学才教育中考阅读理解解题技巧 26页

‎2010年英语中考阅读理解解题技巧与训练 ‎ ‎ 要提高阅读的速度，我们要掌握以下方法：‎ 一、 要用英语思维，不要在脑中将阅读材料译成汉语，逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。‎ 二． 要用眼读，不要用口读。用眼进行扫描式的阅读，一次扫读一个意群，而不是一个 单词。例如：Many teachers and students are reading newspapers and books in the reading-room. ‎ 三、 遇到生词不要停顿。遇到生词时，可以凭上下文猜测其含义，或划一记号，等读完后，‎ 再查词典。 ‎ 四、 要多读，多训练。熟能生巧，我们在课后应挤时间多读一些英语报刊上的短文和简易读物。‎ 五．注意阅读解题技巧。学会分析题目的类型，是大意题，细节题还是作者态度题，然后 直接在文中选定题目所在的段落，有目标地寻找答案。 ‎ ‎“重、定、划、看、防、读”‎ 一、“重”——“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。‎ 文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。‎ 但是，快速读懂一篇文章却非易事，需要进行大量的阅读习练。高超的阅读真功夫有赖良好的阅读习惯的培养。既要读得快，又要读得懂，良好的阅读习惯是保障。‎ 二、“定”——“定区间”。能够圈定各题答案的范围。‎ ‎　　出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”，就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。‎ 三、“划”——“划根据”。作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。‎ ‎　　能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保障。猎人有句行话，叫“不见兔子不撒鹰”，在这儿我要告诉各位同学，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。从这种意义上讲，“划”字诀是“重、定、划、看、防、读”六字真诀之尤为重要者。‎ 四、“看”——“看转换”。注意同一意思的不同表述(同意转述)。‎ 英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。出题者设计试题时总会用不同的语言结构对文本中的某些信息进行同意转述。‎ 五、“防”——“防陷井”。锁定是“true”还是“not true”，辨明形近词。‎ ‎　　英语阅读中的陷阱设置最常见的有两种，判断对错真假型和词形相近型。对于判断对错真假型，考生做题前一定要认真审题，看准是“true”还是“not true”，是“right”还是“wrong”，然后才着手解题。可能会有同学认为，这么简单的事怎么会错？其实不然，在考场高度紧张的情况下，什么事情都会发生。试想你身边有过多少同学曾因把“true”与“not true”看反而懊恼不已，顿足捶胸？‎ ‎　　对于词形相近型要做只有两个字“细心”，三思而后选。只要细心，此类陷阱就会很容易被识破。归根到底，“防”的主要对象是自己，防止慌张，防止粗心大意，防止那些“想当然”的想法，防止自己的骄傲情绪——只要沉着应对，处处留心，任何陷阱都会被识别发现的，因此我们应该多做做眼保健操。‎ 六、“读”——“读全项”。做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。‎ ‎　　阅读理解是从三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，解题时考生要通读所有选项，比较鉴别，确定最佳。切不可挑读臆断，匆匆作答。比如做判断对错真假型试题时，选项中会有“一对三错”或“三对一错”，通读全项就会补救误读题干所造成的过失。‎ 干扰项特点 ‎1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 ‎ ‎2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。‎ ‎3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。‎ ‎4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 ‎ ‎5. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。‎ 切忌的阅读方法 （1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。 ‎ （2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中喜欢读出声来，或即使不出声，嘴唇在动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。 ‎ （3）“回读”，即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读；还有相当多的学生对阅读已经产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪费很多时间。 ‎ （4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行逐词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，习惯于在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。‎ 阅读理解-类型 ：‎ A 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力 ‎ • 此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：‎ ‎ 1) Which is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ 2) Which of the following is this passage about?‎ ‎ 3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.‎ ‎ 4) The passage tells us that______.‎ ‎ 5) This passage mainly talks about_______.‎ 解体秘诀：抓主题句 ‎1、主题句是用来表达文章或段落的中心思想的，通常在文章第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等处出现，阅读时要特别注意。‎ ‎2、进行整体阅读，抓文章逻辑结构。文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分，而在中考阅读中以“总－分－总”结构类型题居多。所以重读文章首、尾两段以及每段首句，对把握文章结构和主旨理解有很大帮助。‎ 如何获取段落的主旨和大意？‎ ‎ 在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：‎ ‎（1）主题句在段首或篇首。‎ ‎ 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：2008年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：‎ All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. ‎ 在这篇短文之后有一道考查主题的阅读理解题：‎ ‎59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎ A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things 第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。(C)‎ ‎ （2）主题句在段末或篇末。‎ ‎ 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2007年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：‎ If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.‎ 这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。‎ ‎（3）无主题句 首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。‎ 请看2007年江西省中考试题阅读理解A:‎ Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didn’t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.‎ Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years. Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.‎ Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait. 在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：‎ ‎59. The best title of the passage is ____________.‎ ‎ A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees ‎ C. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer bees 这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killer bees” 的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕“killer bees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。(B)‎ 训练： （一） 　　It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open. 　　Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing. 　　Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears. 5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _______. 　　A. how to find the blind spot    B. an interesting experiment 　　C. where the blind spot is      D. there is blind spot on the eye ‎ ‎（二） 　　Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. 　　He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.” 　　“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.” 　　He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm. 　　But four days later, he returned home. 　　“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?” 　　“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.” 　　“Oh. What?” 　　“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.” 　　“What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.” 　　“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.” 　　“Lucky you!” 　　“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.” 　　“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!” 　　“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn't dare (敢)stay for dinner!” 1. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time.　‎ C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.‎ ‎ （三）‎ ‎　In 1998, World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead of the usual black and white ball, a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors: red, blue and white. Interestingly enough, the French national flag happened to be in three colors, too. Besides, 32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early football was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by, more pieces of leather were used, from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now. 　　About three million such new footballs were made. And then some players were playing the new ball in their training. The makers have warned the goalkeeper that the new ball flies in a direct line at a fast speed. 　　After trying the ball for some time, a footballer said that the ball was quite different from the traditional (传统的) black and white one, and that the goalkeeper would find it harder to catch them. Another footballer said that there would be more goals. “For the player on the ground, the new ball is easier to control as it flies. A good player can shoot in more goals,” he said. 　　1.What’s the best title for this passage? 　　