现在完成时与一般过去时讲解与比较和中考真题练习 12页

辅导科目：英 语 学员姓名： 年级:九年级 ‎ 学科教师： 课 时 数： 第____次课 授课主题 时态 教学目标 1. 现在完成时的构成和用法。‎ 2. 一般过去时的构成和使用。‎ 授课日期及时段 ‎2015年 月 日 :00 -- :00‎ 教学内容 ‎ 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的定义：‎ ‎（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。‎ ‎（2）表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。‎ 二、现在完成时的构成：‎ ‎1、总结构：have (has）+ 过去分词 ‎2、现在完成时的基本句型：‎ 肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 ‎ 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 否定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 ‎ Eg： Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？‎ ‎ Yes,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 No, he hasn’t. 不，他没去那里。‎ ‎ How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？ Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？‎ 三、现在完成时的主要用法 ‎1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。‎ Eg：-- It’s so dark.‎ ‎ --Someone has turned off the light.‎ ‎(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)‎ ‎-- Are you free?‎ ‎--I have finished my homework. I am free.‎ ‎(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是有空)‎ ‎2、在表示“用法（1）” 时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before 等连用。‎ a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；‎ Eg：He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。‎ Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）‎ ‎ b）yet在现在完成时中的用法，yet 用于否定句和疑问句。‎ ‎ 否定句: 句末 “还(没)”‎ ‎ 疑问句: 句末 “己经” ‎ ‎ Eg： I haven’t had breakfast yet.‎ ‎ Have you had breakfast yet?‎ ‎ c）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”‎ ‎ Eg：We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。‎ ‎ Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？‎ ‎3、表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。‎ eg：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿.‎ ‎ (动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.)  I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了.‎ ‎ (动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.) ‎ ‎4、在用法（2）中，常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。‎ ‎1）for + 一段时间 ‎ Eg: I have been here for 5 weeks.‎ ‎ He has studied English for 3 years.‎ ‎2）since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点 ‎ a) since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.‎ ‎ b) since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.‎ ‎ c) since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here.‎ ‎ 词组 since 单词 ‎ 从句(一般过去时)‎ Eg：I have been here since 2000.‎ ‎ I have been here since 5 years ago.‎ ‎ I have been here since I graduated in 2000.‎ 注1：since 也可单独使用，表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。‎ Eg： I have been here (ever) since.‎ ‎ I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.‎ 注2：对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long，决不能用when.‎ Eg：How long have you lived here?‎ ‎ I have lived here for 10 years.‎ ‎ How long has she stood here?‎ She has stood here since 2 hour ago.‎ 四、 ‎ 现在完成时常用的时间状语 ‎ ①already, ②never, ‎ ‎ ③ever, ④just, ‎ ‎ ⑤yet, ⑥before, ‎ ‎⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ‎ ‎ ⑨for the last few weeks， ⑩these days, ‎ ‎ ⑾since， ‎ ‎⑿for a long time ‎【练习】‎ 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空 ‎1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.‎ ‎2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.‎ ‎3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.‎ ‎4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”‎ ‎5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”‎ 五、have been 与have gone 的用法比较 ‎ ‎1、have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。‎ ‎2、have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。‎ ‎3、have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”‎ Eg：Has she ever been to Nanjing?‎ ‎ 她曾去过南京吗？‎ ‎ You have never been there, have you?‎ ‎ 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？‎ ‎ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.‎ ‎ 我去过桂林，我去年去的。‎ ‎ She has gone to Nanjing. ‎ 她已经去南京了。‎ ‎【练习】‎ 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。‎ A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?‎ B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.‎ A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?‎ B: He _____________ there for three days.‎ A: When will he come back , do you know?‎ B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.‎ A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?‎ B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.‎ A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?‎ B: He _____________ there only once.‎ ‎ ‎ 一般过去时 一、一般过去时的用法 ‎① 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。‎ 例如：I went to school at 7:00 yesterday morning.我昨天早晨七点去上学。‎ ‎② 表示在过去某个时间存在的状态。‎ 例如：She was not at home last night.她昨晚八点没在家。‎ ‎③ 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often(经常)、always(总是)、sometimes ‎(有时)等表示频率的时间状语连用。