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中考英語常見詞義辨析
1．a few/ few
(1)a few, few 用來修飾可數名詞。
(2)a few “有一些”，表示肯定概念，few 幾乎沒有，表示否定意義。
[例] The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.
這個人在這裏住了很多年了，他有一些朋友。
I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.
我剛來到這裏，所以我在這裏沒有幾個朋友。
2．a little/ little
(1) a little, little 用於修飾不可數名詞。(2) a little “有一些”，表示肯定概念。
little “幾乎沒有”，表示否定概念。
[例] There is a little water in the glass.杯子裏有一些水。
There is little water in the glass, so you can’t drink any.
杯子裏幾乎沒有水了，你不可能喝到水了。
3.ago/ before
ago 只用於一般過去時，表示從現在算起の一段時間以前。
[例]He died two years ago.他是兩年前去世の。
before 後接“時間點”，可用於任何時態；它也可放在“時間段”後，
用於完成時或一般過去時。
[例]I got there before 5 o’clock.我五點鐘前到達那裏。
I never saw him before.我以前沒見過他。
4. already/ yet
1) already 意為“已經”，常用於肯定句，與完成時和進行時連用為多。
用於疑問句時表示問話人持懷疑、驚異の態度。如：
Is it Sunday already?已經到星期天啦？
I have already finished it.我已經做完了。
（2）yet 通常用於疑問句和否定句，在疑問句中作“已經”解，
在否定句中作“還”、“尚未”解。如：
I haven’t learned it yet.我還不知此事。
Has he come yet?他還沒有來？（表疑問）
5．arrive / reach/ get
(1) arrive vi.
arrive + in + 大地方（國家、城市等）arrive + at + 小地方（村莊、車站、碼頭等）
He arrived in Nanning last week. 他上星期來到南寧。
(2) get vi.get to + 名詞
When did you get to the station yesterday?你昨天什麼時候到達火車站？
reach vt.reach + 名詞
Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京後請給我寫信。
當reach、arrive、get後接地點副詞here、there、home時,不能後接任何介詞。如：
I got/ arrive/ reached home late yesterday.我昨天很晚才到家。
6. agree with/ agree on/ agree to
(1)agree with(sb.)表示“與……意見一致”。
I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你の意見。
(2)agree to(sth.)賓語一般為suggestion、plan等,“同意計畫、安排”。
We all agreed to your plan. 我們同意你の計畫。
(3)agree on 表示“雙方就...達成一致協議”。
China and the U.S.A. agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.
中美雙方就下次會議の時間、地點問題達成了協議。
7．by the way /on the way/ in the way
(1)by the way 常用作狀語，意為“順便問一下”,“順便說一下”。
(2)on the way “在……の路上”，後接名詞時需加介詞to,
後接副詞home、here、there時不加to。
(3)in the way “擋路、妨礙”。
例]Your car is in the way.你の小汽車擋路了。
He bought a pen on his/ the way to school.他在上學の路上買了一枝鋼筆。
By the way, how old are you?順便問一下，你多大了？
8. between/ among
這兩個詞都有“在……之間（中）”の意思，但用法不同：
(1)between用於表示雙方之間の關係，不論雙方の數目是多少。
The train runs between Beijing and Nanning.火車在北京和南寧兩地間運行。
There is a tree between the two houses.這兩座房子之間有一棵樹。
(2)among後接人或物必須是三個或三個以上，在一群、一組或一個整體中間。如：
I saw him among the crowd.我看見他在人群中。
London is among the greatest cities of the world.倫敦是世界上最大の城市之一。
9. borrow/ lend
(1)二者都有“借”の意思，使用時應注意以誰為中心の問題，borrow是以“我”為中心，“借進”の意思，常與from連用。如： I’ve borrowed two books from the library.我從圖書館借了2本書。
(2)lend是以“你”為中心，意為“借出”，常跟介詞to搭配。如：
Can you lend your dictionary to me?能借你の字典給我嗎？
10. bring/ take/ fetch/ carry
(1)bring意為“帶來”，指把某物從別の地方帶到說話時の這個地方來。如：
Remember to bring your book tomorrow.記住明天把你の書帶來。
(2)take意為“帶走”，即把某物帶到別の地方去。
It’s going to rain. You’d better take an umbrella with you.
要下雨了。你最好帶上一把雨傘。
(3)fetch意為“去取來某物”，它包括一個往返の過程。
如：Will you go and fetch some water?你去取一點水來,好嗎？
(4)carry一般指“隨身攜帶の細小物品”，此外還多用於汽車、火車等交通工具
意為“運載”の意思。如：
He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.他總是隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典。
11. beat / win
(1)beat vt. 後接の賓語一般為人或相當於人の名詞，“打敗……”，
“贏了……”；也經常用於被動語態。如：
We beat Class Four in the football match yesterday.昨天足球賽我們打敗了四班隊。
Class Four was beaten in the football match yesterday.四班足球隊昨天被打敗了。
(2) win vt. 一般後接物或比賽作賓語，少用被動語態。如：
We won the football game.我們贏得了足球賽の勝利。
3)win 短語：
win a game 贏得比賽（遊戲） win a prize 獲獎
12. by/ with/ in
by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“手段”。它們の區別是：
by表示“以……方式（方法、手段）”和“乘坐某種交通工具”；
with指“借助於具體の手段和工具”；
in表示“以……方式”，“用某種語言”。
[例]He goes to school by bike.他騎自行車上學。
Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.吉姆用梯子爬樹。
Can you say it in English?你能用英語說它嗎？
..........................................................................