A. Football of New Kind B. 98 World Cup Football Match 　　C. Goalkeepers and Players D. Three-color Flag of France B 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力 ‎ • 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：‎ ‎ 1) Which of the following is right?‎ ‎ 2) Which of the following is not mentioned?‎ ‎ 3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?‎ ‎ 4) Choose the right order of this passage.‎ ‎ 5) From this passage we know ________.‎ 解题方法(找细节):‎ 解题要点是找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词：指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思相反或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后，再将四个答案与此句内容对照后，就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同，则该答案即为正确答案。 训练：　 （一） ‎ If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星). 　　A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels. 　　If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then? 　　Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long ‎ tail. 　　Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. 　　An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.‎ ‎1.A comet is like ________. 　　A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth 2.A large part of a comet is ______. 　　A. water and rock         B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron 　　C. ice, iron and rock dust        D. only a few big pieces of rock 3.Maybe many people _______. 　　A. haven’t seen any comets B. have seen all comets 　　C. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet 4.Some comets keep coming back ________. 　　A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime 5.Halley’s Comets came back _____.        A. in 1990 B. in 1980 C. in 1986 D. in 1989 （二） 　　On November 18th, 1908, three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Auguste Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon, and they were ready for a long way. 　　Soon they heard the sea below them. They were carrying the usual rope , and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight. They were also carrying some bags of sand. 　　After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. There was also some snow on the balloon, and that made it very heavy. ‎ It began to go down towards the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling; so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake below and made a black hole in the ice. 　　At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 meters! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London! 　1.Three men flew in a balloon _________. 　　A. more than a century ago B. to visit Poland　‎ C. for nearly 1,800 kilometers D. to another city 2.The metal box was used for _______. 　　A. changing weight B. carrying ropes of the basket 　　C. keeping drinking water D. carrying the bags of sand 3.When the balloon went up higher, ________. 　　A. they saw the sun go down 　　‎ B. the temperature of the balloon began to fall 　　C. they could see a black hole on the ground ‎ D. they made a hole in the basket with their knives 4.The balloon landed __________. 　　A. in a foreign country B. on a lake‎ 　‎C.‎ in London D. on the sea 5.The three men had to land because _______. 　　A. they were very hungry B. they had not enough sand 　　C. they pulled the box into the basket D. they felt too cold （三） 　　If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place. 　　There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信号) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help. 　　Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will ‎ know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (枪声). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help. 　　If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house---cover up to the holes with branches (树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass. 　　What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place. 1.If you lost in the forest, you should _______. 　　A. stay where you are and give signals three times 　　B. walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear you 　　C. try to find your friends as soon as possible 　　D. try to get out of the forest and shout for help ‎2.If you want to let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun, you should ___. 　　A. tell people that you are lost B. keep up shouting or whistling 　　C. shout at the top of your voice D. shout or whistle three times 3.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, __________. 　　A. you should shout more loudly B. you can whistle three times 　　C. it is an answer to your call for help D. you should try to run to them 4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you should ________. 　　A. just go to the river 　　‎ B. find some glasses or bottles before you go 　　C. make a fire so that you can have some tea ‎　　D. leave marks so that you can find your way back 5.This passage mainly tells you __________. 　　A. when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for help 　　B. What you should do if you get lost in a forest 　　C. any signal given twice means an answer to a call for help C 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力 ‎ • 此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：‎ ‎ 1) The word “ …” in the passage probably means ________.‎ ‎ 2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.‎ ‎ 3) In this story the underlined word “… ” means ________.‎ ‎ 4) Here “it” means________.‎ 解题秘诀：上下文推理 ‎①代入替换法。把四个选项分别代入题干，据语言逻辑判断哪个更加符合上下文的逻辑意思。 ②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组。做这类题的关键是：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文 ③利用语法和逻辑。有时根据上下文提代的线索或者其他方法，仍然不能得到唯一答案，就可以利用语法和逻辑方面的规则来判断，符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案，反之则不是正确答案。‎ ‎ (1)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。‎ 例1 ： Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow ‎ in warm areas.‎ 假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。‎ 例2 ： There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. ‎ ‎ What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽 ‎ ‎ 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。‎ ‎(2)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。‎ 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，‎ 例1 ：man has known something about the planets venus，mars，and jupiter with the help of spaceships.‎ 此句中的venus(金星)、mars(火星)、jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：‎ 例2 ： he is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother 根据not at all……handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。‎ ‎(3).通过构词法猜词 　　在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等；名词后-福ful构成形容词，如careful,useful;名词后-less表没有，如careless,friedless; 后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等；‎ ‎ 后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。‎ ‎(4)根据因果关系猜测词义。‎ 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。‎ 例如： You shouldn‘t have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.