中考英语复习专题一名词 10页

专题一 名词 名词 ‎（注：常考考点归纳：1.名词的分类；2.名词的单复数；3.名词所有格；4.名词作定语；5.易混淆名词, 6.名词的句法作用。‎ ‎ 7.名词与主谓一致。考查形式主要有：单项选择、词形转换、词语辨析、翻译句子等题型。）‎ 一、名词的的定义及分类 ‎1、名词是一种实词，是指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。‎ ‎2、名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。‎ ‎1>、专有名词是某个人,地点、团体、机构国家或地区等专有的名称（第一个字母要大写）。‎ ‎ 如：Mr Smith，China Asia 亚洲 Beijing ‎ ‎2>、普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。‎ 如：student,book,happiness,health 注：普通名词又可分为以下四类：‎ a. 个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如：car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇 picture 照片。‎ b. 集体名词: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如：people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 。‎ c. 物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物。　如：fire 火 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶等。‎ d. 抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。‎ ‎　　如： labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 musu,work 。‎ 总之，个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计数，称为可数名词。‎ 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计数，称为不可数名词。‎ 名词的分类可以下图表示：‎ 名 词 专有名词 ‎ ‎ 普通名词 个体名词 集体名词 可数 物质名词 抽象名词 不可数 二、名词的单复数 可数名词变复数的规则 ‎1、规则变化情况：‎ ‎1>.一般情况加s。如：map-maps ‎2>.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es。如bus-bues,watch-watches,box-boxes 注：stomach-stomachs因为ch读成/k/而不是读/ tʃ /。‎ ‎3>.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加es。如：baby-babies,city-cities。‎ 注：以原音字母+y结尾的，直接加s。‎ 如：boy-boys,day-days(toy,way,monkey,holiday等)‎ ‎2、部分规则变化情况:‎ ‎1>.以o结尾的变复数时：‎ a.无生命的加s。如：photo,piano,radio,zoo b.有生命的加es。如：potato,tomato,negro,hero c.加s或es均可的。如：zero-zeros/zeroes ‎2>.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：‎ a.加s。 如：belief(相信，信念)，roof,chef/ ʃef/厨师, 主厨,safe保险箱， gulf海湾 b.去掉f或fe,加ves。如：wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,half,life,leaf(助（记：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。）‎ c.直接加s或去掉f或fe,加ves均可。如：handkerchief- handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves ‎3、不规则变化情况：‎ ‎1>.child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,louse,(老鼠，虱子变复数，ous变ic) man-men,woman-women(注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。)‎ ‎2>.单复数相同。如deer,sheep, chinese,Japanese等。‎ ‎(注：“国人”变复数，“中、日”不变，“英、法”其余后加“s”变复。‎ 如：chinese,Japanese;Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen)‎ li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars;　 a meter, two meters ‎3>.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people,police,cattle（牛）等本身是复数，不能说a people/police/cattle,但可以说a person/policeman ,a head of cattle。(注：the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。‎ ‎　　如： The Chinese are industries and brave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）‎ ‎4>.以s结尾，但仍为单数的名词。如：maths,politics,physics等学科名词及news，等都是不可数名词及the United States，the United Nations（联合国），都视为单数。‎ ‎5>.还有些名词，其复数形式表特别意思。如：waters水域，works著作，fishes(各种)鱼。‎ ‎6>. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。‎ ‎　　"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.‎ ‎　　<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。‎ ‎　　7> 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)　trousers,　clothes ‎　　若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);　suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 三、不可数名词 ‎1.物质名词 ‎　　a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。‎ ‎　　比较：　Cake is a kind of food.　蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)‎ ‎　　These cakes are sweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)‎ ‎　　b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。‎ ‎　　This factory produces steel.　(不可数)‎ ‎　　We need various steels.　(可数)‎ ‎　　c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。‎ ‎　　Our country is famous for tea.‎ ‎　　我国因茶叶而闻名。‎ ‎　　Two teas, please.‎ ‎　　请来两杯茶。‎ ‎　　2. 抽象名词有时也可数。‎ ‎　　four freedoms 四大自由 ‎　　the four modernizations四个现代化 ‎　　物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。‎ ‎　　如：‎ ‎　　a glass of water 一杯水 ‎　　a piece of advice　一条建议 四、名词作定语 名词作定语一般用单数，但以下情况除外：‎ ‎1.用复数作定语。如：sports meeting 运动会，students reading-room 学生阅览室,talks table 谈判桌,the foreign languages department 外语系 ‎　　2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。