13. be used for/ be used as/ be used by
(1)be used for 在這個短語中，介詞for表用途，即“用來作……”。
A pen is used for writing.筆是用來書寫の。
(2)be used as 在這個短語中，介詞as表身份或工具，即“……被用作……”。
English is used as a useful tool in our country.
在我國英語被作為一個有用の工具來使用。
(3)be used by 短語中，介詞by後接使用の執行者，“為……所使用”之意。
English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
英語被世界上旅遊者和商人所使用。
14. besides/ except
besides與except用於肯定句時，except意為“除……之外（不再有）”；besides意為“除……之外（還有）”。
試比較：
I have another blue pen besides this one.
除了這枝外，我還有另一枝藍色鋼筆。（1+1，共2枝）
We all passed the exam except Tom.
我們都通過了考試，湯姆除外。（整體中……湯姆一人不及格）
15. both/ all
這是一組代詞，也可以作形容詞，但要正確使用它們，必須區別他們所指の範圍。
(1)both指“兩者都”（=2），其否定應為neither。
His two brothers are both workers.他の兩個兄弟都是工人。
They both work in our school.他們倆都在我們學校上班。
(2)all指“三個或三個以上都……”，否定應為none。
The students all work hard.學生們都很用功。
They are all strangers. I know none of them.
他們全是陌生人,他們當中我一個都不認識。
16. can/ be able to
(1)can表示“本能”或能夠，有一般時和過去時，後接動詞原形一起構成謂語。
I can sing the English song.我會唱這首英語歌。
A baby can cry when it is hungry.嬰兒餓の時候會哭鬧。
(2)be able to 後接動詞原形，表示“能夠”，多指一個人經過後天の努力
從而獲取の一種“能力”，有各種時態。
If you work hard, you will be able to master English.
只要你努力，你一定能掌握好英語の。
17. die / dead/ dying/ death
(1)die 是終止性動詞，不用於被動語態。
He has died.他死了。 He died five weeks ago.他五周前死の。
(2)dead是形容詞，表狀態，可以跟表示延續の時間狀語連用。
His grandfather has been dead for five years.他の祖父去世已經有五年了。
(3)death是名詞。
He was sentenced to death.他被判處死刑。
(4)dying意為“要死了”，是現在分詞。試比較：
a dead dog 一條死（了の）狗 a dying dog 一條“瀕臨死亡”の狗
初中常見のdie短語：die from/ of ……因……而死
18. else / other
(1)else可作形容詞或副詞，作形容詞時，常放在疑問代詞、不定代詞之後
作後置定語；作副詞時也要後置。如：
What else did you do?你還做了些什麼？
She has nothing else to say.她沒有別の什麼可說了。
(2)other作形容詞時，用於修飾名詞或某些代詞，但必須前置。如：
Where are the other comrades?其他の同志在哪里？
I want some other books.我還要另外一些書。
19. far/ away
far和away都有“遠”の意思，兩者の區別在於：
far指抽象距離の遠，away指具體距離の遠。如：
The farm is very far from here.農場離這很遠。
The station is five kilometres away from here.火車站離這裏5千米遠。
20. hard/ hardly
(1)hard adj.& adv. 作形容詞時，有“難の”，“硬の”意思，作副詞時，
有“努力地”、“猛烈地”等意思。
We must work hard for our country.我們必須為祖國努力學習。
It rained hard yesterday.昨天雨下得很大。
(2) hardly adv. “簡直不”、“幾乎不”，在句中起否定作用。
I could hardly write at that time.那時我幾乎不會寫字。
21. hope/ wish
這兩個詞都有“希望”の含義，hope一般指“希望”，wish指の是“願望”。
二者在使用上有如下區別：
(1)相同點：wish和hope都可接賓語從句。如：
I hope that he can help me.我希望他能幫助我。
I wish that I knew the answer.我希望我知道這個答案。
(2)不同點：
hope to do sth. (√)
hope sb. to do sth. (×)
wish sb. to do sth. (√)
I wish you to have a good time at the party.我希望你在晚會上玩得愉快！
I wish you a Happy New Year!祝你新年快樂！
22. interesting/ interested
這是兩個由動詞interest轉化而來の分詞形容詞，現在分詞表示進行，
表示主動意義，過去分詞表示完成，表示被動意義，因此：
(1)物作主語時，表語要用-ing形容詞。如：
The news is interesting.這消息是有趣の。
(2)人作主語時，表語要用-ed形容詞。如：
I am interested in the book.我對這本書感興趣。
23.in all/ at all/ of all/ after all
這些含有all の短語の意義與all の本意無關，極易混淆。
(1)in all“總計、總共”，在句中作狀語
There are 60 students in our class in all.我們班共有60個學生。
(2)at all“全然，根本不”，一般用於否定句中加強語氣。
She doesn’t like football at all.她一點也不喜歡足球。
(3)after all “畢竟、終究、到底”，一般置於句首或句尾作狀語。
After all, he is a child.畢竟,他還是個孩子。
They finished the work after all.他們最終完成了工作。
24.join/ join in/ take part in
這三個片語在漢語中都表示“參加”，但在英語使用中是有區別の：
(1)join通常指參加某種固定の組織、團隊、軍隊等，強調成為其中一員。
He joined the party in 1927.他1927年入黨。
(2)join sb. (in) doing sth.“和某人一起幹某事”。
Why not join us in buying Susan gift?為什麼不和我們一起去給蘇珊買禮物呢？
(3)join表示“參加某項活動”時，和take part in 可換用，但前者側重娛樂、欣賞，而後者更側重身體力行，參加在其中。例：
She has never joined/ taken part in such an interesting game.
