(2019毕节中考)—When is Women's Day?‎ ‎—It's ______ March 8th.‎ A.in B.of C.on D.at ‎【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:——妇女节是什么时候?——在三月八号。on用于表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。设空后的March 8th 是具体日期,故选C。‎ ‎(   )4.(2019毕节中考)______ the development of economy,my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ A.In B.On C.By D.With ‎【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:随着经济的发展,我的家乡变得越来越漂亮。in在……里面;on在……‎ 上面;by通过……方式;with带有,伴随。介词with在此处作伴随状语,表示伴随状态。故选D。‎ 考 点 抢 测 ‎ 介词辨析 单项填空。‎ ‎( A )1.(2019重庆中考A卷)I always play basketball to relax myself ______ Saturdays.‎ A.on B.in C.at D.by ‎( C )2.(2019安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.‎ A.of B.in C.against D.from ‎( D )3.(2019青岛中考)More and more people in Qingdao go to work ______ subway now.‎ A.with B.on C.in D.by ‎( B )4.(2019上海中考)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2019 World Cup ______ July.‎ A.on B.in C.at D.of ‎( A )5.(2019达州中考)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy?‎ ‎—I prefer a cup of tea ______ nothing in it.‎ A.with B.for C.to D.without ‎ 介词短语及固定搭配 单项填空。‎ ‎( B )1.(2019孝感中考)It's not necessary to find a friend who is the same ______ you.‎ A.in B.as C.to D.from ‎( D )2.(2019上海中考)Frank is an independent boy.His parents are proud ______ him.‎ A.on B.to C.in D.of ‎( C )3.(2019武汉中考)—What are you doing?‎ ‎—I'm looking ______ the kids.They should be back for lunch now.‎ A.after B.at C.for D.up ‎( C )4.(2019襄阳中考)—Excuse me,sir.Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?‎ ‎—Oh,sorry.I took it ______.Mine is over there under the chair.‎ A.at once B.on time C.by mistake D.in all