‎ ‎ 　eg：He often had lunch at school last month.他上个月经常在学校吃午饭。‎ ‎④ 表示已故的人所做的事情或情况。‎ ‎ 　eg：Ba Jin wrote a lot of novels for us.巴金写了很多部小说。‎ 二、一般过去时的四种时间状语 ‎① yesterday及相关短语。‎ eg：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上。‎ ‎② “last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。‎ eg：last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。‎ ‎③ “一段时间+ago”组成的短语。‎ eg：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。‎ ‎④ “介词+ 时间名词”组成的短语。‎ eg：in 1999 在1999年；on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。‎ 三、一般过去时谓语动词的表现形式 ‎1、 be动词的过去式was、were.‎ eg：She was a teacher five years ago. 她五年前是一名教师。‎ ‎2、行为动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种，规则动词的过去式的构成遵循以下四个规则：‎ 1） 直接在动词后加ed 例如：help-helped; want-wanted等；‎ 2） 以不发音的字母e结尾时，去掉e加ed (即直接加d) ‎ 例如：like-liked; use-used等；‎ 3） 以辅音字母y结尾时，把y变成i再加ed 例如：carry-carried; study-studied等；‎ 4） 以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed 例如：stop-stopped; shop-shopped等。‎ 而不规则动词的过去式则需要我们认真下工夫去记了。‎ 例如：go-went; come-came; buy-bought等。‎ ‎③连系动词的过去式 例如：become-became She became angry. 她生气了。‎ ‎④情态动词的过去式+动词原形。‎ 例如：I could swim at the age of five. 我五岁时就会游泳了。‎ ‎ 【练习】‎ ‎ ‎ 写出下列单词的过去式 ‎ isam_________  fly_______  plant________  are ________  drink_________‎ ‎　play_______     go________  make ________ does_________  dance________‎ ‎　worry________  ask _____   taste_________  eat__________ draw________‎ ‎　put ______    throw________ kick_________  pass_______   do ________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 四、一般过去时的构成 ‎①　一般过去时态的肯定句式　　　“主语+动词过去式+其它”‎ eg：Jenny bought a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天买了一件短裙。‎ ‎②　一般过去时态的否定句式 “主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它”‎ eg：Jenny didn’t buy a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天没有买短裙。‎ ‎③ 一般过去时态的一般疑问句式 “Did+主语+动词原形+其它”‎ eg：Did Jenny buy a skirt yesterday? 詹妮昨天买短裙了吗？‎ ‎④ 一般过去时态的特殊疑问句式 “疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其它”‎ eg：What did Jenny buy yesterday? 詹妮昨天买了什么？‎ 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 一、现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。 ‎ ‎ Eg: He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。‎ ‎ He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。‎ ‎ 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。‎ ‎ ‎ 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。‎ 二、当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时。‎ eg: I saw the film on television yesterday ‎ 但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。‎ Eg：They have known each other since 1950 .‎ ‎ Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.‎ 三、常与一般过去时连用的典型的时间的状语:‎ ‎ yesterday(昨天)， the day before yesterday(前天),‎ ‎ just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, ‎ ‎ last +时间 eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. ‎ ‎　 We finished our task last week .‎ ‎【练习】‎ 用一般过去时或现在完成时填空：‎ ‎1. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”‎ ‎“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”‎ ‎2. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”‎ ‎3. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”‎ ‎4. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.‎ ‎5. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.‎ ‎6. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.‎ ‎7. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.‎ ‎8. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.‎ ‎9. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ ‎【2012北京】1. —Where were you last Saturday?‎ ‎ —I ____ in the Capital Museum.‎ A. am B. will C. was D. have been ‎【2012广西玉林】2. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _______ into the space. It made us proud. ‎ A. is sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent ‎ ‎【2012贵州安顺】3.The old man _____ in Shanghai, but he _____ in Haikou now. ‎ A．be born; live B．was born ; live C．is born; lives D．Was born; lives ‎ ‎【2011湖北恩施】4. He ______ go out with his parents, but now he ______ staying at home alone.‎ A. used to； is used to B. is used to； used to C. use to； is used to ‎【2012•湖北•武汉】5. I don’t remember when and where I _____ this umbrella.‎ A.buy B.have bought C.will buy D.bought ‎【2012湖南怀化】6.The telephone _____by a well-known scientist ,Edison.‎ ‎ A. invented B. inventing C. was invented ‎【2011湖南株洲】7.－Have you ever been to Shanghai?‎ ‎－Yes. I ______ there with my father last year.‎ ‎ A. went B. have been C. have gone ‎【2012江苏苏州】8. The film made by Walt Disney ______ all over the world.‎ ‎ A. is used to show B. is used to showing C. used to show D. used to be shown ‎【2012江苏徐州】9. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.‎ ‎ A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went ‎【2012江苏盐城】10. —Have you ever been to Singapore?‎ ‎— Yes. I______ there last year with my parents.‎ A. go B. went C. have been D. was going ‎【2012江西】11. —Hello, mum. Are you still on Lushan Mountain?