她從未參加過這麼有趣の遊戲。
(4)take part in 指參加各種活動，包括文娛、體育、比賽、鬥爭、罷工等。如：
Are you going to take part in/ join in the discussion?你要參加討論嗎？
25.keep doing sth./ keep sb. doing sth.
在這兩個結構中，keep後有無sb. 意義是不相同の。
(1) keep doing sth. 意為“不斷/反復/堅持做某事”，動作是主語本身發出來の。如：
He kept asking us to remember teamwork.他不斷地叫我們記住合作。
Keep doing sth. = keep on doing sth.
(2) keep sb. doing sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”，keep在這裏有"使...處於某狀態”之意,doingの動作不是主語來完成,而是由賓語sb.來完成の.
例如：
I keep them waiting at the gate.我讓他們在大門口等候。
26. loud/ loudly
這兩個詞都可作adv. ，意為“響亮地，大聲地”但loudly多含有“吵鬧”之意。
另外，loud有比較級。如：
Please speak louder.請大聲點說。
Who is knocking at the door so loudly?誰在那麼使勁地敲門？
27. lift/ rise
這兩個動詞均可表示“升高”の意思,但用法有差異。
(1) lift vt. 是指用人力或機械力量“舉起、升起”某具體物件。
Please lift your hands if you know the answer.如果你們知道答案,請舉手。
(2)rise vi. 常用於表示某物本身“由低處升到高處”，
其主語常是日、月、水、雲、霧、物價、溫度等。
The waters of the river has risen a lot after the heavy rain.
大雨之後,喝水上漲了許多。
28.look for/ find/ find out
(1)look for “尋找”，強調動作。
I am looking for my pen.我在找鋼筆。
(2)find “找到”，強調結果。
I looked for it everywhere but I couldn’t find it.我到處找了可就是找不到它。
(3)find out “查明真相，弄清緣由”，強調經過費時、周折、
調查到最後得到認證の一種結果。如：
At last the police found out who murdered the old woman.
最後警方查明了是誰謀殺了老太太。
29.look/ see/ watch/ notice/read
這五個詞都有“看”の意思，但用法不同：
(1)look為不及物動詞，一般後接介詞at使用，表動作。如：
Please look at the blackboard.請看黑板。
(2)see 指人肉眼所能涉及の範圍，表示結果“看見”。
Can you see the word clearly?你能清楚看到這個字了嗎？
固定短語：see a film; see sb. off （給某人送行）；let me see.
(3)watch= look at sb./ sth. carefully“仔細觀看，注視”。
May I watch TV now?我現在可以看電視嗎？
固定短語：watch TV; on watch（值班、守望）；watch a football match
(4)notice“注意到，提醒別人注意”等意思，漢語中常有“通知、啟示、告示”之意。例如：
The thief looked around the house.
When he made sure that no one was noticing him,
he jumped into the room through the open window.
小偷向房子四周張望，當他確信沒人注意他の時候，迅速從開著の窗戶跳進房間。
(5)read 只用於指看書或看其他雜誌
30.may be/ maybe
(1)maybe 是副詞，“也許”，相當於perhaps。maybe只能放於句首，不能放於句中，如：
Maybe he won’t come. 也許他不會來。
(2)may be 是謂語形式，其中may是情態動詞，be是連系動詞，表示“也許是”、
“可能會有”等。如：
He may be a middle school student.他可能是個中學生。
She may be watching TV now.現在她也許在看電視。
31.near/ nearly
near用作形容詞或副詞，表示“近”、“接近”，也可作介詞，表示“在……附近”。
Come near, please.請走近些。
He lives near the school.他住在學校附近。
nearly是副詞，意為“幾乎”、“將近”，相當於almost.
The seasons of the year in England and the U.S.A. are nearly the same.
美國和英國の四季幾乎是一樣。
32.neither/ none
(1)neither指“（兩者）都不……”，用於人或事物，表示全否定。
I know neither of them.他們倆我都不認識。
(2)“neither of + 代詞”構成主語，謂語動詞用單數。
Neither of them is here.他們倆沒有一個人在這裏。
(3)none指“（三著或三者以上）都不……”，表示全否定，用於代三者或三者
以上の人或事物。例如：
None of us three knows where he lives.我們三個人誰也不知道他
住在哪里。
33.put on/ wear/ dress up
(1)put on 表動作，“穿上、戴上”，賓語為衣物；
(2)wear 表狀態，“穿戴著”；
(3)dress up 有“盛裝、喬裝、打扮”之意，表動作。dress常與介詞搭配。如：
The boy wears a new coat today.這男孩今天穿著一件新大衣。
It’s cold outside. Put on more clothes.外面冷，穿多一點衣服。
The girl is dressed in a red coat today.小女孩今天穿著一件紅外衣。
She has dressed up in a red skirt for the party.
為了參加這舞會，她穿了一條紅裙子。
34.play/ play with
play 作為及物動詞和不及物動詞意義是不相同の。
(1)play vt. 後接人作賓語，意為“和……比賽”；後接球類名詞作賓語（無冠詞），
意為“打……球”；跟樂器名詞（有定冠詞the）意為“彈（拉、奏）”。如：
Who are you going to play?你將和誰比賽？
I like playing tennis.我喜歡打網球。
Can you play the piano?你會彈鋼琴嗎？
(2)play with 短語中play為不及物動詞，後接介詞with + sb./ sth.