‎ ‎　　如：men workers　　women teachers,gentlemen officials ‎　　3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。‎ ‎　　如：goods train (货车),arms produce　武器生产 ‎　　customs papers 海关文件,clothes brush衣刷 ‎　　4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。‎ ‎　　如：two-dozen eggs　两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)‎ ‎　　a ten-mile walk 十里路 ‎　　two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.　一个五年计划 an 8-year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩 个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child 特殊情况：‎ a.有些名词只有复数形式，如：‎ clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼镜)‎ b.有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：‎ news，maths，physics，politics c.有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如：‎ room(空间)—a room(房间)‎ work(工作)—works(著作)‎ 五、名词所有格 英语中有些名词可在词尾加“ ’s ”或”名词+of+名词”来表示所有关系，用法如下：‎ ‎1.表有生命的名词，单数在词尾加“ ’s ”，复数名词词尾没有“s”的，也要加“’s”。如the boy’s bag,men’s room ‎2.复数名词以“s”结尾的，只加“’”。如：the students’ books ‎3.表无生命的名词，用“名词+of+名词”来表示所有格。如：the title of the song那首歌的名字。‎ ‎4.在表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现被修饰的名词。如：a barber’s理发店，a doctor’诊所，a tailor’s裁缝铺,a butcher’s肉铺,the Chaplin’s卓别林家 ‎5.如果两个名词并列，有两个“’s”时，则表“各自有”；只有一个“’s”时，则表“共有”。‎ 如：LiMing’s and Jim’s room李明的和吉姆的房间。（各有一间）‎ LiMing and Jim’s room李明和吉姆的房间。（共有一间）‎ ‎6.复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。如：a month or two's absence一至两个月的缺勤。‎ 六.主谓一致 ‎　　主谓一致是指：‎ ‎　　1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。‎ ‎　　2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。‎ ‎　　3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，‎ ‎　　一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。‎ ‎　　There is much water in the thermos.‎ ‎　　但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎　　Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year ‎　　6.1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 ‎　　Reading and writing are very important.‎ ‎　　注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。‎ The iron铁 and steel industry（钢铁工业） is very important to our life.‎ One and two is three.‎ ‎　　6.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 ‎　　1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..‎ ‎　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.‎ ‎　　2)当either… or… 与neither… nor，　连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。‎ ‎　　Either you or she is to go.‎ ‎　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.‎ ‎　　6.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 ‎　　当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。‎ ‎　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.‎ ‎　　He as well as I wants to go boating.‎ ‎　　6.4 谓语需用单数 ‎　　1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。‎ ‎　　Each of us has a tape-recorder.‎ ‎　　There is something wrong with my watch.‎ ‎　　2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。‎ ‎　　The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.‎ ‎　　<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。‎ ‎3) 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。‎ Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations准备工作.‎ ‎　　Ten yuan is enough.‎ ‎　　6.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 ‎　　1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。‎ ‎　　All is right.　　　 (一切顺利。)‎ ‎　　All are present.　　(所有人都到齐了。)‎ ‎　　2) 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience/ 'ɔ:diəns /听众，观众, crew全体船员, crowd, class, company, committee（委员会）等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。‎ ‎　　His family isn't very large.　　他家不是一个大家庭。‎ ‎　　His family are music lovers.　他的家人都是音乐爱好者。‎ ‎　　但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。‎ ‎　　Are there any police around?‎ ‎　　3)有些名词，如number, population, proportion部份, 比例, majority（大多数）等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。‎ ‎　　A number of +名词复数+复数谓语动词。‎ ‎　　The number of +名词复数+单数谓语动词。‎ ‎　　A number of books have lent out.‎ ‎　　The majority of the students like English.‎ ‎　　6.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 ‎　　1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。‎ ‎　　Most of his money is spent on books.‎ ‎　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.‎ ‎　　2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。