‎ 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。　　 (5)根据定义或解释猜测词义或通过描述猜词 例1：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. ‎ 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。‎ 描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。‎ 例2：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.‎ 从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。‎ 例3：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….‎ Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”‎ John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.‎ A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。 ‎ ‎(6)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。‎ 例如：‎ As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.‎ ‎ 文章后面有这样一道题：‎ ‎53. In the text, “put an end to” means “___________”.‎ ‎ A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly ‎ 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。‎ D考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力 ‎ • 此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：‎ ‎ 1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.‎ ‎ 2) Some shops can be built Donfeng Square so that they may _____.‎ ‎ 3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.‎ ‎ 4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station? ‎ 解题秘诀：依据原文认真比较选项 ①绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达. ②如果四个选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理步骤，那么与原文意思最接近、所用推理最少的选项即是正确答案 ‎ It was Mother's Day. John was so busy with his work that he couldn't go back home. When he passed by a flower shop in the evening, an idea came to his mind, “I'll send Mum some roses(玫瑰).”While John was picking his flowers, a young man went inside. “How many roses can I get for only five dollars, madam?” he asked. The assistant(店员) was trying to tell him roses were as expensive as forty dollars a dozen(一打). Maybe he would be happy with carnations(康乃馨).‎ ‎“No, I have to have red roses,” he said. “My mum was badly ill last year and I didn't get to spend much time with her. Now I want to get something special, it has to be roses as rose is her favourite.”‎ After hearing it, John said he would pay the rest of the money for the young man. Moved by both of them, the assistant said, “Well, lovely young men, thirty dollars a dozen, only for you.” Taking the roses, the young man almost jumped into the air and ran out of the shop. It was well worth twenty－five dollars that John paid to see the exciting moment. Then John paid for his dozen of roses and told the assistant to send them to his mother.‎ As he walked out, he felt nice. Suddenly he saw the young man crossing the street and going into a park. But soon John realized it was not a park but a cemetery(墓地). Crying, the young man carefully put down the roses, “Mum, oh, Mum, why didn't I tell you how much I loved you? God, please help me find my mum and tell her I love her.”‎ Seeing this, John turned and quickly walked to the shop. He would take the flowers home himself.‎ l The assistant tried to ask the young man to buy carnations instead of roses because_________ .‎ A. carnations were nicer than roses B. roses were saved for John C. roses were more expensive than carnations D. carnations were special flowers for Mother's Day ‎2.John spent _________ altogether(总共) in the flower shop that day.‎ A.$5 B.$‎25 ‎ C.$30 D.$55‎ l ‎3.The young man cried at the cemetery because he .‎ A. had spent all his money on the roses B. wasn't able to tell his mother he loved her himself C. felt sorry to ask John to pay for his flowers D. hadn't got enough money for his sick mother ‎4.At last John changed his mind and went home because he wanted to .‎ A. tell his mother he loved her himself B. ask his mother for more money C. tell his mother the young man's story D. ask his mother if she liked roses ‎5.The writer writes the passage in order to tell us “ .”‎ A. Buy roses for your mother when she is ill B. Let your mother know how much you love her C. Work hard to get more money for your mother D. Send your mother flowers on Mother's Day E 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力 ‎ • 此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：‎ ‎ 1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.‎ ‎ 2) We can infer from the text that _______.‎ ‎ 3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs.‎ ‎ 4) From the story we can guess ______.‎ ‎ 5) What would be happy if …? ‎ 解题秘诀:‎ ‎ 这种题目往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。 所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。‎ 在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：‎ Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news. ‎ ‎ ‎ According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?‎ A. You often play football with your friends after school.‎ B. Your teacher has got a cold.‎ C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.‎ D. The bike in front of your house is lost.‎ ‎ 根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。‎ 训练：　　 ‎ Are you carrying too much on your back at school? You’re not alone. Back experts in the United States are worried that young students are having back and neck problems as a result of carrying too much in their backpacks (schoolbags). 　　“It hurts my back when I run,” said Oberlin Reyes, a student in Virginia. “It’s hard to get up the stairs with my backpack, because it’s too heavy.” 　　Oberlin is among students whose backpacks were weighed for a week in a recent study. 　　They had regular backpacks with two straps (带子) to carry them, but a number of students with heavy loads had switched to rolling backpacks (which have wheels and can roll on the ground). 　　Shirley Park, whose backpack weighed 10 kilograms, said she changed to a rolling backpack because she was starting to have back pain. 　　How much is too much? Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight. 　　A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load: less homework. 　　P.S. (附) Doctor’s suggestion: 　　① Lighten the load. Clean out binders (活页材料) and take home only the books you need that night. 　　② Wide straps are better. They send out the weight over your shoulders more evenly (均匀). And be sure to wear both straps rather than hanging the pack over one shoulder. 　　③ Pack smart. The heavier things should be packed closed to the back. 　　④ Bend both knees when you pick up the pack, and don’t just bend over at the waist (腰). 1. “_____” is the main idea of the text. 　　A. The problem of backpacks is worth studying　　‎ B. The problem made by heavy backpacks 　　C. What is the best backpack for a student　　‎ D. How to make students’ backpacks light 2. According to Enderlin Reyes and Shirley Park, we know ______. 　　A. students have to do too much homework　　‎ B. backpacks have to carry heavy backpacks 　　C. backpacks without wheels are bad for students 　　D. too much homework leaves students no free time 3.The expression “switched to” in the text perhaps means ______. 　　A. started to use B. turned to C. caught up D. used for 4. According to the passage, it’s better for a student of 40 kilograms to carry a backpack of _____ at most by the words of experts. 　　