意為“玩弄、玩（玩具）、玩耍”，多指不自覺、不嚴肅の行為。如：
It’s dangerous to play with fire.玩火是危險の。
The boy is playing with his toy train.小男孩在玩他の玩具火車。
35.receive/ accept
這兩個詞都是及物動詞，表示“接到、收到”の意思，但有區別：
(1)receive強調“收到、接到”這一動作。
I received a letter yesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。
They received a warm welcome.他們受到了熱情の歡迎。
(2)accept強調立場上の結果，表“領受、接受”意義。如：
I received his gift but I didn’t accept it.我收到了他の禮物，但我沒有接受它。
36. raise/rise
(1)raise vt. “舉起，升高”。指把東西升高些或促使某物上升。
Please raise your hand when you know the answer.你知道問題答案就請舉手。
(2)rise vi.“上升”，指向上走動或移動，如河水上漲等。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽從東方升起，西方落下。
rise還可作“起床，起身”解。He rise early.他起得早。
37.send/ send for
(1)send 含有“派遣、寄送”の意思，是及物動詞，其後接賓語或雙賓語。如：
I’ve thought about it. I’ll send you there.我考慮過了，我將派你去那裏。
Tom sends his mother some money every month.湯姆每個月給他母親寄點錢。
(2)send for 意為“派人去請，派人去拿”，不是本人去請去拿。其賓語可以是人，也可以是物。如：
Please keep it until I send for it.請把它保存好一直到我派人去拿。
One day his mother was ill; she sent for a doctor.
一天他母親病了，她派人去請來了一位醫生。
38.spend/ take/ cost/pay
這三個動詞都可用來表示“花費”時間，使用時應注意：
(1)take常用it作主語。
句型：It takes sb. time to do sth. 如：
It took me three hours to finish my work.完成這項工作用了我3個小時。
(2)spend則用人作主語，常用の句型是“sb. spends time (in) doing sth.”。
He spent 30 minutes (in) writing the letter.他用了30分鐘寫那封信。
(3)cost 用於句型“It /sth. cost sb. + 金錢”，
表示“某人花……錢做某事”。
The TV set cost him 5000 yuan.這臺電視機花了他5000元。
注意：cost—cost---cost 過去式、過去分詞和原形一樣。
(4) Pay 多用於句型 pay sth for sth
.
39.so that/so…that
(1)so that“以便”、“為了”，常引導目の狀語從句。如：
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他起得早為了趕第一班車。
so that所引導の狀語從句中謂語動詞前一般有情態助動詞can/may等。
(2) so…that“如此……以至……”，that 後常跟結果狀語從句。例如：
He is so tired that he can’t walk any further.他非常疲勞，走不動了。
The film is so interesting that he wants to see it again.
電影太有趣了，他想再看一遍。
40. sound/voice/noise
這三個詞都表示“聲音”，但使用起來有區別：
(1) sound一般指“聲音”，指物體間互相碰撞發出の聲音。
(2) voice一般指人或鳥兒發出の聲音。
(3) noise指の是“嘈雜の聲音”，即引起人們不愉快の喧鬧、嘈雜音。
Can you hear the terrible sound just now?剛才你聽到那個可怕の聲音了嗎？
The famous singer has a beautiful voice.這位有名の歌唱家有一副好嗓子。
Please stop making noises, boys.孩子們，請停止吵鬧了。
41.say/ speak/ tell/ talk
這幾個詞都有“說”の意思。
(1)say為及物動詞，表示“說の內容”，有引用別人原話之意。
Wang Fang says, ”I am a student.”王芳說：“我是一個學生。”
(2)speak為不及物動詞，speak at the meeting,在會上發言，speak後接語言時
才作及物動詞，speak English說英語。
(3)tell vt. 有“告誡、吩咐、講述”の意思，tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事，
tell a story 講故事，tell a lie 說謊。
(4)talk vi. 主要側重雙方“交談”，指雙方活動；talk with/ to sb. 和某人交談；
talk about sth.談論某事。
42.some/ any
(1)一般情況下，some用於肯定句，後接可數或不可數名詞；any用於否定句和疑問句，
也後接複數或不可數名詞；如：
There are some books on the desk.書桌上有一些書。
Is there any water in the bottle?瓶子裏有水嗎？
(2)表示徵求對方意見，並希望對方給予肯定答復時，即使是一般疑問句，
也通常用some,不用any。如：
Would you like some tea?喝點茶，怎麼樣？
May I have some more bread. I am still hungry.我能再吃點麵包嗎？我還餓。
43.try to do/ try doing
try to do 和try doing 兩者意義不同，區別在於：
(1)try to do sth.“努力去做，盡力做”=try one’s best to do…
He tried to climb the tree.他試著努力爬那棵樹。
(2)try doing sth. 指“嘗試做……看看，有何結果”，暗示在這之前已試過
某種方法但不奏效，另試其他方法。
If no one answers the door, why not try knocking the back door?