‎ ‎　　Many a person has read the novel.　许多人都读过这本书。‎ ‎　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。‎ 七、名词的句法功能 ‎ ‎1．名词作主语 名词在句中作的句子成分很多，但作主语尤为重要，应注意以下几种情况：‎ ‎(1)一些以s结尾的名词。如：maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；但trousers，shoes，glasses等为复数概念，它们在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但a (this)pair of＋名词复数时，其主语是a(this)pair，故谓语动词应用单数形式。如：‎ Physics is a new subject in Grade Two.‎ 物理在初二是一门新科目。‎ My glasses are red. 我的眼镜是红色的。‎ A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一条新短裤。‎ ‎(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了。‎ Three months is a short time. 三个月很短。‎ ‎(3)family，class，police等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表示其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.‎ 她家下周要搬到辽宁去。‎ Her family are having supper now.‎ 她的家人正在吃晚饭。‎ ‎(4)the＋姓氏名词复数(后加s)表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：‎ The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。‎ ‎(5)neither＋单数名词或neither of＋复数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，如：‎ Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。‎ Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays.‎ 星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园。‎ ‎(6)主语后跟with，except，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致，而不受这些短语的影响。如：‎ Mr Li with his students is discussing the math problem.‎ 李老师和他的学生在讨论数学题。‎ All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.‎ 除了玛丽以外所有的女生都在教室里画画。‎ ‎(7)兼有双重身份的人作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。‎ A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays.‎ 一位工人作家经常在星期天给我们做报告。‎ ‎(8)主语和谓语的就近一致。‎ 就近一致即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况：‎ ‎①在there be 句型中或以here开头的句子中，谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致，当后面的名词不止一个时，be应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致。如：‎ There are twentytwo boys and twenty girls in our class.‎ 我们班有22名男生和20名女生。‎ There is a car and two jeeps behind the house.‎ 房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。‎ Here are two oranges and some milk.‎ 这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。‎ ‎②either...or...(或者……或者……)；neither...nor...(既不……也不……)；...or...(……或者……)；not only...but also...(不但……而且……)等平等结构，连接并列主语时谓语动词的人 称和数应和与之靠近的一个主语保持一致。如：‎ Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon.‎ 今天下午或者是你或者是他必须去购物。‎ Neither he nor we are students now.‎ 他和我们现在都不是学生了。‎ both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语用复数形式。如：‎ Both he and she do well in English.‎ 他和她都擅长英语。‎ 八、名词专项训练题（一）‎ ‎1.‎ ‎　　( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.‎ ‎　　A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes ‎　　C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ‎　　( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?‎ ‎　　A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ‎　　( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.‎ ‎　　A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ‎　　( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!‎ ‎　　A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ‎　　( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.‎ ‎　　A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ‎　　( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?‎ ‎　　-Yes, please.‎ ‎　　A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ‎　　( ) 7 On the table there are five____.‎ ‎　　A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato ‎　　2‎ ‎　　( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books.‎ ‎　　A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ‎　　( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.‎ ‎　　A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ‎　　( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.‎ ‎　　A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ‎　　( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is!‎ ‎　　A. / B. the C. an D. a ‎　　3‎ ‎　　( ) 1 -Would you like___tea?‎ ‎　　-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.‎ ‎　　A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange ‎　　C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ‎　　( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.‎ ‎　　A. two breads B. two piece of bread ‎　　C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ‎　　( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.