A. 10 kg B. 8 kg C. 6 kg D. 7 kg 5.If students follow the doctor’s suggestions they ______. 　　A. may lighten their backpacks　　 B. can learn how to help themselves 　　C. may feel their backpacks are lighter　 D. will know how to wear backpacks F 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力 ‎ 该题型主要考察学生对文中的有关语句、要点、细节、观点等的理解能力。这种题要求在宏观把握文章的基础上，作出合理判断。这种题要求在宏观把握文章的基础上，选出作者对文章所谈问题的态度，而不是我们对某一问题的经验。这类题要求考生从文章的论述方法、语气和遣词造句中把握作者对人与事的好恶，了解作者的态度和情感；这类题目需要多注意文章开头、结尾等传达作者感情倾向的地方。‎ ‎1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?‎ ‎2) The writer writes this text to ______.‎ ‎3) The writer believes that ______.‎ ‎4) The writer suggests that ______.‎ 一般作者的态度分为三大类： ①支持、赞同、乐观 ②客观、中立 ③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观 ‎ 解题秘诀：‎ ‎①理解文章、合理推断，切不可经验主义。 ②找文中带有感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词、副词 ③根据作者举的例子判断 ‎ 坚持哦！---- 突破阅读 星期一： (一)‎ Live Music-late Night Jazz(爵士乐)‎ Enjoy real American jazz from Herbie Davis, the famous trumpet player(号手). He is known to play well into the early hours, so don’t want to get much sleep.‎ PLACE: The Jazz Club DATES: 15—23 June PRICE: ￥100—150 TIME: 10p.m. till late!‎ TEL: 4668736‎ Scottish dancing is nice and easy to learn. The wonderful dance from England will be given.‎ PLACE: Jack Stein’s DATES: 10—20 May PRICE: ￥150 TIME: 7—10 p.m TEL: 4021877‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Shows—‎Anhui‎ ‎Museum There are 12,000 pieces on show here. You can see the whole of Chinese history.‎ PLACE: Anhui‎ ‎Museum DATES: 1 Mar—30 Jun PRICE: ￥60 (￥30 for students) TIME: Monday—Friday ‎9 a.m –5 p.m TEL: 4886888 Weekends ‎9 a.m.—9 p.m.‎ Your pen-friend is coming from Australia to your city for a holiday. You send him this E-mail to tell him something about the hotels.‎ ‎ SUN HOTEL ROSE HOTEL Dates Prices (a night) Prices ( a night)‎ ‎1 Oct—31 Dec ￥168 ￥198‎ ‎1 Jan—31 Mar ￥148 ￥178‎ ‎1 Apr—30 Apr (closed) …… ……‎ ‎1 May—31 May ￥188 ￥218‎ ‎1 Jun—30 Sep ￥208 ￥248‎ Tel: 4686788 E-mail: LiHong @ 163.com.‎ ‎1. If you want to watch dancing, you can call _______.‎ A. 4668736 B. ‎4021877 C. 4886888 D. 4686788‎ ‎2. You can see the whole of Chinese history at _______ in April in Anhui‎ ‎Museum.‎ A.3 p.m. every day B. 9 p.m. from Monday to Friday ‎ C. ‎7 a.m. at weekends D. 7 p.m. every day ‎3. You can enjoy ______ at Jack Stein’s. ‎ A. American jazz B. Scottish dancing C. 12,000 pieces on show D. yourself all night ‎4. You have 148, and you can ______ in May.‎ A. listen to Jazz B. watch Scottish dancing ‎ C. go to Anhui‎ ‎Museum D. stay in Sun Hotel for a night ‎5. How many days did Scottish dancing last?‎ A. Ten days. B. A week. C. Eleven days. D. Two weeks. ‎ ‎ （二）‎ When you get up in the morning, do you find it hard to choose what clothes to wear? If so, you probably need help making the bigger choices in your life, like what to do when you’re older. “Brave New Girls”, by American author Jean Gadeberg, will help you make such choices. It says you must be a brave new girl. A brave new girl is one who is confident, healthy and happy. A brave new girl can realize her dreams. To be brave, you need to make decisions for yourself. Other people may tell you what to do, but you should not listen to them. You must only do what you want. If you always wear clothes like your favourite TV star, you must stop doing so. Instead, become your own star and wear the clothes you want. You have to like your body, it says. If you don’t, you will not take good care of it and won’t stay healthy. The book also says that girls must start becoming more confident. If you are confident, you’ll succeed in life. A good way to become confident is to realize that you are as clever as boys. You are, just look at their grades! Only they can realize their dreams and become who they want to be.‎ ‎1. What quality should a brave new girl have?‎ A. Confident B. Healthy C. Happy D. A, B and C ‎2. “Brave New Girls” is a ______.‎ A. film B. story C. book D. newspaper ‎3. Suppose you are a brave new girl, which answer is wrong?‎ ‎ A. Make decision for yourself B. Wear clothes like your favourite TV star C. Like your body D. Realize that you are as clever as boys.‎ ‎4. What’s the meaning of the word “grade” in this passage?‎ A.年级 B. 成绩 C. 品位 D. 道路 ‎5. What’s the best title of the passage?‎ A. To be brave B. A good book C. To be a brave new girl D. Realize dreams ‎ （三）Fighting against CD copies ‎ How much do you want to pay for a CD by your favourite singer Jay Chou? Five yuan for a pirated(盗版的) one ,or more for a real one?‎ Wang Ye ,14,said she would like the real one although the pirated one is cheaper .”A real one is worth keeping for years .” said the girl from No.1 middle school in Wu Han‎, ‎Anhui.“Real CDs always sound better to me .”‎ What can we do ‎ People want to do more to help those like Wang to get real CDs.‎ This week the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry(IFPI,国际唱片产业协会) asked many countries to act against piracy(盗版行为).‎ In many places in China ,the government is checking audio and video products(音像产品) .Pirated ones are broken into pieces.‎ Piracy is in your daily life .Don’t believe it ?A study by 21st Century Teens found that more than 75 percent of juniors had listened to pirated music .They say this is because pirated products are usually much cheaper than the real ones.‎ Why are real CDs so expensive ?When a music company makes music ,it needs to pay the song writers and singers. It costs a lot of money! This makes the price of the CDs go up. Piracy like stealing .People who make pirated copies of CDs take away the writers’ and singers’ work without paying them .They even don’t ask them if they can .‎ So next time you’d better keep your eyes brightened when you see cheap CDs. Remember you’re helping someone to do something wrong if you buy them .‎ How do know what’s real Already made up your mind to buy real ones ? Well, you should get to know what real CDs look like .‎ A real CD has the name and trademark(商标) of the music company on the cover(封面). The company’s address, telephone number and fax number are on it.‎ If you open the CD box you ’ll see the singer’s name and the album title .Most important of all, a real CD has a number of from the IFPI on it.‎ But people who make pirated CDs only need the real CD and disks to copy them .That’s why some CDs are only five yuan, but some many sell for 150 yuan.‎ ‎1.Real CDs are more expensive because _________________.‎ A. it takes longer to make them B. more people are needed to make them ‎ C. a lot of money is paid to singers and writers D. better ways are used to make them ‎2. Buying pirated CDs is just like _______________________.‎ A. stealing B. robbing ‎ C. helping someone to do something wrong D. helping someone ‎3. From the passage we get to know that some pirated audio and products are ______________.‎ A. moved away B. destroyed C. broken D. made smaller ‎4. Which of the following is not true ?‎ A.A real CD has the album title. B. Piracy is like stealing.‎ C. Piracy is in our daily life. D. We should learn to save money and buy pirated CDs.