考点06介词中考英语语法考点纵览 13页

中考英语语法考点纵览 6——介词 一、介词概述 ‎1、介词的定义：介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语在句中与其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。‎ ‎2、介词的分类： 时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词等。‎ ‎3. 介词短语的句法作用 介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。‎ ‎（1）作定语 介词短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。 The book on the desk is very interesting. ‎ 书桌上的那本书很有趣。 China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。‎ ‎（2）作状语 介词短语作状语时，一般放在动词后面或句末、句首。用来表示时间、地点、目的、方式和原因等。 The basketball match will start at nine. ‎ 篮球比赛将在9点开始。（表示时间） He likes to swim in the river. ‎ 他喜欢去河里游泳。（表示地点） I went there to get my book back. ‎ 我去那里取回我的书。（表示目的） I came here by bike. ‎ 我骑自行车来到这里。（表示方式） She was trembling with fear. ‎ 她吓得直发抖。（表示原因）‎ ‎（3）作表语 介词短语作表语时，一般放在be动词和连系动词之后。 I’m on duty today. ‎ 今天我值日。 My English teacher is from Australia. ‎ 我的英语老师来自澳大利亚。 （4）作宾语补足语 介词短语作宾语补足语时，一般放在宾语之后。 I found everything in good condition. ‎ 我发现一切状况良好。 When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital.‎ 当他醒来时，他发现自己在医院里。‎ 二、介词考点纵览 ‎ 考点一：‎ 表示时间的介词 考点1：in 的 用 法 。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎① 与morning, afternoon, evening连用表示在上午、下午、晚上。 ‎ They always play basketball in the afternoon. 他们经常在下午打篮球。      ‎ Don’t eat too much in the evening. 晚上不要吃太多。   ‎ ‎② 表示在某世纪、年代、年、月、季节的含义时。        ‎ She came to this factory in 1970. 她是在1970年来到这个工厂工作的。      ‎ It often snows heavily here in winter. 这儿冬天经常下大雪。   ‎ ‎③ 表示从现在起一段时间以后。（这个用法常用将来时）  ‎ Tom will be back from America in a week. 汤姆一周之后将从美国回来。     ‎ I will go to visit you in a month. 一个月后我将会去拜访你。 ‎ 典型例题 1‎ The train is starting ___five minutes. A. in  B. at  C. for  D. of 答案：A 典型例题 2‎ Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996. A. on  B. of  C. to D. in 答案：D 典型例题 3‎ I like making snowmen ___ winter. A. in  B. at  C. for  D. on 答案：A 考点2： at的用法。‎ ‎① 表示某一具体时刻（几点几分时）。  ‎ She gets up at seven o'clock in the morning. ‎ 她早晨七点钟起床。     ‎ Bella got home at eight yesterday evening. ‎ Bella昨晚八点钟到家。   ‎ ‎② 用在特定的时候（时节、时机）。 ‎ We were happy at that time. ‎ 我们那个时候很幸福。 ‎ ‎ I think the school has been closed at this time. ‎ 我想学校这个时间已经关门了。  ‎ ‎③ 与noon、night、weekends连用。‎ You can see many stars in the sky at night. ‎ 在夜里你会看到天空有许多星星。      ‎ What do you always do at noon? ‎ 你中午经常做些什么？   ‎ ‎④ 表示“在……岁”时。 ‎ At the age of two, the girl could run. ‎ 在2岁的时候，这个小女孩就会跑了。‎ 典型例题 1‎ The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten. A in  B. at  C. on  D. of 答案：B 典型例题 2‎ He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty. A. for; to  B. to; at C. to; for   D, for; at 答案：B 典型例题 3‎ I often have lunch ____ noon. ‎ A. for  B. to C. in   D. at 答案：D 考点3：on的用法。‎ ‎① 表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。‎ Jack was born on May 10th,1982.‎ 杰克生于1982年5月10日。 ‎ They left on a rainy morning.‎ 他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。 ‎ ‎② 表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。 ‎ We don’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. 我们星期六和星期天不上学。 ‎ What time do you get up on weekdays? 你在平日什么时候起床？ ‎ I heard this story on Saturday morning. 我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。 ‎ ‎③ 表示“在某一节日”时，须用介词on。 ‎ We usually eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival. 我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。 ‎ Mr. Hu received a card on Teachers’Day. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 ‎ 典型例题 1‎ He went back to America a summer afternoon. A in  B. at  C. on  D. of 答案：C 典型例题 2‎ He often goes to the library ____ Saturday morning. A. on B. at C. to   D, for ‎ 答案：A 典型例题 3‎ I met him ____ the afternoon of September 12th A. for  B. to C. on   D. at 答案：C 考点4：before、after和from的用法。‎ ‎① before表示“在……之前”。‎ Wash your hands before dinner. 在晚餐之前你要洗手。‎ I have to finish my homework before 10 o’ clock. 我不得不在十点之前完成家作。‎ ‎② after表示“在……之后”。‎ They often play football after class. 他们经常在下课后踢足球 My father often watches TV after dinner. 我爸爸经常晚饭后看电视。‎ ‎③ from表示时间时，常和to连用，构成from…to…的结构，表示“从…到…”。‎ He kept on working from seven to twelve last night. 他昨晚从7点一直工作到12点。‎ I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我周一到周五要去学校。‎ 典型例题 1‎ 经理七点后回来。‎ 翻译：The manager will come back after seven o’clock.‎ 典型例题 2 ‎ 三天后，我去参加了一个聚会。‎ 翻译：After three days I went to a party.‎ 典型例题 3‎ 她从早唱到晚。‎ 翻译：She is singing from morning to night.‎ 考点二：‎ 表示地点、方位的介词 考点1：in的用法。‎ ‎① 表示在较大的地方。‎ in the factory 在工厂 in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国 ‎② 表示“在……里面”。‎ There are many apples in the box. 盒子里有许多苹果。‎ He put his hands in his pockets. 他把他的手放进口袋。‎ 典型例题 1‎ They arrived at the famous town ___ South Jiangsu. ‎ A. in B. on C. at D. of ‎ 答案：A 典型例题 2‎ She is living ___ Nanjing.  ‎ A. on B. in C. at D. of ‎ 答案：B 典型例题 3‎ Can you see the book ___ the box?‎ A. at B. in C. on D. of 答案：B 考点2：at的用法。‎ ‎① 表示在较狭窄较小的地方。‎ Shall we meet at the station？我们在车站见面好吗？‎ ‎② 用于门牌号码前。‎ He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 他住在中山路115号 典型例题 1‎ They arrived at the famous town ___ South Jiangsu. ‎ A. in B. on C. at D. of ‎ 答案：A 典型例题 2‎ Do you notice the bread ___ the table?   ‎ A. to B. in C. at D. of ‎ 答案：C 典型例题 3‎ My brother stayed ___home last night.‎ A. at B. in C. on D. Of 答案：A 考点3：on，over和above的用法。‎ ‎① on表示“在……之上”（两物体接触）。‎ There are some apples on the tree. 树上有一些苹果。‎ There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。‎ ‎② over表示“在……正上方”（两物体的表面没有接触）。‎ The sky is over our heads. 天在我们的头顶上。‎ ‎③ above表示“在……之上”（不一定垂直，两物体的表面没有接触）。‎ The plane is flying above clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。‎ 典型例题 1‎ She put her coat ___ the bed. ‎ A. in B. over C. above D. on ‎ 答案：D 典型例题 2‎ There is a bridge ___ the sea   ‎ A. in B. over C. above D. on ‎ 答案：B 典型例题 3‎ The bird is flying ___ the water.‎ A. in B. over C. above D. on ‎ 答案：C 考点4：under和below的用法。‎ ‎① under表示“在……正下方”（其反义词是over）。‎ There is a ball under the desk. 在桌子下有一个球。‎ ‎② below表示“在……下方”（不一定是正下方）。‎ From the top of the hill, we could see the blue ocean below. 我们从山顶上能看到下边蓝色的大海。‎ 典型例句 Write your name below the line．在线下写上你的名字。‎ The cat was under the table．猫在桌子下面。‎ She put the letter under the pillow．她把信放在枕头下。‎ 考点5：behind、in front of、in the front of的用法。‎ ‎① behind表示“在……后面”。‎ There is a new car behind the house. ‎ 在房子后面有一辆新车。‎ ‎② in front of表示“在……（一个整体的）前面”。‎ ‎ in the front of 表示“在……（一个整体前半部分的）前面”。‎ 典型例句：‎ The driver is usually in the front of the car. 司机通常坐在汽车前面。 