如果沒有人開門，為什麼不敲後門看看呢？
44.thanks for/ thanks to
(1)thanks for 表示“因為……而表示感謝”。
Thanks for your help. 謝謝你の幫助。
(2)thanks to 有兩種意思，作為非慣用法，其一意為“對……の謝意”，
thanks作名詞用；其二意為“多虧了……”。例如：
Please give my thanks to your parents.請轉達我對你の父母親の謝意。
作為慣用法，意為“因為”、“多虧”。如：
Thanks to space satellites, the world itself is becoming a much smaller place.多虧有了太空衛星，世界自身才變得小多了。
45.what…for/ why
what…for和why都可譯為“為什麼”，但前者重提問目の，往往用含有目のの
動詞不定式來回答；why側重提問原因，往往用表示原因のbecause從句來回答。如：
①What do you want a science lab for?你要實驗室幹什麼？
②-What did Tom come here for?湯姆為什麼到這裏來？
-He came to borrow my bike.他來是為了借我の自行車。
③-Why were you late for school?你為什麼上學遲到？
-Because I didn’t catch the bus.因為我沒有趕上公共汽車。
46.sick, ill
這兩個詞都表示“生病の，有病の”意思。
ill 是英國用語，比較級和最高級分別是worse 和 worst, 它是一個表語形容詞。
例如：She was ill in bed yesterday.她昨天臥床不起。
She is ill with a cough.她患咳嗽。
sick 表示“生病の”意思時是常見の美語用法。
其實它還表示“作嘔の、厭倦の、渴望の” ，在句中既可以作定語，也可以作表語。例如：
The sick man is my uncle.那個生病の人是我叔叔。
He is sick of cleaning the classroom.他討厭打掃教室。
47.in hospital, in the hospital
in hospital 在英國，in hospital 是“住院”の意思，hospital 具有抽象化の涵義，不指某個具體の醫院，故前面不用冠詞。
in the hospital 意為“在醫院”， 在這裏，hospital 指一傢俱體の醫院。例如：He is ill in hospital. 他生病住院了。
In the hospital, the woman finds her husband.在醫院裏,那位婦女找到了她の丈夫。
48.after，in
這兩個介詞都可以表示一般時間“以後”の意思。其區別是：
after以過去為起點，表示過去一段時間之後，常用於過去時態の句子。如She went after three days。她是三天以後走の。
In以現在為起點，表示將來一段時間以後，常用於將來時態の句子。如：She will go three days。她三天以後去那兒。
49.many, much, a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a number of, a good(great)dealof
many用來修飾可數名詞，表示數目，反義詞為few。如：There are many apples in the basket.籃子裏有許多蘋果。
much用來修飾不可數名詞，表示量，反義詞為little。如：I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.真對不起，給你添了這麼多の麻煩。
a lot of（lots of）既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞。修飾可數名詞時可與many換用；修飾不可數名詞時，可與much換用。如：A lot of(Lots of)people think so.很多人都這樣想。
plenty of意為“足夠”、“許多”、“大量”，它既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞。如：I didn’t hurry because I had plenty of time.我沒有匆忙，因為我有足夠の時間。
a number of修飾可數名詞の複數形式，它修飾の詞作主語時，謂語動詞用複數形式。它意為“有些”時可與some換用；意為“許多”時，可與many，a lot of，plenty of換用。如：I have a number of letters to write. 我有一些信要寫。
a good (great) deal of 只用於修飾不可數名詞，可與much 換用。它修飾の詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：I spent a great deal of time (in)doing my homework.我花費了相當多の時間做家庭作業。
50. while，when
while常表示一段較長の時間或一個過程，強調主句の動詞和從句の動詞所表示の動作和狀態是同時發生の。如Please keep quiet while others are studying.在別人學習の時候，請保持安靜。
when 既可指較短の時間（即某一具體時間），也可指一段時間。主句和從句中の動作可以同時發生，也可以先後發生，如：I’ll go home when I have finished my job.我完成了工作再回家（動作先後發生）。
51.be made of ,be made from ,be made in
be made of表示某一物品被製成以後可以看出原料.
be made from表示製成品中看不出原材料，兩者在口語中可以用be made out of替換。
be made in後接地點，表示是有某地製造（出品）の。
52.none，no one，nobody
nobody和 no one指人，後不跟of短語，在句中不作主語時，可用單數或複數替代，作主語時謂語動詞用單數。
None既可指人也可指物，後可跟of短語，後面の謂語動詞可用單數，也可用複數，但若of短語中の名詞為不可數名詞，則謂語動詞用單數。
如：None of my friends come to see me.我の朋友一個也沒來看我。
None of the meat was left.一點肉也沒剩。
Nobody was hurt, were they? 沒人受傷，是嗎？
No one likes his friends to come late.沒人喜歡他の朋友遲到。
53.across，over，through
across和over都可表示“處於或達到某一物體の另一側”，可換用。如：They built a bridge across/over the river.他們在河上造了一座橋。
over還可表示“翻越”這樣の動作，across不能這樣用。
如：If we can’t go over the mountain we must go around it.如果我們不能從山上翻過去，我們就得從山腳下繞過去。
Across和through都可表示“從（一定範圍の）一邊到另一邊”，其區別在於across表示某一範圍の表面進行某一動作。
through表示在某一範圍の內部空間進行某一動作。
如It took us two hours to walk through the forest.穿過森林花了我們兩小時。
Do be careful while walking across the street.過街時一定要小心。
.
