中考英语专项6情态动词讲解及习题 10页

初中英语情态动词用法详解 ‎【情态动词知识梳理】‎ 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。‎ 考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：‎ ‎1. can的用法：‎ ‎（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . ‎ ‎（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. ‎ ‎（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.‎ ‎2. could的用法：‎ ‎（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. ‎ ‎（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen?—Yes, you can.（注意回答）‎ ‎3. may的用法：‎ ‎（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now.‎ ‎ (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home.‎ ‎ (3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.‎ ‎ (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time. May you be happy! May you succeed！‎ ‎4. must的用法：‎ ‎(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now?‎ ‎ (2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要” “千万别” “禁止,不许”.如：You mustn’t play with fire. You mustn’t be late.‎ ‎（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?—No, you needn’t.‎ ‎ (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.‎ 注意其反意问句的构成形式：‎ ‎　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)‎ ‎5. need的用法：‎ ‎（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。如：—Need I stay here any longer?—Yes, you must .—No. you needn’t /don’t have to.‎ ‎(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now. ‎ 如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：‎ ‎①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. ‎ ‎ 6. dare的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性：‎ ‎（1）dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me?‎ ‎（2）dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：He doesn’t dare to break his promise.　　注意：口语中，dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?‎ ‎7. shall的用法：‎ shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?‎ ‎8. should的用法：‎ ‎（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.‎ ‎（2）Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.‎ ‎9. will的用法：‎ will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.‎ ‎10. had better的用法：‎ ‎　　had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。如：We had better go now.‎ 考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:‎ ‎1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.　Yes, certainly.　Sure .　No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.‎ ‎2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.‎ ‎3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen?—Yes, you can.（注意回答）‎ ‎4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you.‎ ‎5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)　Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)　All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please.‎ 考点三:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：‎ ‎1.（1）.can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball.‎ ‎（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.‎ ‎（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …? ”这样的问句。如：May I come in ? No, you mustn’t. / can’t.‎ ‎（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…‎ ‎2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.‎ ‎3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。如：He mustn’t leave his room.‎ ‎　(2) mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如：—May I stand here?—No, you mustn’t (can’t).‎ ‎4.（1）needn’t意为“不必”。如：You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.‎ ‎（2）needn’t + have+动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如：　You needn’t have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）。‎ ‎5. shouldn’t表示不应该。如：You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things.‎ 考点四:情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。‎ 考点五:情态动词表示推测的用法:‎ 一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。‎ ‎1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man can＇t be her husbandshe is still single.‎ ‎2、must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.‎ ‎3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：The man may be the headmaster.