An old man is standing in front of the car. 车前面站着一位老人。‎ There are many books behind the box. 箱子后面有很多书。‎ 考点6：between、among的用法。‎ ‎① between表示“在……（两者）之间”。‎ My bedroom is between my two sisters’. 我的卧室在2个姐姐房间之间 ‎② among表示“在……(三者或三者以上）之间”。‎ There is a black bag among all these bags. 在这些书包之中有个黑书包。‎ 典型例题 1‎ There is a bank _____ two buildings.‎ A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案：B 典型例题 2‎ I am sitting _____ my parents A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案：B ‎ 典型例题 3‎ I see a beautiful flower _____ the trees.‎ A. among B. between C. in D. of ‎ 答案：A 考点1：into、out of的用法。‎ 考点三：‎ 表示动向的介词 into表示从外到里；out of 表示从里到外。‎ I saw them go into the house. 我看见他们都走进了房子里。‎ Lily runs out of the classroom. Lily跑出了教室。‎ 典型例题 1‎ 一只兔子从箱子里跳了出来。‎ 翻译：A rabbit jumps out of the box.‎ 典型例题 2‎ 老师带着一本书走进了教室。‎ 翻译：The teacher walked into the classroom with a book. ‎ 典型例题 3‎ I went _____ the cinema to watch a film A. into B. out of C. in D. on ‎ 答案：A 考点2：up、down的用法。‎ up表示向上；down表示向下。‎ We climbed up the mountain to the top. 我们爬上了山顶。‎ She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她打开门然后走下楼梯。‎ 考点3：across、through的用法。‎ ‎① across表示“从……（表面）穿过”‎ He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地穿过马路。‎ The duck is swimming across the river. 鸭子正游过那条河。‎ ‎② through表示“从……（里面）穿过”‎ She walked through the forest alone. 她独自穿过森林。‎ He wants to go out through the window. 他想从窗户出去。‎ 典型例题 1 ‎ Look left and right before you go _____ the street.‎ A. across B. through C. in D. on 答案：A 典型例题 2‎ The sun goes _____ the window. ‎ A. across B. through C. in D. on 答案：B 典型例题 3‎ The train is going _____ the tunnel.‎ A. across B. through C. in D. on 答案：B 考点四：‎ 表示方式的介词 考点1：表示方式的介词主要由by、 with、in等。‎ ‎① by表示“靠、用、以……手段”。‎ I always go to school by bus. 我总是坐公交车去上学。‎ He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸营生。‎ ‎② with表示“使用（有形工具）、和……一起、具有…、带有…”。‎ He cut the cake with a knife. 他用到切蛋糕。‎ I go to school with my friends. 我跟朋友一起去上学。‎ The man with big eyes is my father. 这个大眼睛的男人是我爸。‎ ‎③ in表示“用……语言，以……方式”。‎ He can speak English. 他会说英语。‎ 典型例题 1‎ He broke the window _____ a stone.‎ A. by B. with C. in D. from 答案：B 典型例题 2‎ What’s this _____ English?  ‎ A. in B. over C. above D. on ‎ 答案：A 典型例题 3‎ My brother gets to school _____ bus every day.‎ A. in B. over C. by D. on ‎ 答案：C 三、 巩固训练 ‎(2014●常州市)1. It was really helpful him to take the cat to the animal center a rainy night. A. of; on B. of; at C. for; on D. for; at ‎(2015●常州市)2.--Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?‎ ‎ --Sorry. It's_____the visiting hours. Let's go there tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. on B. over C. during D. beyond ‎(2012●连云港市)3. ---Jack, is maths difficult to learn in High school?‎ ‎ ---Sure. No subject can be learned well __________hard work.‎ A. without B. through C. by D. with ‎(2013●连云港市)4. --- I' d like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?‎ ‎ --- I prefer coffee ________ sugar.‎ ‎ A. than B. for C. with D. to ‎(2015●连云港市)5. ---When is your birthday?‎ ‎ ---I was born __________ December 17. This year I'll hold a birthday party for it at home.