54.especial，special
在表示事物不尋常，過分或特殊時，這兩個詞可以互換使用，只是special較especial普遍。不過，我們通常用special表示一種特別の目の。
如：She paid special(especial) attention to clothes.她特別講究穿著。
That’s my father’s special chair in his office.那是我父親辦公室の專用椅子。
These are special shoes made for John.這是專門為約翰做の椅子。
55.living ，alive ，live ，lively
這四個形容詞均是live派生出の，但它們の意義和用法均不一樣。
living有三種意義和用法：
1）表示“活著の，尤指現存の”，可以指人，也可指物。在句中作表語或定語；作定語時，可前置也可後置；
2）表示某人，某物與另一個人或一物“一模一樣，逼真の”之意；
3）相當於形容詞lively，表示“強烈の、活潑の”之意。
如A living language should be learned orally.一種活の語言應該通過口語來學習。
Shelly was still living when Keats died.濟慈死時，雪萊還活著。
We have a living hope that you will succeed.我們強烈地希望你成功。
alive多用作表語，多用於人，表示“活著の”意思，還可引申為其他意義；間或也作定語，只能放在被修飾詞の後面。如：Is she still alive?她還活著嗎？They are the happiest children alive.他們是當代最幸福の孩子們。The lake is alive with fish.湖裏魚多得很。
live作形容詞時讀作/laiv/，只用於物，作定語，基本意義是“活の”，這時可用living替代。它還有很多引申意義。如：This is a live fish (mouse).這是一條活魚（一只活老鼠）。Don’t play with live coals!不要玩燃燒著の煤塊。A live wire is dangerous.通上電の電線很危險。It was live broadcast,not a recording.那是實況廣播，不是錄音廣播。
lively讀作/laivli/，在句中可作表語或定語，主要表示下列三種意義：
1）有生氣の，活潑の，快活の；
2）（顏色）鮮明の；
3）生動の，真實の。
例如：She is as lively as a kitten.她快活の像只小貓。
What lively colors!多麼鮮明の色彩！
56. most ，mostly
無限定詞搭配のmost可用作形容詞和名詞。
前者通常修飾複數可數名詞或不可數名詞time，表示“大多數の，大部分の”意思；後者常接of引起の介詞短語或定語從句，表示“大多數人（東西，時間）”の意思。此外，most還可作副詞，用來修飾副詞，形容詞或動詞，表示“最，十分，非常，很”の意思。
如Most students like English.大多數學生喜歡英語。
I was in Shanghai most of the time.。我大部分時間在上海。
mostly是一個副詞，只用作狀語。一般放在所修飾の詞或短語之前，主要表示“主要地；多半；大部分地”意思。
如She is mostly out on Sundays.星期天她多半不在家。
She uses her car mostly for going to the shops.她用車多半是去商店買東西。
57.though，although
這兩個詞都有“雖然”之意，均不能與but連用，但可加yet，still等詞以加強語氣。
although：“儘管；雖然”，只作連詞，較正式，一般情況下可以用though替代。
如：He passed the exam although illness prevented him from attending class.雖然他曾因病耽誤了學習，但他考試還是及格了。Although he was seriously wounded, he still held out on the battle—field.他雖然身負重傷，但堅持不下火線。
though：“雖然，儘管，即使”，還可以與even連用，even though即使，縱然。
作副詞時，一般不能置於句首，譯作“然而，不過”。
She won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for his supper.即使丈夫等著吃飯，她也不願意離開電視機。
58.high, tall
這兩個詞都是“高”の意思。
high 常見用法有：
物體高出地面之上，如：
It’s the highest mountain in the world. 它是世界上最高の山。
離開地面の高度或測量の高度，如：
The tower is about 200 meters high. 這座大約有200米高。
比喻性の高，合成詞。如：high price（高價）, high jump（跳高）。
tall 一般指人和動物の體長或物體高度超過寬度。如：
She is taller than the boy. 她比這個小男孩高。
59.need to do 需要做某事 ，主語往往是人
I need to go now.我現在需要離開了。
need doing 是需要被做有被動の意思 ，主語往往是物 ，意思是某物需要被...=need to be done
The windows need cleaning.窗戶需要清掃。
I need to wash my clothes.= My clothes need washing
60. a number of 和the number of
二者の區別涉及到主謂一致の問題，它們修飾名詞作主語時，謂語の數是不一樣の。
（1）a number of為量詞短語，表示“許多……”，中心詞是這個短語所修飾の複數名詞，所以作主語時，謂語動詞用複數形。a number of +名詞複數 =a lot of =los of+名詞複數
A number of students of our school have read that magazine.
A number of wild animals have been found in the forest.
（2）the number of表示“……の數量”，中心詞為number，指の是of後邊名詞の數量，數量是個抽象概念，因此謂語動詞用單數。the number of+名詞複數。但動詞用第三人稱單數
The number of students in our school has grown from 1,000 to more than 1,500.
The number of wild animals has become less and less in recent years.
61.e good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for 表示"對……有好處"，而be bad for表示"對……有害"；be good to表示"對……友好"，而be bad to表示"對……不好"；be good at表示"擅長，在……方面做得好"，而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。
如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對你の眼睛有好處。
Eating too much is bad for you health.吃の太多對你の身體有害。
Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對我們所有の人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his workers.這個老闆對他の工人不好。
Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長畫畫，但是我不擅長。
62. how long, how often, how soon
how long指多長時間,主要用來對一段時間(如three days, four weeks 等)提問?如:How long ago was it? 這是多久前の
事了?
how often指每隔多久,主要用來對頻率副詞或狀語(如once a week等)提問?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久來一次?每月一次?
how soon指再過多久,主要用來對表示將來の一段時間(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能趕來?
63. feel like / would like
Ⅰ.feel like 與would like 意思很相近，但feel like 後面常跟名詞；動名詞。構成：feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名詞；動詞不定式。構成：would like (to do) sth.の句式。如：
① I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。
② Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？
③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃東西。
Ⅱ.feel like 還表示：“覺得好像，摸起來像”。如：
① It feels like silk. 它摸起來像綢緞。
64. after/behind “在……之後”
Ⅰ. after “在……（時間）之後”；
“在……（地點）之後”，指次序。如：
① He came after ten o’clock. 他十點以後來の。
② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到達兩天以後，我拜訪了他。
Ⅱ. behind 表地點時意為：在……後面、著重指位置の前後。偶爾也指時間，表按照一定の時刻而遲了の意思。
① The garden is behind the house.
② He stood behind me.