‎ ‎4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：—Could it be an animal?—It could not be，because it is not moving.‎ ‎5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：It is already 10 o’clock now they should be there.‎ 二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。‎ ‎1、“must +have done/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)‎ ‎2、“should +have done /been-------”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“shouldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).‎ ‎3、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She needn＇t have hurried .‎ ‎4、“can’t /couldn’t+have done /been-------‎ ‎”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如：‎ I saw him just now. He can’t have gone to Japan.‎ ‎5、“could+have done/been-------”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有”，说话者有些遗憾。‎ ‎6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might的可能性较小，语气较弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. ‎ ‎【情态动词易混点归纳】‎ 易混点一: can和be able to:‎ 两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。‎ 易混点二:can和may ‎1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？　‎ ‎2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：‎ ‎1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can ‎2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must ‎3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿？That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。‎ 易混点三: may be和maybe ‎　　 用法区别 常用位置 may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语 maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语 例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。‎ 易混点四：can’t和mustn’t ‎1. can’t根据其基本用法可译为：‎ ‎（1）不会。如：I can’t speak English .我不会说英语。‎ ‎（2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。‎ ‎（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much ‎ younger than our teacher..。‎ ‎2. mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。如：You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.‎ 易混点五：must和have to ‎1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。‎ 易混点六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sth used to do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去；而be used to doing意为“习惯做…”；be used to do意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式。be used for doing sth“用作……”‎ 练习题一 ‎1. -Mum， may I watch TV now？‎ ‎-Sure， but you ________ help me with my English.‎ A. can B. may C. must D. could ‎2. -________ I download the article again？‎ ‎-No，you needn't.‎ A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. Can ‎3. -Can you go skating with us this afternoon？‎ ‎-Sorry， I can't. I ________ take care of my little sister at home.‎ A. can B. may C. would D. have to ‎4. -Must I hand in my exercise book today？‎ ‎-No， you ________.‎ A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't ‎5. -May I have a word with you？‎ ‎-No， you ________. I'm busy today.‎ A. needn't B. wouldn't C. don't have toD. can't ‎6. -________I have your English name， please？‎ ‎-Yes， Helen. H-E-L-E-N.‎ A. Must B. May C. Will D. Need ‎7. -Who is the boy over there？ Is it John？‎ ‎-No， it ________ be him. John is much taller.‎ A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't ‎8. -Can you play Frisbee， Jay？‎ ‎-Yes， I ________. It's easy.‎ A. must B. can C. need D. may ‎9.-You must come back every month. -Yes， I ________.‎ A. will B. must C. should D. can ‎10. She ________ know the answer， but I'm not sure.‎ A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must ‎11. - Must we clean the room right now？‎ ‎- No， you. You clean it after lunch.‎ A. needn't；may B. needn't;must C. Mustn't； can D. mustn't；may ‎12. John________ come to see us tonight， but he isn't very sure yet.‎ A. may B. can C. has to D. must ‎13. Children ________ play with fire.‎ A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎14. -________ I come in， Mr Green？‎ ‎-Yes,come in， please.‎ A. Must B. Need C. Will D. May ‎15. -Must I finish the work today？‎ ‎-No， you ________. You ________ finish it tomorrow.