‎ ‎ （四）‎ TEN-YEAR-OLD Barack Obama was one of the only three black students at his school in Hawaii , US. He felt very different from most other students. White girls wanted to touch his hair. A white boy asked him whether his father ate people. “I lied (说谎) to them that my father was a Kenyan prince (王子). But I kept asking myself who I am,” said Obama. However, 37 years later, the boy made history. Last Wednesday Obama became the first black president in US history. Obama was born in 1961, to an African father and a white American woman from a small town in the US. He grew up in Indonesia and Hawaii. This unusual background made him wonder who he was. He once turned to wines to help forget this question. With the help of his friends, Obama finally turned his life around at college. His hard work made him a star at Harvard . Later, he became only the third black senator (参议员) in US history. During his race to the highest post in the US, Obama talked about his background. He called for a United States of America, rather than a white America or a black America. “Obama’s success has made Martin Luther King’s dream come true. That is: A man should not be judged (判断) by the color of his skin (皮肤), but by the content of his character,” wrote ABC news.‎ ‎1. Where can we find this passage ?‎ ‎ A. In a newspaper. B. In a novel. C. In a history book. D. In a poster.‎ ‎2. We can infer from the passage that ______________ .‎ ‎ A. Martin Luther King fought for his dream and he succeeded.‎ ‎ B. Obama has the same dream as Martin Luther King.‎ ‎ C. Obama was once bothered（困扰）by the question where he was born. ‎ ‎ D. Obama became the president at the age of 37.‎ ‎3．In Obama’s opinion, what would “ a United States of America” be like ?‎ ‎ A. It would be a country made up of fifty states. B. It would be ruled by the black people.‎ ‎ C. It would be ruled by the white people. D. It would be a country of all Americans. 4. What is the best title of this passage ?‎ ‎ A. A Man who Changed American History B. Kenyan Prince ‎ C. A Top Student of Harvard D. Who Am I ?‎ 一）B A B D C 二） D C B B B 三） CCBD 四） ABDA ‎ 星期二 （一）‎ Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife, "I'm going to fly to New York next week because I've got some work there." "Where are you going to stay there?" his wife asked. "I don't know yet." Dick answered. "Please send me your address from there in a telegram (电报)," his wife said. "All right," Dick answered.‎ He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it.‎ In the evening he didn't have any work, so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine o'clock and said, "Now I'm going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner." He found a taxi (出租车) and the driver said, "Where do you want to go? "But Dick didn't remember the name and address of his hotel. "Which hotel are my things in?" he said, "And what am I going to do tonight?" But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram, and in it he wrote, "Please send me my address at this post office."‎ Choose the right answer ‎1. Dick flew to New York because ___.‎ A. he went there for a holiday B. he had work there C. he went there for sightseeing (观光) D. his home was there ‎2. Why did his wife want a telegram from him? ‎ A. Because she didn't know his address yet ‎ ‎ B. Because she wanted to go to New York, too C. Because she might send him another telegram D. Because she couldn't leave her husband by himself in ‎New York ‎3. Where did Dick stay in New York?‎ A. In the center of the city. B. In a hotel.‎ C. In a restaurant. D. At his friend's house.‎ ‎4. Who would send him the name and address of his hotel?‎ A. The manager (经理) of his hotel. B. The police office.‎ C. The taxi driver. D. His wife.‎ ‎5. Which of the following is not true?‎ A. Dick stayed at a nice hotel in the center of the city.‎ B. Dick didn't work on the first night of his arrival.‎ C. Dick forgot to send his wife a telegram.‎ D. Dick wanted to go back to his hotel in a taxi. ‎ ‎ （二）‎ In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.‎ In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes. When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.‎ ‎1. Why do people in England often talk about the weather?‎ A. Because they may have four seasons in one day B. Because they often have very good weather C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring D. Because the sky is sunny all day ‎2. From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.‎ A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds ‎ C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn ‎3. "People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too______in winter."‎ A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy ‎4. In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.‎ A. their friends ask them to do so B. it often rains in ‎England C. they are going to sell them D. they are their favourite things ‎5. The best title (标题) for this passage is ________.‎ A. Bad Seasons B. Summer or Winter ‎ C. The Weather in England D. Strange English People ‎ ‎ (三)‎ Mexico‎'s neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country. Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 metres). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day. About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.‎ Mexico‎ also has its specialities. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country. ‎ ‎1. Mexico is ____the USA.‎ A. on the south of B. on the north of C. a part of D. as large as ‎2. Mexicans speak______.‎ A. English B. Spanish C. French D. Latin(拉丁语)‎ ‎3. Which of the following is NOT true? ‎ A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico. ‎ B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.‎ C. Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.‎ D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world. ‎ ‎4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in ______.‎ A. America B. Spain C. Tokyo D. ‎Mexico ‎5. The best title (题目) of the passage is ___. ‎ A. Mexico City B. Mexico's plants C. Mexico D. Mexico's population ‎ (四)‎ He is quiet and shy. He doesn’t smile very often. However, if you talk to him about music, he will have a lot to say.‎ This is Jay Chou, the 28-year-old pop king in Taiwan. His fans were so excited because he sang songs in Beijing on September 12, 2003. And his album (唱片) was released（发行）in July, 2003 and was named after his mother. Chou grew up with his mother. He didn’t talk too much and did badly on many school subjects.‎ His mother noticed the boy’s special interest in music and sent him to learn the piano when he was only three years old. He loved it and kept on practicing.‎ Chou is not very handsome, but he has a lot of fans. “He is true to himself. He never follows others,” said Zhang Yujie, a girl at Huabei Middle School in Sihong‎, ‎Jiangsu Province.‎ ‎1. From this passage, we know that Jay Chou _________.‎ A. is very handsome B. has a bright smile ‎ C. often makes too much noise D. is a pop music star ‎2. Jay Chou’s fans were so excited because ________ .