‎ ‎　　A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time ‎　　( ) 4 I would like to have___.‎ ‎　　A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I ‎　　C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks ‎　　( ) 5 Can you give me ____?‎ ‎　　A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ‎　　( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ‎　　( ) 7 John bought___for himself yesterday.‎ ‎　　A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes ‎　　4‎ ‎　　( ) 1 -How many ____ have you got on your farm?‎ ‎　　-I've got five.‎ ‎　　A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken ‎　　( ) 2 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.‎ ‎　　A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ‎　　( ) 3 In the picture there are many____ and two.‎ ‎　　A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes ‎　　B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs ‎　　( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.‎ ‎　　A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American ‎　　5‎ ‎　　( ) 1 This table is made of___.‎ ‎　　A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass ‎　　( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?‎ ‎　　-I'd like____. !‎ ‎　　A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken ‎　　( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.‎ ‎　　A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room ‎　　6‎ ‎　　( ) 1 Tables are made of___.‎ ‎　　A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods ‎　　( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.‎ ‎　　A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples ‎　　( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer.‎ ‎　　A. works B. work C. this works D. the works ‎　　7‎ ‎　　( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?‎ ‎　　A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park ‎　　C. the People Park D. People's Park ‎　　( ) 2 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.‎ ‎　　A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a ‎　　( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened?‎ ‎　　A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples ‎　　8‎ ‎　　( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.‎ ‎　　A. set B. one C. piece D. pair ‎　　( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV____.‎ ‎　　A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block ‎　　( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.‎ ‎　　A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair ‎　　9‎ ‎　　( ) 1 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.‎ ‎　　A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher ‎　　( ) 2 There are five___in our factory.‎ ‎　　A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ‎　　( ) 3 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.‎ ‎　　A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor ‎　　10‎ ‎　　( ) 1 They write most of their___ in English.‎ ‎　　A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters ‎　　( ) 2 We came to a ___ at last .and went in.‎ ‎　　A. watch shop B. watches shop ,'C. watching shop D. watchs shop ‎　　( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.‎ ‎　　A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop ‎　　( ) 4 She broke a___while she was washing up.‎ ‎　　A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass ‎　　( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the____.‎ ‎　　A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number ‎　　11‎ ‎　　1. September 10th is____in China.‎ ‎　　A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day ‎　　( ) 2 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.‎ ‎　　A. the teacher's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine ‎　　( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the___?‎ ‎　　A. men's room B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms ‎　　12‎ ‎　　( ) 1 The football under the bed is____.‎ ‎　　A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's ‎　　( ) 2 This is my____dictionary.‎ ‎　　A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's ‎　　( ) 3 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.‎ ‎　　A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'‎ ‎　　( ) 4 Joan is____.