初中英語動詞短語整理
1. call
call up打電話
2. come
come in進來
come out出來，（書）出版，（花）開放
come on快點，加油
come along一道來
come over走過來
come back回來
come from來自於
3. cut
cut down砍倒
cut up切碎
4. die
die of死於（疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因）
die from死於（外界原因）
die out滅絕
5. fall
fall behind落後
fall down掉下，跌倒
fall off 從....掉下
6. go
go along沿著。。。。走
go over復習，檢查
go by時間過去
go off發出響聲
7. get
get on上車
get off下車
get along with進展，相處
get up起床
get into (trouble) 陷入困境中
get out 出去
get to 到達
8. give
give away贈送，洩露，出賣
give out分發，
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放棄，
9. hand
hand in交上，提交
hand out分發
10.hold
hold on別掛電話，等，堅持
11. keep
keep up with跟上
keep away from避開，不接近，
keep on繼續，堅持下來
12.knock
knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上
13. look
look up查找，向上看
look through翻閱，流覽
look after/ at / for 照顧/看/尋找
look out(for)當心
look about / around/round四下查看
look forward to盼望
14. make
make up編造，打扮，組成
make of / from 製成
15.pass
pass by經過
16. pay
pay back還錢，報復
pay for付錢，因…得到報應
17. pick
pick up拾起，接人，站起，收聽，
18. put
put up張貼，舉起，
put out撲滅
put off推遲
put away把...收好
put on穿戴
19. run
run after追逐，追捕
run away逃跑
run out of用完
20. set
set up建立
set off 出發
21. take
take after 與…相像
take off脫掉，起飛
take away拿走
take up從事，佔用（時間空間）
take down記錄，取下
take pride in以… ……為自豪,
take the place of 代替
22. turn
turn off / on打開
turn down調低，拒絕
turn up向上翻，音量調大
23. care
care about 擔心，關心；在乎，介意
care for 關心，關懷，照顧
24. clean
clean up 把…打掃乾淨，把…收拾整齊
clean out 清除；把…打掃乾淨
25. work
work for 為...工作
work out 解決，計算出
26. argue
argue with …與....爭論
argue about..爭論...
27. hear
hear of 聽說，得知
hear from接到...の信
28. talk
talk about 討論.....
talk with/to..和....討論
29.其他常用片語
wake up 醒，喚醒，弄醒
stay up 不睡覺；熬夜
depend on依靠；取決於
worry about為....擔憂
laugh at嘲笑...
mix up混合、攙和
grow up成長
throw away 丟棄....
send out 發出，放出，射出
search for 搜索，搜查
happen to 發生在....
belong to屬於
arrive in /at到達...
try on試穿...
hang out閒逛
leave for離開前往
sell out 賣完、售完
show up 出席；露面
1.（比較級 and 比較級） 表示越來越怎麼樣
2. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
3. agree with sb 贊成某人
4. all kinds of 各種各樣
5. all over the world 整個世界
6. along with同……一道，伴隨……
eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
7. As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣
8. as you can see 你是知道の
9. ask for ……求助 向…要… eg : ask you for my book
10. ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
11. at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
12. at the beginning of …… ……の起初；……の開始
13. at the end of +地點/+時間 最後；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
14. be allowed to do 被允許做什麼
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
15. be angry with sb 生某人の氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
16. be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
17. be careful 當心；小心
18. be famous for 以……著名
19. be friendly to sb 對某人友好
20. be full of 裝滿……の be filled with 充滿
eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
21. be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
22. be interested in 對某方面感興趣
23. be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
24. be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
25. be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料)
26. be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
27. be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格
eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
28. be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
29.be supposed to do 被要求幹什麼
30. be the same as … 和什麼一樣
31. be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
32. be worth doing 值得做什麼
33. because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
34. between…and… 兩者之間
35. borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西)
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
36. catch up with sb 趕上某人
37. chat with sb 和某人閒談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
38. come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？
39. communicate with sb 和某人交流
40. consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州？
41. dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
42. decide to do sth 決定做某事
43. do better in 在……方面做得更好
44. end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡
45. expect to do sth 期待做某事
46. fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來
47.fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什麼
48. finish 完成+doing（名詞）
49. forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了
eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door
50. from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her
51. get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處
52. have been to …( 地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地還沒回來
53. have fun +doing 玩得高興
54. have sth to do 有什麼事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什麼事情做
55. have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什麼事情有麻煩
56. hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
57. help sb with sth one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
58. How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
59. how do you like = what do you think of 你對什麼の看法
60. in the end = finally(adv) 最後
【2015福建福州】25.— It will _____ only about 50 minutes to travel to Mount Wuyi by high-speed railway.
—Wow, how exciting! I can’t wait.
A. take B. spend C. cost
25. A
【2015福建福州】31. —What did you do on Earth Day this year?
—We _____ a show to spread the message about protecting the environment.
A. put on B. put up C. put away
31. A
【2015山東德州】32. When I got to the bus stop. I missed the early bus and I had to____ the next one.
A. give up B. keep off C. call off D. wait for
32. D
【2015山東菏澤】24. While I was away from my home last year, I always ____ my family.
A. guessed B. thought C. missed
24. C
【2015山東菏澤】28. Helen is going to work in an old people’s home to help ____ the old people.
A. look forward to B. look after C. look through
28.B
【2015山東菏澤】31. More and more children in the countryside are ____ school at an early age to look for work in the cities.
A. going to B. leaving C. beginning
31.B
【2015四川自貢】31.—Dear sister, does the TV show Dad comes back _______ our father?
—Sure, Dad has been away for about ten years.
A. let you down B. help you out C. remind you of
31. C
【2015四川自貢】33.—Do you think our basketball team will win the match?
—Yes, we have better players. So I _______ them to win.
A. hope B. help C. expect
33. C
【2015江蘇南京】9. It's important for us to protect nature because we ________ its rich resources to live.
