中考英语备考策略在课堂教学中的渗透 9页

中考英语备考策略在课堂教学中的渗透 第一部分 了解中考要求，把握备考方向 一、命题原则 贯彻落实九年义务教育英语课程标准的新理念，反映课程标准的目标要求。‎ ‎（一）依据课程标准确定考查内容和要求,不拘泥于教材；‎ ‎（二）注重能力考查，特别是学生的综合语言运用能力；‎ ‎（三）注重材料的真实性、时代性，同时体现公平性；‎ ‎（四）保证试题有较高的效度和信度，不出繁、偏、旧题，难度适当；‎ ‎（五）力求评分标准的合理性、科学性和公平性，确保对教学有良好的反拨作用。‎ 二、试卷结构 笔试考试时间为100 分钟，满分120 分 试卷的结构、题型、题量、和分值详见下表：‎ 题号 题型 题量 赋分 一 听力理解 A．听句子 ‎5‎ ‎5‎ B．听对话 ‎10‎ ‎10‎ C．听短文 ‎5‎ ‎5‎ D．听填信息 ‎5‎ ‎5‎ 二 单项选择 ‎20‎ ‎20‎ 三 完形填空 ‎10‎ ‎10‎ 四 阅读理解 ‎15‎ ‎30‎ 五 短文填空 ‎10‎ ‎15‎ 六 读写综合 A.信息归纳 ‎5‎ ‎5‎ B.书面表达 ‎1‎ ‎15‎ 共六大题 共86小题 ‎ 总分：120 分 三、考试内容和要求 中考的内容是《课程标准》制定的三至五级目标内容，即初中生在全日制义务教育阶段七年级至九年级阶段应该完成的学习内容和达到的学习目标。‎ ‎（一）词汇和短语：能够理解词语的基本含义和特定意义，运用1600 个左右的单词（详见词汇表）和200-300个习惯用语或固定搭配（详见词组表），描述事物、行为和特征，说明概念。‎ ‎（二）语法：能够比较熟练地运用正确的语言结构来获取、处理和传递信息。语言结构包括描述人和物的方式；具体时间和具体行为的发生、发展过程的表达方式；时间、地点、方位的表达方式和比较人、物体及事物的表达方式。（详见语法项目表）‎ ‎（三）功能：能够熟悉与学生个人、家庭和学校生活紧密相关的话题，包括：个人情况、家庭、朋友、周围的人、周围环境、日常生活、学校生活、兴趣爱好、个人情感、人际关系、计划与愿望、节假日活动、购物、饮食、健康、天气、文娱体育、旅游交通、语言学习等。（详见话题项目表）‎ 第二部分 分析中考试题，掌握命题规律 下面以单项选择题为例，按照《2014 年广东省考试说明》中的语法项目，分类说明近三年省中考题的命题规律。‎ ‎1. 名词 (1)可数名词及其单复数 (2)不可数名词 (3)专有名词 (4)名词所有格 ‎（2010 年）26. Look ! The kites in the sky are in different _____. Some are big and some are small. 名词的辨析 A. size B. sizes C. color D. colors ‎（2011 年）26. —I hear you run for half an hour every day.‎ ‎—Right, we have to. It is one of the _____ in our school. 名词的辨析 A. rules B. plans C. hobbies D. choices ‎（2012 年）28. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there. 名词的单复数 A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit ‎（2013 年）28. —Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ these days. Is it true?‎ ‎—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. 名词可数与不可数的活用 A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken ‎2. 代词 (1) 人称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反身代词 (4) 指示代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词 ‎（2010 年）28. My father is ill in bed. I have to look after _____at home. 人称代词的格 A. he B. his C. him D. himself ‎（2011 年）28. —Oh! I came in a hurry and forget to bring food. 人称代词的格 ‎—It doesn’t matter. You can have _________.‎ A. we B. us C. our D. ours ‎（2012 年）27. –Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan?‎ ‎– _______ of them .Lin Shuhao is my favorite. 不定代词辨析 A. All B. None C. Either D. Neither ‎（2013 年）27. Boys, don’t lose____ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time.xkb1.com 反身代词 A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. yourselves ‎3. 数词 (1) 基数词 (2) 序数词 ‎（2010 年）30. This is Mr. White’s ______ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice. 序数词 A. two B. second C. three D. third ‎（2011 年）29. After the Asian Games, ___________ people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays. 惯用法 A. thousand B. thousands of C. five thousands D. five thousand of ‎（2012 年）29. -- How was your weekend? 序数词 ‎-- Great! It was my grandfather’s _______ birthday. We enjoyed ourselves.‎ A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth D. seventeenth ‎（2013 年）29. — Excuse me, sir. Here’s a package for Lin Tao. Which room does he live in?‎ ‎— ____________. 名词+基数词 A.308 Room B. Room ‎308 ‎‎ C. The Room 308 D. The 308 Room ‎4. 介词和介词短语 ‎（2010 年）32. Connie arrived ____ the village____ a snowy night. 固定搭配 A. at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on ‎（2011 年）32. It’s time ________ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please. 固定搭配 A. to B. in C. at D. for ‎（2012 年）32. — Why are you standing, Alice? 语境中介词的辨析 ‎—I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _______ me. ‎ A. behind . B. next to C. between D. in front of ‎（2013 年）32. — Kelly, who’s the girl _____ glasses in the photo?‎ ‎— It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair. With 的活用 A. by B. of C. on D. with ‎5. 连词 ‎（2010 年）29. ____ you ____ your brother can join us. We want one of you. 连词辨析 A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also ‎（2011 年）33. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read magazines __________ I test him myself. not…until 的句型 A. if B. when C. after D. until ‎（2012 年）33. Ben was busy taking a training class, ______we had to wait for him for half an hour.‎ 语境中连词辨析 A. so B. if C. or D. but ‎(2013 年) 30. Think it over, _____ you’ll work out the math problem. 