‎ ‎　　A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister ‎　　C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister ‎　　13‎ ‎　　( ) 1 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.‎ ‎　　A. year B. years' C. year's D. years ‎　　( ) 2 It's about ___ walk from my house.‎ ‎　　A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes ‎　　( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.‎ ‎　　A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk ‎　　C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk ‎　　( ) 4 Half___ telephone calls are made in English.‎ ‎　　A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's ‎　　14‎ ‎　　( ) 1 ____ face to the south.‎ ‎　　A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room ‎　　C. The room's windows D. The windows in room ‎　　( ) 2 Please take two___.‎ ‎　　A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park ‎　　C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park ‎　　( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.‎ ‎　　A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house ‎　　C. roof of the house D. this roof of house ‎　　15‎ ‎　　( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of____.‎ ‎　　A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers ‎　　( ) 2 This is a book of ___.‎ ‎　　A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him ‎　　( ) 3 The post card is sent by ____.‎ ‎　　A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father's ‎　　C. my father friend D. my father friend's ‎　　16‎ ‎　　( ) 1 Sydney is a city of___.‎ ‎　　A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan ‎　　( ) 2 My father likes buying us ___.‎ ‎　　A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents ‎　　( ) 3 In England, the last name is the ___.‎ ‎　　A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name ‎　　( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.‎ ‎　　A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital ‎　　17‎ ‎　　( ) 1 My father is a____. He works in a hospital.‎ ‎　　A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier ‎　　( ) 2 -Which animal lives only in China?‎ ‎　　-The____.‎ ‎　　A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant ‎　　( ) 3 April come before___and after___.‎ ‎　　A. March; May B. May; March ‎　　C. June; May D. March; February ‎　　( ) 4 Which of the following is right?‎ ‎　　A. China has a large population. B. China has much population.‎ ‎　　C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of population.‎ ‎　　( ) 5 Please do like this. Fold the paper____ and cut along the fold.‎ ‎　　A. into pieces B. in half C. on halves D. to half ‎　　( ) 6 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another____?‎ A. one B. game C. programme D. piece ‎18‎ ‎1.Two _____ and three _____are talking ________.‎ A.Englishman,German,Japaneses B. Englishmen,Germans,Japanese C. Englishmen,Germen,Japanese ‎2.-Would you like some _____? -Thank you,but I don’t it.‎ A.cakes B.bananas C.milk ‎3. -Whose bicycles are these?‎ ‎　-The red one is ____ and the blue one belongs to ____.‎ ‎　　A.Mary, Tom's　 B.Mary's,Tom C.Mary's, Tom's　 D.Mary, Tom ‎　　参考答案：‎ ‎　　1. 1-7 C C B B B B C ‎　　2. 1-4 C B C A ‎　　3. 1-7 B C D A D D A ‎　　4. 1-4 B A A C ‎　　5. 1-3 D A A ‎　　6. 1-3 A A D ‎　　7. 1-3 A D C ‎　　8. 1-3 D B B ‎　　9. 1-3 B D B ‎　　10. 1-5 B A C D A ‎　　11. 1-3 B D A ‎　　12. 1-4 D C C B ‎　　13. 1-4 B B C C ‎　　14. 1-3 B B A ‎　　15. 1-3 A B B ‎　　16. 1-4 C D B B ‎　　17. 1-6 B C B A B D 名词专项训练题（二）‎ 中考试题分析：‎ ‎1、I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a ________.‎ A．letter B．dictionary C．postcard D．notice 解析：letter“书信”，dictionary“字典、词典”，postcard“卡片”，notice“布告”，根据题意“我不知道这个词语的意思，你最好查词典。”所以答案选B。‎ ‎2、—What's your job, Henry?‎ ‎—I'm a ______. I work late. I'm very busy when people go out to dinners.‎ A．waiter B．reporter C．teacher D．nurse ‎3、________ mothers can't go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business.‎ A．Alice and Lily's B．Alice's and Lily's C．Alice's and Lily 解析：考查名词所有格。A选项是指他们共有的母亲；B选项表示她们各自的母亲；C选项没有这种表达形式，首先排除。由句意可知，这里指的是她们各自的母亲，因此答案为B。‎ ‎3、—Whose computer doesn't work?‎ ‎—________， I think.‎ A．John has B．John does C．John D．John's ‎4、It's said that more than 100 ________ will attend this meeting in Shanghai.‎ A．