‎ A. he released a new album in July, 2003 B. he sang songs in ‎Beijing C. he can play the piano very well D. his new album was named after his mother ‎3. When he was a little child, Jay Chou ___________.‎ A. talked a lot every day B. did well in his study at school C. started to like music D. had a lot of fans ‎4. According to (根据) one of his fans, Jay Chou _____________________.‎ A. is a good student B. has long and beautiful hair C. is a famous pianist D. is very attractive to her ‎5. The sentence “He never follows others.” means __________________.‎ A. he always has his own style B. he likes to walk alone C. he doesn’t like other people’s songs at all D. no one can catch up with him 一）B A B D C 二） ABABC 三） 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C四） DBCDA 星期三： (一)‎ The umbrella is a very ordinary (普通的) thing. It keeps the rain and sun off people. It is east to carry the umbrellas when they are not opened. However, the umbrella did not begin life as an ordinary thing, it was a sign of a king or an important person. Some African people still use umbrella in his way today. Someone carries an umbrella and walks behind the king or an important person.‎ Umbrellas are very old. The Chinese had them in the eleventh century B.C. From there they traveled to India, Egypt and other countries, but in some countries, men wouldn’t use them. They believed umbrellas were only for women.‎ England‎ was probably the first country in Europe where ordinary people used umbrellas. England has rainy weather, and umbrellas are useful there. Everywhere uses umbrella today. The next time you carry one, remember that for centuries only great men and women used them. Perhaps you are really a king and a queen. ‎ ‎1. The umbrella is used to _______________ today. ‎ A. keep the rain off people B. keep the sun off people C. keep the rain and the sun off people D. a decoration ‎2. In the past (过去) an umbrella was a sign of __________________.‎ A. a king B. a queen C. the ordinary people D. a king and an important person ‎3. When did the Chinese people have umbrellas?‎ A. In the 11th century B.C. B. In the 12th century B.C. ‎ C. In the 10th century B.C. D. In the 21st century B.C.‎ ‎4. Why do the English people like umbrellas?‎ A. Because they can be used against the rain. ‎ B. Because they can be used as a sign of an important person ‎ C. Because they can help you think you’re a king or a queen. ‎ D. Because they are an ordinary thing. ‎ ‎5. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Umbrellas in the past B. Umbrellas today C. Umbrellas and people D. Umbrellas as a sign ‎ ‎(二 )‎ Is there life on Mars? We don’t know. We are sure that people like those on the earth do not live on Mars. Earth people need oxygen to breathe. There is almost no oxygen on Mars.‎ Living on Mars would be like living on a very high mountain. There would be little air. It might be 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night.‎ Many people think there may be plants on Mars. We know that Mars has carbon(碳). This is a kind of material found in all plants and animals on earth. Through a telescope, Mars looks red. In some places, it seems gray. At times the gray color turns gray-green, then brown, then gray again. The gray-green color may be a kind of plant life changing color with the seasons.‎ Will men go to Mars one day? If they do, they will have to take along their own oxygen, food, clothing, and shelter(住所).‎ ‎1. Which of the following you are sure doesn’t exist(存在) on Mars?‎ A. Life. B. Man. C. Plant. D. Carbon.‎ ‎2. Why can’t people live on Mars?‎ Because there is almost no oxygen. B. Because it is too hot at noon.‎ C. Because it is too cold at night. D. All of the above.‎ ‎3.What is always found in plants and animals on earth?‎ A. Oxygen. B. Earth. C. Carbon. D. None of the above.‎ ‎4. Which of the following shows that there may be life on Mars?‎ A. Its gray color. B. Its gray-green color. C. Its brown color. D. The changing of its colors.‎ ‎5. The main idea of the story is that ______.‎ A. there may be life on Mars B. Mars can’t change its colors ‎ C. men can’t live on Mars D. Mars is different from the earth ‎ (三)‎ Round eyes, round head, round ears, round body! What is this lovely little animal?He looks like a bear. But he is not a bear. He’s a KOALA.‎ People in Australia love koalas and take care of them. They have set up places for them to live safely. No one can kill them for their pretty fur（毛皮）. When a koala is born, he has no fur. And he is not as big as your little toe（脚趾）! The mother koala has a pocket in the front of her body. The baby goes into this warm pocket. There he stays for six months.‎ The koala could not live without a special kind of tree. The tree gives him both his home and his food. For most of the day the koala sleeps in the tree.‎ At night the koala looks for food. He may go miles to find it He likes only the bark（树皮） and the leaves of the tree. He eats nothing else. And he eats more than two pounds each night！ ‎ How lovely the koalas really are!‎ ‎1. People in Australia_________. ‎ A. keep koalas in their homes B. put koalas in the tree ‎ C. set up places for koalas to live safely ‎ ‎2. After he is born, the baby koala lives in his mother' s pocket _________. ‎ A. for six days B. for six months C. for a night ‎ ‎3. When a koala is born, he has no fur and he is ____________? ‎ A. very big B. smaller than your little toe C. as big as your little toe ‎4. Koalas cannot live without a special kind of tree because ____. ‎ ‎ A. they have to keep cool under the tree B. they eat the fruit on the tree C. they live in the tree and get food from it ‎5. What is the text mainly about? ‎ A. How people in Australia protect koalas. B. Lovely koalas in Australia.‎ C. Koalas cannot live without a special kind of tree.‎ ‎（四）‎ Over 1，400 university students from 37 countries and regions came to China for the 2006’s World MUN meeting（世界大学生模拟联合国大会）. The meeting was held in Peking‎ ‎University from March 27th to 31st, 2006.‎ ‎ The idea of the World MUN began in 1991. A group of students at Harvard（哈佛）University wanted to make a new meeting to bring together the students who were interested in the world. They wanted to discuss different problems around the world. The World MUN is based on understanding, compromise, learning and friendship. The first meeting was held in Poland in 1992. After that, it is held in spring every year. Last year, it was held in Scotland. ‎ ‎ This was the first time the World MUN meeting was held in Asia. It was also the biggest one in history. The students came from the best universities around the world. During the five-day meeting, they did everything that people in the UN do. Though their skin colors and cultures were different, they had the same wish to make the world better. ‎ ‎1.The 2006’s World MUN meeting was held in .‎ ‎ A. Scotland B. Harvard University C. Peking University ‎ ‎2.So far, the World MUN meeting has been held .‎ ‎ A. 16 times B. 14 times C. 15 times ‎3.The word “compromise” in the passage means in Chinese.