‎ ‎ A. on                      B. at                  C. in                   D. by ‎(2011●南京市)6. The wedding of Prince William was held in Westminster Cathedral ______ April 29, 2011. ‎ ‎ A. at           B. in           C. on         D. by ‎ ‎(2012●南通市)7.In some western countries shops are closed_________ weekends.‎ A. in B. to C. at D. with ‎(2016●南通市)8.They went climbing the morning of May 1 and came back the afternoon.‎ ‎ A.on；on B.in；in C.on；in D.in；on ‎(2011●苏州市)9.---When and where were you born?‎ ‎ ---I was born_______ October 1st , 1998 _______Suzhou.‎ ‎ A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on ‎(2014●苏州市) 10.The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the river.‎ ‎ A.to B.for C.off D.out ‎(2015●苏州市)11. In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains zero all day. ‎ ‎ A. above B. below C. over D. under ‎(2016●苏州市) 12. A good student connects what he reads what he sees around him .‎ A. for B. with C. in D. on ‎(2012●泰州市)13. The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so nice.‎ ‎ A. over B. across C. through D. past ‎(2014●泰州市)14. The 2014 Tournament Chess（国际象棋锦标赛）took place in Xinghua____March 11.‎ A.in B.at C.on D.／‎ ‎(2016●泰州市)15. ---As a nurse, her work goes taking care of her patients.‎ ‎ ---Yes, she always thinks of others.‎ A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between ‎(2011•无锡市) 16.Books are made __________ paper while paper is mainly made __________ wood.‎ ‎ A. of; of B. from; from C. of; from D. from; of ‎(2012•无锡市)17. Don't drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive ________ the tunnel.‎ A. past B. across C. over D. through ‎(2013•无锡市)18. Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays__________zero.‎ A. up B. down C. above D. below ‎(2011•宿迁市)19. I was born _______ the morning _______ February 25th, 1997.‎ ‎ A. in; of B. on; in C. in; in D. on; of ‎ ‎(2015•宿迁市)20.---When will our guests arrive at the airport?‎ ‎ ---____________ the evening of this Saturday.‎ A. At B. Of C. In D. On ‎(2012•徐州市)21.The 30th London Olympic Games will begin _______ 27th July 2012.‎ A. in B. on C. at D. for ‎(2013•盐城市)22.It is reported that a lot of adults take lessons online _______further education.‎ ‎ A. after B. to C. with D. for ‎(2012•镇江市)23.The 2012 London Olympic Games will start ________ the coming July. 　　A. on                B. in               C. at                D. to ‎(2013•镇江市)24. --- Mr. Mu, when did the earthquake in Wan. Sichuan happen?‎ ‎ ---______ 8.02 ______ the morning of April 20th. 2013.‎ ‎ A. On; in B. At; on C. At; in D. On; or ‎(2015•镇江市)25. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money　　 the Internet.‎ ‎ A. through B. along C. across D towards 答案解析 ‎1.选A。第一空用of，因为前面的形容词helpful是描述人的品质的一类形容词；第二空表示具体的一个下雨的晚上，介词用on。‎ ‎7.选C。at weekends表示“在周末”。‎ ‎8.选C。第一空表示“五月一日的早晨”，所以介词用on；第二空泛指在下午，所以介词用in。‎ ‎9.选C。第一空用介词on表示具体某一天；第二空Suzhou是大地点，所以用介词in。‎ ‎10.选C。off这里表示“远离”。‎ ‎11.选B。此题的意思是“在寒冷的冬天，哈尔滨的气温经常一整天都在零下”。‎ ‎12.选B。connect...with...表示“将……同……联系起来”。‎ ‎17.选D。此处through表示从隧道内部穿过。‎ ‎18.选C。此题的意思是“这里冬天不经常看到冰，因为气温通常保持在零上”。‎ ‎19.选D。具体的1997年2月25日的早晨，介词用on。‎ ‎20.选D。这里表示具体的这周六的晚上，介词用on。‎ ‎21.选B。具体某一天介词用on。‎ ‎22.选D。for further education表示“为了进一步的教育”。‎ ‎23.选B。in the coming July表示“在接下来的七月里”。‎ ‎24.选B。具体某个时刻点用介词at，具体某天早晨用介词on。‎ ‎25.选A。through the Internet表示“通过网络”。‎