man teachers B．woman teachers ‎ C．men teachers D．womans teachers 解析：考查名词修饰名词。名词修饰名词变复数时前一个名词一般用单数，但woman和man修饰名词变复数时man和woman以及后面的名词都要变成复数。因此选C。‎ 练习：‎ 一、单项选择(30分)‎ ‎1．—Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?‎ ‎—Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are ________.‎ A．friends B．neighbors C．classmates D．strangers ‎2、I don't think looking after children is just（不仅仅是） ________ work.‎ A．woman B．woman's C．women D．women's ‎3、—Why are you still waiting in line?‎ ‎—I've missed my ________.‎ A．place B．order C．turn D．time ‎（“你为什么仍然在排队？”“我错过了我的一次机会了。”place “地方”； order “顺序”； turn“(依次轮流时各自的)一次机会”； time“时间”。通过句意可知，只有C项符合题意，故答案为C。）‎ ‎4、—Lily has a silk ________. Listen, she is singing in the next room!‎ ‎—How nice!‎ A．look B．noise C．voice ‎（look可数名词，意思“相貌，样子，外表”，常用复数形式；noise 不可数名词，意思“噪杂声，吵闹声”；voice，可数名词，意思“嗓音，说话声”。故选择C）‎ ‎5、—I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.‎ ‎—Right. It is one of the ________ in my school.‎ A．choices B．plans C．hobbies D．rules ‎（句子意思是“我听说你每天必须跑步半小时。”“是的，这是我们学校的规则之一。”choices“选择”；plans“计划”；hobbies“爱好”；rules“规则”。所以选择答案D。）‎ ‎6、 —It's said that you have moved into a new house.‎ ‎—Yeah, and we need to buy some ________ in the mall nearby.‎ A．food B．furniture C．hamburger ‎7、________ mothers can't go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business.‎ A．Alice and Lily's B．Alice's and Lily's C．Alice's and Lily A选项是指她们共有的母亲；B选项表示她们各自的母亲；C选项没有这种表达形式，首先排除。由句意可知，这里指的是她们各自的母亲，因此答案为B。‎ ‎8、When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the ________.‎ A．blackboard　 B．desk　 C．dictionary　 D．postcard ‎9、Which is the mascot of Shanghai Exposition(世界博览会)?‎ A. B. C.‎ ‎（句中mascot指的是“吉祥物”，当然是A。）‎ ‎10、—How far is your home from school? ‎ ‎—It's about two ________ walk. ‎ A．hour's B．hours C．hours'‎ ‎（名词所有格的用法。两小时的路程表达法是“two hours' walk”， hour需要复数后加“'”，故选C。）‎ ‎11、I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a ________.‎ A．letter B．dictionary C．postcard D．notice ‎（letter“书信”；dictionary“字典、词典”；postcard“卡片”；notice“布告”，根据题意“我不知道这个词语意思，你最好查词典”，所以答案选B。）‎ ‎12、—Whose computer doesn't work?‎ ‎—________， I think.‎ A．John has B．John does C．John D．John's ‎（“谁的计算机出毛病啦？”“约翰的，我想。”故答语应用名词所有格形式，所以答案应选D。）‎ ‎13、—What's your job, Henry?‎ ‎—I'm a ________. I work late. I'm very busy when people go out to dinners.‎ A．waiter B．reporter C．teacher D．nurse ‎（句意为“你是干什么工作的，亨利？”“我是个……，我工作很晚，当人们出来吃饭的时候我非常忙。”waiter“侍者”；reporter“报道员”；teacher“教师”；nurse“护士”，根据句意，答案应选A。）‎ ‎14、You can get much ________ about the world expo on the Internet.‎ A．map B．picture C．ticket D．information ‎（考查不可数名词的用法。由题干中的much知，其后应接不可数名词；A、B、C三项均为可数名词，故选D。）‎ ‎15、Let's get some ________ about tourism on the Internet.‎ A．information 　　　B．message 　　　　C．invention ‎（让我们在网上找一些旅游的信息吧）‎ ‎16、—Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?‎ ‎—I'm afraid we have no ________ but to take a taxi.‎ A．choice B．decision C．reason D．information ‎（根据上一句的have missed the last bus和but to take a taxi可知是别无选择。句意是“哎，天啊，我们已经错过了最后一班车，我们应该怎么办呢？”“我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。”）‎ ‎17、—Good morning, madam. Can I help you?‎ ‎—Sure, I'd like ________ for cooking vegetables.‎ A．two cups of tea B．three pieces of bread C．one bowl of dumplings D．five kilos of oil ‎（“做菜用”的原料只能选D）‎ ‎18、—I hear you have to get up early every morning.‎ ‎—Right. It's one of the________ in my family.‎ A．plans B．orders C．rules D．suggestions ‎（“每天不得不早起”是“家规”之一，故选C）‎ ‎19、—Two________ died in the accident.‎ ‎—________terrible it is!‎ A．policemen; How B．policeman; What C．police; What D．policemans; How ‎（考查名词复数和感叹句的知识，警察的复数是policemen，terrible是形容词，故用how来引导感叹句，因此选A。）‎ ‎20、Connie took off her________. She wanted to feel the grass with her feet.‎ A．shoes and socks B．shirt and pants C．cap and gloves D．sweater and jacket ‎（“她想用脚感觉草地”可知，她脱掉的是“鞋和袜子”，故选A）‎ ‎21、—Do you know the woman over there?‎ ‎—Yes. She's ________aunt.‎ A．Lily and Lucy B．Lily's and Lucy's C．Lily's and Lucy D．Lily and Lucy's ‎22、After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took________ rest.‎ A．a few minute's B．a few minutes'‎ C．a little minute's D．a little minutes'‎ ‎（minute是可数名词由a few来修饰且要用复数形式，结尾以s结尾时，所有格直接加'。句意是“踢了半个小时的球后，学生们休息了几分钟。）‎ ‎23、—Where are the________？‎ ‎—They are playing________ basketball on the playground.