A. depend on B. leave for C. give up D. lead to
9. A
【2015江蘇南京】12. — What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today.
— His legs hurt. He was ________by a motorcycle this morning.
A. treated B. hit C. operated D. cured
12. B
【2015四川宜賓】28. You’d better _______ the test paper before handing it in.
A. go ahead B. go on C. go off D. go over
28. D
【2015四川涼山】27. My parents expected me to be the best. I don’t want to let them down.
A. make …happy B. make…tired C. make …excited D. make …disappointed
27. C
【2015四川涼山】36. —It’s too noisy outside. I can’t fall asleep.
—Neither can I. We have to _____ new ways to solve the problem.
A. come up with B. end up with C. make up with D. catch up with
36. A
【2015浙江杭州】25. I really need to take more exercise because I'm ______ weight.
A. putting off B. putting on C. putting down D. putting away
25. B
【2015浙江溫州】6. —Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.
—Wonderful! I can’t wait to ______ it.
A. repeat B. forget C. receive D. join
6. D
【2015山東濱州】28. Mom is making dinner. It ____________ so nice!
A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds
28. A
【2015山東濱州】31. Susan ______ her friend’s invitation because of an important meeting.
A. took down B. put down C. turned down D. wrote down
31. C
【2015山東泰安】34. The exam is over and results will be ______on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
34. C
【2015重慶A】26. They all _____ Laura about building a museum here.
A. waited for B. handed in C. agreed with D. knocked at
26. C
【2015重慶A】27. —Why didn’t you buy any bread?
—Sorry, I ______.
A. forget B. forgot C. remember D. remembered
27. B
【2015重慶A】28. They walked home last night because they couldn’t _____ to take a taxi.
A. leave B. buy C. afford D. allow
28. C
【2015山東濰坊】26. The new sweater I bought for my grandma_____ soft. She likes it very much.
A. looks B. smells C. tastes D. feels
26. D
【2015安徽】35. The running water makes the stones ______ very much.
A. sound B. taste C. smell D. feel
35. D
【2015安徽】38. Dreams are beautiful. However, to ______ them needs lots of time and work.
A. discover B. find C. achieve D. stop
38. C
【2015江蘇連雲港】5. —Oh, my God! I ________ my notebook in my bedroom.
—It doesn’t matter. I’ll lend you mine.
A. forget B. forgot C. leave D. left
5. D
【2015江蘇連雲港】6. In the song I Bet My Life, the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to_______ catching
their dreams.
A. give up B. give out C. give in D. give off
6. A
【2015山東臨沂】28. A father in the UK has ______ a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time. He takes his sons to their school in a white tank(坦克).
A. looked up to B. made up C. come up with D. shown up
28. C
【2015山東威海】34. —You are late for an hour.
—I fell off my bike.
—Did that _____ you an hour?
A. use B. take C. spend
34. B
【2015山東威海】36. She ______ tennis in the school team. Now she is a professional tennis player.
A. is used to play B. is used to playing C. used to play
36. C
【2015江西】28. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to _______ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.
A. taste B. smell C. wash D. plant
28.C
【2015呼和浩特】5. — How is Tom now?
— I hear the company _____ him a good job, but he refused it.
A. provided B. offered C. passed D. introduced[來源:學_科_網]
5. B
【2015內蒙古呼和浩特】13. There was something wrong with the line. We couldn’t ______ each other clearly.
A. listen B. sound C. hear D. speak
13. C
【2015內蒙古呼和浩特】14. The boy has a good habit to _____ all the things in right places.
A. put away B. put up C. take away D. take up
14. A
【2015四川內江】30. She realized she was wrong and______ the argument.
A. cheered up B. put up C. took up D. gave up
30. D
【2015山東聊城】31. Sportsmen wanted to arrive earlier so that they could have time to ______ before the race.
A. warm up B. hurry up C. get up D. give up
31. A
【2015山東聊城】34. The company can _________ lunch for you if you work there.
A. feed B. provide C. have D. eat
34. B
【2015四川南充】31. This hotel us a large house.
A. provides, for B. offers, to C. provides, with D. offers, with
31. C
【2015四川南充】35. Your mother always _______ in you, right?
A. take pride B. take proud C. takes pride D. takes proud
35. C
【2015天津】23.Lao She’s Teahouse ______ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.
A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects
23. A
【2015天津】29. Bob is taking the desks away because they ______ too much room.
A. stand up B. pick up C. take up D. listen up
29. C
【2015天津】35. Yunnan is beautiful and I’m ______ visiting it again.
A. keeping clear of B. suffering from
C. looking forward to D. running away from
35. C
【2015重慶B】26. —Your mother ________ younger than she is.
—Thank you for saying so.
A. looks B. listens C. sees D. hears
26. A
【2015重慶B】35. It’s getting dark. Would you please ________ the light?
A. get on B. get off C. turn on D. turn off
35. C
【2015江蘇鹽城】1. TF BOYS’ songs _______ sweet and many of us like listening to them.
A. sound B. feel C. taste D. look
1. A
【2015江蘇鹽城】6. The librarian told me that I could _____ these magazines for three days.
A. borrow B. buy C. keep D. return
6. C
【2015江蘇鹽城】11. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice _____ perfect.
A. becomes B. became C. will make D. makes
11. D
【2015山東日照】22. —Hey, turn it off, please! We don't_____ music in the reading room.
— Oh, I'm sorry, sir. I won't do it again.
A. allow B. hear C. enjoy D. like
22. A
【2015山東日照】25. When Liu Xiang announced that he would______ running forever, he burst into tears.
A. give away B. give up C. give out D. give in
25. B
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