‎ ‎ A. 友谊 B. 理解 C. 和解 ‎4. Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. The students want to travel around the world.‎ B. The students are interested in the world.‎ C. The students want to discuss different problems.‎ ‎5.The best title of the passage is .‎ A. The First World MUN Meeting B. The World MUN Meeting C. University Students 星期四： （一）‎ A doctor was once teaching a class of medical students at a famous hospital in Edinburgh. An injured（受伤的）man was brought in, and the doctor turned to one of the students and asked him, “What’s wrong with this man?”‎ ‎“I don’t know, sir,” the student answered. “Shall I examine him and find it out?”‎ ‎“There is no need to examine him,” said the doctor. “You should know without asking any questions. He has hurt his right knee（膝盖）. Didn’t you notice the way he walked? He hurt it by burning it in the fire. You see his trouser leg is burnt away at the knee. This is Monday morning. Yesterday was fine, but on Saturday the roads were wet and muddy. The man’s trousers are muddy all over. The man fell down on Saturday night.”‎ The doctor then turned to the man and said, “You had your wages（薪水）on Saturday and went to a public house and drank too much. You got wet and muddy on the way home. Because you had drunk too much, you fell on the fire and burnt you knee. Is that right?” “Yes, sir,” said the man.‎ ‎1. The medical students were having a lesson ____ .‎ A. in a medical school B. at a well-known hospital C. in a classroom D. at the library ‎2. The man hurt his knee ____ .‎ A. yesterday B. on Monday morning C. on Saturday night D. on Friday night ‎3. With his wages the man first went ____ .‎ A. home B. to see the doctor C. to see his friend D. to have a drink ‎4. His knee was burnt because ____ .‎ A. he was ill B. he was cold ‎ C. he had drunk too much and fell on the fire D. he was near the fire.‎ ‎5. The doctor was good at ____ .‎ A. taking care of others B. watching and thinking C. learning from others D. teaching ‎ （二）‎ ‎*You’ll never be good at maths.‎ It’s generally accepted that boys are good at maths and girls aren’t. The fact is that it isn’t true---at least, it doesn’t have to be.‎ When girls reach their teens, most of them lose interest in maths. They’re trying to be regarded as females. They want to stay away from things that are boys’ things, and maths is still considered boys’ thing. Maths class is hard, but if you give yourself a chance you can be good at maths, especially because you are a girl.‎ ‎*Being skinny is good, and how you diet is your business.‎ Lots of websites tell visitors that losing interest in eating is a beautiful thing. These “skinny-is-better sites” are lying. Losing interest in eating is a disease, not a fashion. It can kill you.‎ ‎*You don’t deserve to make as much money as a guy.‎ It’s said that in 2008 women who work full-time earn about 23 percent less than guys earn. Once you see real women succeeding in cool jobs, you’ll really understand that you’re worth just as much or more than any guys.‎ ‎*Caffeine will help you study better.‎ Caffeinated soft drinks have long been advertised as must-haves when you have to work very hard. But if you want to do your body a big favor and spend less money on making up(打扮) your face, you should give up caffeine altogether.‎ ‎1. According to the first part of the passage, why do girls lose their interest in maths?‎ A. Because girls don’t realize the importance of maths.‎ B. Because maths class is too hard for girls.‎ C. Because girls aren’t interested in the things which are considered boys’ things.‎ D. Because girls are not as clever as boys.‎ ‎2. According to the second part of the passage, the author thinks that losing interest in eating is _____.‎ A. a beautiful thing B. fashionable ‎ C. a good way to lose weight D. bad for your health ‎3. Supposing a man earns $20,000 a year, how much will a woman who does the same job probably get?‎ A. About $10,000. B. About $15,000. ‎ C. About $20,000. D. About $25,000.‎ ‎4. Which of the following statement is NOT true?‎ A. Being skinny is good for girls’ health. B. Girls sometimes can do as well as boys in maths.‎ C. Girls can earn as much money as boys do. D. Caffeine is bad for your health.‎ ‎5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Girls’ shortcomings B. Four pieces of advice for girls.‎ C. The difference between boys and girls D. Girls are weaker than boys.‎ ‎ (三)‎ A bug flies by a plant. This plant has a pretty red flower. The bug smells something wonderful. So it goes nearer and nearer to the flower. Then it sees some leaves on the plant. They are long and green and good to eat. But they look strange. They are folded(折叠) together. The bug flies over and sits on one. Oooops! That’s the end of the bug.‎ This poor bug has landed on a plant that eats bugs! Meat-eating plants use special ways to trap bugs.‎ Some have pretty flowers. They look so nice and smell so sweet that bugs fly directly into them. But there is no way they can get out. The plant keeps the bug there. It uses the bug as food. That’s how the plant lives.‎ There are many kinds of plants that eat bugs. Each plant has a special way to catch bugs. The leaves of one plant snap(猛地咬住) together when the bug lands on them. Other plants have sticky leaves. These leaves roll up(卷起来) with the bugs trapped inside them.‎ One kind of this plant has little hairs on its leaves. They hold anything that comes along so it can not get away. Then the leaves close up around the food.‎ You can keep a plant like this in your home. Don’t worry. You won’t have to catch bugs to feed it. Just go to a flower store. You can get special food there. If not, you can just give it bits of meat.‎ ‎1. What does the sentence “Oooops! That’s the end of the bug.” mean？‎ A. Oh! Its food is missing B. Ah! Its life ends C. Oh, bad! It disappears suddenly D. Oh! It flies away at once ‎2. Why is that the end of the bug?‎ A. It gets hurt and can’t fly again. B. It likes eating sweet things.‎ C. The plant on which it lands will eat it. D. It wants to live on leaves forever.‎ ‎3. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. A bug was a kind of plant B. A bug was a kind of sugar C. A bug was a kind of very small insect D. A bug was a kind of flower ‎4. If you have a plant that eats bugs, you .‎ A. must catch bugs to feed it B. can go to a flower store for special food C. should give it some vegetables D. need to give it some rice or milk ‎5. Which of the following is WRONG?‎ ‎ A. Some plants can eat small insect.‎ ‎ B. The plants which eat bug flies attract them by their sweet smell.‎ ‎ C. Some plants catch bugs by using their leaves. ‎ ‎ D. It’s difficult to keep a plant which can eat bugs in your home.