‎ A. mustn't； may B. can't； can C. needn't； may D. needn't； must 练习题二 ‎1. _____ I go out to play now，Mum? No，you______ ．‎ ‎ ‎ A．May，shouldn’t B．Can，needn’t ‎ C．Must，can’t D．May．mustn’t ‎ ‎ ‎2. Help me with this case．_______ you?‎ ‎ ‎ A．don’t B．will C．do D．shall ‎ ‎ ‎3. They started early that morning in order that they______ there before noon．‎ ‎ ‎ A．might get B．may get C．would get D．got ‎ ‎ ‎4. A teacher do every exercise，but a pupil________．‎ ‎ ‎ A．needn’t，must B．may not，must ‎ C．needn’t, needn’t D．can’t, must ‎ ‎ ‎5. If you _____ do as I tell you，you______ go to the party．‎ ‎ ‎ A．can，shan’t B．will, won’t ‎ C．won’t，shall D． won’t, shan’t ‎ ‎ A．will B．would C．do D．can ‎ ‎ ‎7. Don’t believe him．His story ______ be true．‎ ‎ ‎ A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．may not ‎8. ---She must have gone back to the valley．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎---No, she ____ . The entrance to it was nowhere to be found．‎ ‎ ‎ A．mustn’t B．needn't C．couldn’t D．hadn’t ‎ ‎ ‎9. You need not do it at once,________?‎ ‎ ‎ A．needn’t you B．mustn’t you ‎ ‎ C．don’t you D．need you ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. He must be in the classroom．______ he?‎ ‎ ‎ A．mustn’t B．can’t C．isn’t D．Can ‎11. Let’s go to the library．shall we? ________．‎ ‎ ‎ A．No，I can’t B．Yes．I will ‎ C．Yes，thank you D．No，We’d better not ‎ ‎ ‎12. You ought to have called him yesterday．‎ ‎ Yes, I know I_______．‎ ‎ ‎ A．ought to B．ought to have ‎ ‎ ‎ C．ought to have done D．ought to have called ‎13. ---Why did you keep it a secret from me?‎ ‎ ---I ____ about it．‎ ‎ ‎ A．should be told B．ought to have been told ‎ ‎ C．should have told D．ought to be told ‎ ‎ ‎14. The work _______ be finished in such a short time．‎ ‎ ‎ A．wasn’t able to B．couldn’t C．ought D．could ‎ ‎ ‎15. He looks very tired．He ____ to bed too late last night．‎ ‎ ‎ A．must go B．must have gone C．could go D．didn’t go ‎16. The door ______ lock．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．can’t B．may not C．won’t D．mustn’t ‎17. As a soldier，you ______ do as the head tells you．‎ ‎ ‎ A．will B．shall C．may D．ought ‎ ‎ ‎18. How _____ you be so careless?‎ ‎ ‎ A．can B．will C．could D．may ‎ ‎19. I talked for a long time，and in the end I____ make her believe me．‎ ‎ ‎ A．could B．can C．must D．was able to ‎20. Did you scold him for carelessness ?‎ ‎ Yes，but _____ it．‎ ‎ ‎ A．I’d rather not do B．I’d rather not have done ‎ ‎ C．I shouldn’t do D．I’d better not do ‎ ‎ ‎21. He needn’t come to attend the meeting．_______ ?‎ ‎ ‎ A．didn’t he B．doesn’t he C．need he D．must he ‎22. Fish _______ die without water．‎ ‎ ‎ A．will B．should C．shall D．must ‎ ‎ ‎23. We’d better hurry．Our teacher _________ us．‎ ‎ ‎ A．wait for B．must wait for ‎ ‎ C．must be waiting for D．has waited for ‎ ‎ ‎24. I saw him leave the room an hour ago．He ______ at this time．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．mustn’t be working B．can’t be working ‎ ‎ ‎ C．can’t work D．may not being working ‎25. ______ basketball every day?‎ ‎ ‎ A．Did you used to playing B．Did you use to play ‎ ‎ C．Use you to play D．Used you play ‎26. Why______ you keep on troubling me with such questions while I am busy ?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．could B．can C．must D．will ‎ ‎ ‎27. ---You were driving at ‎100km an hour, sir．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎---But officer，I____ ，my car can’t go more than 90. ‎ A．may not have been B．couldn’t have been ‎ ‎ C．would have been D．needn’t have been ‎28. You ______ call him if you want to，but you______ ，for he’ll surely come here soon．‎ ‎ ‎ A．can，needn’t B．may, mustn’t ‎ ‎ C．have to，needn’t D．can, doesn’t need ‎29. At last he _____ finish the work ahead of time．‎ ‎ ‎ A．could B．was able to ‎ ‎ C．could have done D．would have been able to ‎ ‎ ‎30. There must be some enemy soldiers in the forest.‎ ‎ _______ any behind the church?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．Must there be B．Should there be C．May there be D．Can there be ‎31. The shy girl____ dance before so many strangers，‎ ‎ ______she?