‎ ‎—Oh, no. we are back home. We ________ a really good journey.‎ A. have B. had C. are having D. will have ‎ ‎【2012江西】12. —Oh, my God! I can’t find my key to the office.‎ ‎—Don’t worry. Perhaps it _______ at your home. ‎ A. left B. has left C. was left D. had left ‎【2012 内蒙古包头】13. —Haven’t I told you that you should be home earlier?‎ ‎ —Yes, but I home earlier than I usually do.‎ ‎ A. was coming B. will come C. came D. had come ‎【2012湖北黄冈】14. —Hey, Molly. You _____ on the phone just now. But you weren't here and the man left a phone number.‎ ‎—Oh? I was in the library.‎ ‎ A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted ‎【2012陕西】15. A new club _____ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. ‎ A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started ‎ ‎【2011河南】16. —Have you heard of Earth Day?‎ ‎—Yes. The first Earth Day _________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.‎ A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated ‎ ‎【2012四川宜宾】17. My grandma ______ us stories when I was young. ‎ A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling ‎ ‎【2012四川宜宾】18. —Are you a soccer player in your school? ‎ ‎—Yes, I _____ the team two years ago. I ______ in the team for two years. ‎ A. have joined; have been B. was joined; am C. joined; was D. joined; have been ‎ ‎【2012天津】19. I have been to Shanghai. I ____________ there last month.‎ A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go ‎【2012浙江杭州】20.Mark_________in China for 10 years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain.‎ A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working ‎ ‎【2012浙江温州】21.— What did you do yesterday evening, Gina.?‎ ‎— I _______ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.‎ A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch ‎ ‎【2012湖南省岳阳】22. The car _____ by the policeman because the driver was drunk.‎ A. stopped B. was stopped C. were stopped ‎【2011河南省】23. -Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office?‎ ‎ -Sorry, I don't know. I _____ here for only a few days. ‎ ‎ A. work        B. worked      C. have worked     D. will work ‎ ‎【家庭作业 中考真题练习】‎ ‎1. —What _____ the noise, Bill? —Sorry, I broke my glass.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. has been D. will be ‎2. —I’d like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. —Thank you, Lucy. But we _____ already.‎ ‎ A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met ‎3. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown’s office?—Sorry, I don’t know. I _____ here for a few days.‎ ‎ A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work ‎4. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago and I _____ him since then.‎ ‎ A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see ‎5. —_____ you ever _____ the new Minyuan Stadium? —No, I haven’t.‎ ‎ A. Do; visit B. Have; visited C. Did; visit D. Are; visiting ‎6. —Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _____ you _____ it?‎ ‎ —Not yet. I’m doing it right now.‎ ‎ A. Do; finish B. Had; finished C. Will; finish D. Have finished ‎7. The 2004 World Cup in Brazil makes the whole world crazy and nobody will miss it. I _____all the matches so far.‎ ‎ A. watched B. have watched C. will watch D. am watching ‎8. —Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend?‎ ‎ —Jack? Never! He _____ driving so far.‎ ‎ A. has hated B. will hate C. hated D. hates ‎9. My husband always ____ me flower every week before we got married, but now he never ____. A. sends; does B. sent; does C. sends; do D. sent; do ‎10. David knows much about the city because he _____ there many times.‎ ‎ A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been ‎11. —Is Tom at home? —No, he _____ to town.‎ ‎ A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go ‎12. Don’t return the video to Peter. I _____ it.‎ ‎ A. don’t watch B. won’t watch C. haven’t watched D. wasn’t watching ‎13. I _____ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.‎ ‎ A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from ‎14. My aunt is a writer. She _____ more than ten books since 1980.‎ ‎ A. writes B . wrote C. has written D. will write ‎15. My grandmother _____ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.‎ ‎ A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen ‎16. —Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? ‎ ‎ —Yes. I _____ there for three days with my parents last month.‎ ‎ A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was ‎17. —You don’t look well. You’d better see a doctor.‎ ‎ —I _____. But the doctor said there was nothing serious.‎ ‎ A. have B. am C. will D. was ‎18. —Let’s go to the community to look after the old if _____ tomorrow.‎ ‎ —But nobody knows if it _____ tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. won’t rain; rains B. doesn’t rain; rains ‎ C. doesn’t rain; will rain D. won’t rain; will rain