‎ ‎(四)‎ Have you ever shopped in Beijing? Do you know bargaining is the rule there? At least, it is so in most markets and back-street clothes shops. Bargaining is an art and if you are unfamiliar (不熟悉) with it, we’d like to offer you some advice. The tips here are often used in Beijing but may help you at any place in the world where bargaining is practiced. ‎ ‎◆ Do not say how much you want to pay for something unless it’s near the end of the bargaining. Always try and drop the seller’s offering price as much as possible before opening your mouth with a price. ‎ ‎◆ Do throw out really low prices like 10 RMB with a big smile. ‎ ‎◆ Do keep smiling from the beginning to the end. The seller usually continues bargaining with a happy smiling face. Getting angry hardly gets you the price you want. ‎ ‎◆ Keep in mind the price offered by the seller at the beginning is usually at least 40% over the generally reasonable price. It can be up to 50% over. ‎ ‎◆ Do have an idea of what the item costs. You can ask your friends, people in the hotel or others you know, or look at the list below. This is very general and is based (根据) on a market like Xiu Shui. You may not be able to get the lowest prices at Xiu Shui, especially on a weekend when there are lots of tourists around. ‎ ‎1. Who is this passage written for?‎ A. Owners of back-street shops. B. Businessmen in Beijing. ‎ C. Those who are good at bargaining. D. Those who travel in Beijing.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “bargaining” (in paragraph 1) mean?‎ ‎ A. 购物 B. 付款 C. 讨价还价 D. 便宜商品 ‎3. What is the topic the writer is mainly talking about in this passage?‎ A. Beijing markets. B. Bargaining tips. ‎ C. Lowest prices. D. Seller’s offer. ‎ ‎4. What is the most important thing to do in bargaining with the seller?‎ A. Keep smiling. B. Be patient. ‎ C. Don’t get angry. D. Don’t say anything. ‎ ‎5. What is NOT included in the tips often used to bargain in Beijing?‎ A. Find out the true price and go to the markets with friends. ‎ B. Don’t offer your price until the end of the bargaining with a smile. ‎ C. Drop the seller’s offering price four or five times (倍) until he agrees. ‎ D. Don’t go to markets at the time when there are too many tourists. ‎ 星期五： （一） ‎ We can find ads everywhere. Here are four ads. Please read them carefully.‎ ‎(1)WANTED Are you hard working? Do you like to meet people? If your answer is “Yes”, then we have a job for you as a waiter. Call AL Hotel at 8556779!‎ ‎(2)SUMMER JOB Do you like to talk with people? Do you like to write stories? If you want to work for our magazine as a reporter, please call Karen at 85558366.‎ ‎(3)HELP WANTED Do you like babies? Can you look after one baby for two days? If you are sure to take good care of it, call us at 8766588. $80 or more.‎ Today! Hurry!‎ ‎(4)CLEANER WANTED Can you make a large house clean and tidy? If you hope to get the job paid at $ 20 once, call us this evening 18∶00～20∶00. Tel: 8633800‎  ‎1.The above job ads are probably from___________ .‎ A. a newspaper B. a story book C. a science book D. a guide book ‎2.If you like children and have two-day free, you can call at ___ for a job.‎ A.8556779 B‎.8558366 ‎ C.8766588 D.8633800‎ ‎3.If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week?‎ A.$120. B.$140. C.$160. D.$180.‎ ‎4. ____________are needed in AL Hotel.‎ A. Cleaners B. Babysitters C. Reporters D. Waiters ‎5.If you're a college student of English who enjoys writing, during your summer holidays you will be more interested in the job in .‎ A. ad(1) B. ad(2) C. ad(3) D. ad(4)‎ ‎(二) Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time but he was also really a great person.‎ When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and a pencil. He also asked for a big waste-paper basket to hold all of his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes. Einstein was very modest. Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her maths homework because he also thought maths was quite difficult.‎ Einstein thought time was very important. He never wore socks and he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought it was a waste of time remembering things that ‎ could quickly be found in a book. That's why he never remembered his own phone number. He knew what was worth remembering.‎ Einstein liked to joke too. In one exam a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year's. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different!‎ You can see that Einstein was really a great man!‎ ‎1.Why did Einstein ask for a waste-paper basket?‎ A. Because he liked to waste a lot of paper. ‎ B. Because he liked the big basket very much.‎ C. Because he knew he would make some mistakes.‎ D. Because he had a lot of rubbish to put in the basket.‎ ‎2.What did Einstein think of maths?‎ A. Children shouldn't learn maths. B. Maths was easy enough to learn well.‎ C. It was very difficult to learn maths well. D. Maths was so difficult that nobody could learn it well.‎ ‎3.Why didn't Einstein wear socks?‎ A. Because he didn't like wearing socks. B. Because he had no money to buy any socks.‎ C. Because it took him a long time to put on socks D. Because he thought it was a waste of time to put on socks.‎ ‎4.According to the passage Einstein knew .‎ A. everything in books B. what was worth remembering C. his own telephone number D. his friends' telephone numbers ‎5.Which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Einstein was not only clever but also modest.‎ B. Einstein was energetic, humorous but very selfish.‎ C. Einstein didn't know how to answer the student's question.‎ D. Einstein was the cleverest person in the world, so he never made mistakes.‎ ‎ (三)‎ One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples.‎ ‎1. "What's the matter？" "I went to a party last night, so I…"‎ ‎2. "I feel so tired these days."" I think you'd better…"‎ ‎3."Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the most…"‎ You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So "guessing "is very important in understanding English, especially (尤其)spoken English.‎ ‎1.This passage tells us mainly about _________.‎ A. the importance of "guessing " in learning a foreign language B. how to guess what one is going to talk about ‎ C. some examples of right guessing D. how important it is to guess all the time ‎2. From the context, we can see maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE I is _________.‎ A. "… so I didn't have a good time." B. "…so I went to bed very late."‎ C. "…. So I felt unhappy." D. "… so I got up very early."‎ ‎3. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 2 is ________.‎ A. "I think you'd better have a good rest and take good care of yourself."‎ B. "I think you'd better have something to drink."‎ C. "I think you'd better get some help from your friends."‎ D. "I think you'd better be more careful."‎ ‎4. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 3 is ______.‎ A. "… she is one of the most famous film stars."‎ B. "…she is one of the most beautiful women."‎ C. "… she is one of the most famous speakers."‎ D. " .. she is one of the most talkative women."‎ ‎5. From the passage we can infer (推断) that guessing is _______in learning a foreign language.‎ A. the only way B. more important in spoken English than in written English ‎ C. more important than any other way D. more important in written English than in spoken English