‎ ‎ ‎ A．daren’t，does B．daren’t，dare ‎ C．doesn’t，dare D．dare not．Dares ‎ ‎ ‎32. “When ___ he leave the hospital?” I asked the doctor．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．will B．shall C．can D．may ‎ ‎ ‎33. ---They haven’t finished the work up to now．‎ ‎ ---Well，they______.‎ ‎ ‎ A．should have B．should C．ought to D．ought have ‎34. The money was soon spent，so she ______ go hungry．‎ ‎ ‎ A．must B．had to C．might D．Should ‎35. Jack studied hard and _______ pass the examination．‎ ‎ ‎ A．could able to B．would C．was able to D．ought ‎ ‎ ‎36. You don’t look well，you _______ have a fever．‎ ‎ ‎ A．might B．can C．shall D．should ‎37. You are running a fever，you _____ to see the doctor．‎ ‎ ‎ A．need go B．must have gone C．should go D．can go ‎ ‎ ‎38. I ______ take the job．No one ____ stop me．‎ ‎ ‎ A．will，can B．can，must C．must，can D．will, must ‎ ‎ ‎39. There used to be a high tower here，______ ?‎ ‎ ‎ A．was there B．wasn’t there C．used there D．usedn’t there ‎40. Whenever the teacher was not there, the children _______ make a lot of noise．‎ ‎ ‎ A．will B．would C．were to D．were going to ‎41. He must be shy, _______ he? ‎ A. ‎ A．   must B．mustn’t C．is D．isn’t B． ‎ ‎42. I must do it, ________ I? ‎ ‎ ‎ A．do B．don’t C．must D．mustn’t ‎43. You did not go to the party yesterday, or I ___ you.‎ ‎ ‎ A．would see B．could meet C．might have seen D．might see ‎44. ---How do you like the food here?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎---Oh，excellent! We ______ a better hotel．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．can’t find B．won’t find ‎ ‎ C．mustn’t have found D．couldn’t have found ‎ ‎ ‎45. ---We were waiting for you this time yesterday．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎---Sorry，I ______ you to tell you that I couldn’t come.‎ ‎ ‎ A．must have called B．would have been calling ‎ ‎ C．could have been calling D．should have called ‎46. ---Would you mind returning the book tomorrow?‎ ‎ ---______．‎ ‎ ‎ A．Ok，I will B．Sure, I wouldn’t ‎ ‎ C．Yes，I wouldn’t D．Why, I wouldn’t ‎47. See who’s there! _____ it be Mary?‎ ‎ ‎ A．May B．Must C．Can D．Will ‎ ‎ ‎48. My little son ______ out a1one at night．‎ ‎ ‎ A．dares not go B．dares not to go ‎ ‎ ‎ C．dare not to go D．doesn’t dare to go ‎49. You ______ miss seeing so good a film，it is one of the best films I’ve ever seen．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．had better not to B．have better not to ‎ ‎ C．had better to not D．had better not ‎50. It is strange that she _______ so．‎ ‎ ‎ A. think B．thinks C．will think D．thought A． ‎ ‎51. _______ you rather sit at the back?‎ ‎ ‎ A．Won’t B．Wouldn’t C．Don’t D．Will ‎52. ---Where______? ‎ ‎---She ______ to school, for it is Sunday today．‎ ‎ ‎ A．can she go，can’t go B. may be go，may not go ‎ ‎ C．can she have gone, can’t have gone ‎ D．can she go，can’t have gone ‎53. Since she is angry, we _____．‎ ‎ ‎ A．had better to leave her alone ‎ B．should leave her alone ‎ ‎ C．might as well leave her alone ‎ D．must leave her alone ‎54. ---Do you think he will do me a favour?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎---It’s very unlikely，but he ____ be prepared to help you．‎ ‎ ‎ A．must B．will C．can D．Might ‎55. Will you sing a song at the party? No, I_________．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．wouldn’t B．won’t C．shouldn’t D．shall not ‎56. My brother used to get up early in the morning，but my sister seldom ______.‎ ‎ ‎ A. used to B. did C. used D. both A and B ‎57. ---Will it be raining this afternoon? ‎ ‎---No，I’m afraid it_____．‎ ‎ ‎ A．may not B．won’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t ‎58. You _____ in such a hurry，I’ll have the car waiting for you．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A．don’t need being B．don’t have been ‎ ‎ C．need not to be D．needn’t be ‎ ‎ ‎59. I have kept the book for 3 weeks．‎ I _______ them to the library last week．‎ ‎ ‎ A．ought return B．ought to return ‎ ‎ C．ought have returned D．ought to have returned ‎ ‎ ‎60. ---______ I get you some food? ‎ ‎---No．thanks．‎ A. ‎ A．   Might B. Shall C. Will D. Ought