‎ A．man teachers; the B．men teachers; the C．man teachers; / D．men teachers; /‎ ‎（man作定语时，两个名词都要变复数； 球类娱乐的短语中，球类之前不可用冠词，故选D。句意是“男老师在哪儿？”“他们正在操场上打篮球。”）‎ ‎24、Betty has a beautiful________. She can sing very well.‎ A．voice B．look C．sound D．smell ‎（根据“she can sing very well”可知她的声音很好，人的声音用voice。句意是“贝蒂的声音好，她可以唱得非常好。）‎ ‎25、—Oh, there isn't enough________ for us on the bus.‎ ‎—No hurry. Let's wait for the next one.‎ A．floor B．ground C．room D．place ‎（根据on the bus和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了。句意是“哎呀，公共汽车上我们没有足够的空间了。”“别着急，让我们等下一趟吧。）‎ ‎26、—What ________ do you have for Paul?‎ ‎—I think he should study harder than before.‎ A．news B．advice C．help D．information ‎（本题题意为“对于Paul你有什么建议吗？”“我认为他应该比以前更加努力学习一些。”news“新闻，消息”；advice“建议”；help“帮助”；information“信息”，由题意及解析可知答案为B。）‎ ‎27、—Well, you look so happy!‎ ‎—Because I got a good ________.‎ A．work B．news C．job ‎（work不可数名词；news不可数名词；job可数名词，由不定冠词a可知答案为C。）‎ ‎28、I saw many ________ eating grass on the hill.‎ A．horse B．cow C．rabbit D．sheep ‎（many后跟名词复数，A，B，C都不是复数，sheep单复数相同，故答案选D）‎ ‎29、It's hot. Let's have some ________.‎ A．wine B．porridge C．ice cream D．strawberries ‎（句意为“天气热，让我们吃些冰淇淋吧。”故答案选C。）‎ ‎30. There are twenty ________ in my class.‎ A．boy student B．boy students ‎ C．boys students D．boys student 二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词(15分)‎ ‎1.I usually have a piece of ________(面包)and some milk for breakfast.(bread)‎ ‎2. Boys and girls, please take out your________(钢笔) and write down the new words.（pens）‎ ‎3.Both of my best friends were born in ________(十月)．（October）‎ ‎4. The camera was one of the greatest ________(发明) in the 19th century. （inventions）‎ ‎5.How many times do you brush your________(牙齿) every day?(teeth)‎ ‎6、Please tell me the________(胜利者) telephone number. I want to interview him.（winner’s）‎ ‎7、There are many fresh________(土豆) in the supermarket.（potatoes）‎ ‎8、Sandy is so careful that she seldom makes________(错误) in her homework..（mistakes）‎ ‎9、Thank you very much for your________(邀请). But I'm so sorry that I can't come to your party tomorrow.（invitation）‎ ‎10、Chocolate is usually the________(孩子们) favourite food.（children's）‎ ‎11、ake a short rest after two________(小时) hard work, and you won't feel too tired.（hours’s）‎ ‎12、Great________(变化) have taken place in our hometown.. (句中的谓语动词是have taken place，因此主语要用复数changes)‎ ‎13、Many students like listening to________(音乐)very much.‎ ‎14、There are a lot of old ________(工厂) in our city.（factories）‎ ‎15、A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in ________(西南方), China's Sichuan Province on May 12th.‎ ‎（表示“偏方向”时，先说南北，再说东西，故西南方为southwest。）‎ 三、根据句意及所给首字母补全单词(19分)‎ ‎1、New Year is a traditional f________ for Chinese people. New Year和traditional（可知是节日。句意是“新年对中国人来说是传统的节日。”festival）‎ ‎2. Tomorrow is my cousin's birthday. I'm going to buy a g________ for her.（gift）‎ ‎3. If there's something wrong with your teeth，you'd better go to see a d________.（dentist）‎ ‎4、Your parents are your f________ and mother.‎ ‎5. W________ is the coldest season of the year.‎ ‎6. We don't go to the c________ much for movies because we have a video.( 根据movies可知是cinema。句意是“我们不经常去电影院看电影，因为我们有一个录像机。”cinema)‎ ‎7. Miss Qin is a good t________. She teaches English well.‎ ‎8. He is writing on the blackboard with a piece of c________.( Chalk)‎ When summer comes, day becomes longer and n________ becomes shorter.‎ ‎9. When summer comes, day becomes longer and n________ becomes shorter.( night)‎ ‎10.P________ are my favourite animals and they live only in China.( Pandas)‎ ‎11.Would you like to see the movie with me? I've got two t_____.( tickets)‎ ‎12. Mary is such a shy girl that it's hard for her to sing in p________. (public)‎ ‎13. In the north of China, autumn is the best s________ of a year.( season)‎ ‎14. Look at the flowers! They are in different c________： red, yellow, pink...( colors)‎ ‎15. Bill wants to buy a new jacket because his old one is out of s________.( style)‎ ‎16. England is a country in E________.( Europe)‎ ‎17. Don't smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “No S________”．( 根据句意可知是别抽烟，no的后面要接名词或动名词，故用smoking。句意是“别抽烟，看那个标志牌。写着‘别抽烟’。”)‎ ‎18. F________ is very important to us. Everyone needs friends.( Friendship)‎