语境中连词辨析 A. or B. so C. for D. and ‎6. 形容词(比较级和最高级) (1) 作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法 (2)比较等级 （原级、比较级、最高级）‎ ‎（2010 年）33. —How are you feeling today ? 比较级的用法 ‎—Much____ . I can go to school next week .‎ A. good B. better C. best D. well ‎（2011 年）40. —Have you ever seen the movie called Los Angeles 2011? ‎ ‎—Yes, but I think it’s _______. I fell asleep when I saw it. -ed 和-ing 形容词区别的考查 A. exciting B. boring C. bored D. excited ‎（2012 年）40. Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in Gansu‎ ‎Province. It’s _____ one that I have ever heard of. 最高级的用法 A. a very serious B. a more serious C. the most serious D. the least serious ‎（2013 年）33. —What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei?‎ ‎— Wonderful. I think it’s _____than the other films about youth in recent years. 比较级的用法 A. the best B. the worst C. much better D. much worse ‎7. 副词:(1)时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问副词的用法 (2) 比较等级 （原级、比较级、最高级）‎ ‎（2010 年）40. — ____ will you come back ? 特殊疑问副词的辨析 ‎—In an hour.‎ A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How long ‎（2011 年）30. —Steve is good at writing short stories. 副词比较级 ‎—So he is. But he writes _____ than us. So he can’t get good grades in writing.‎ A. most carefully B. more carefully C. less carefully D. least carefully ‎（2012 年）30. --- Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night? 副词的辨析 ‎---- No, I ________ go to the cinema . The tickets are too expensive A. hardly B. nearly C. still D. only ‎（2013 年）40. —_____is it from the village to your farm?‎ ‎— About 10 minutes’’ walk.‎ A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far ‎8. 冠词： 一般用法 ‎（2010 年）27. Don’t talk to Simon like that. He is just____ eleven –year- old boy. 不定冠词表泛指 A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎（2011 年）27. I really like ___________ book you lent me yesterday. 定冠词表特指 A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎（2012 年）26. _____Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. 定冠词加姓氏的复数 A. / B.A C. An D. The ‎（2013 年）26. —What do you want to be in the future, Lucy?‎ ‎—I want to be _____ pilot. It is _____exciting job. 不定冠词表泛指 A. a; a B. a; an C. a; the D. the; an ‎9. 动词 （1）动词的基本形式 （2）系动词 （3）及物动词和不及物动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 ‎（2010 年）37. —I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning. 情态动词 ‎—No, it____ him. He moved to Canada last week.‎ A. can be B. must be C. can’t be D. mustn’t be ‎41. Zhang Liangying’s new CD will_____ next month. 动词短语辨析 A. come along B. come up C. come over D. come out ‎（2011 年）34. The silk dress _______ so smooth. It’s made in China. 系动词辨析 A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. tastes ‎42. Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better ___________. 动词短语辨析 A. set it up B. give it up C. pick it up D. look it up ‎（2012 年）34. —________ I swim here?‎ ‎—I’m sorry. Children _______ swim alone here. 情态动词 A. Must , can’t B. May , must C. Can, mustn’t D. Can’t can ‎41. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you _____ the TV a bit, please? I can’t hear it clearly.‎ 动词短语辨析 A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down ‎（2013 年）34. Again and again the doctor_______ the crying baby girl, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her. 动词短语辨析 A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out ‎ ‎37. — Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann?‎ ‎— It _____ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now. 情态动词辨析 A. may B. must C. can’t D. mustn’t ‎10. 时态 （1）现在进行时 （2）一般现在时 （3）一般过去时 （4）一般将来时 ‎（5）过去进行时 （6）现在完成时 ‎（2010 年）31. Louis_____ computer games when his brother phoned her. 过去进行时 A. plays B. is playing C. has played D. was playing ‎39. —Do you know her well ?‎ ‎—Sure. We_____ friends since ten years ago. 现在完成时表示动作或状态的延续 A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become ‎43. The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they____ to China. 时间状语从句中一般现在时表将来 A. comes B. come C. came D. will come ‎（2011 年）31. —Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed?‎ ‎—Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I ________ for her. 现在进行时 A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting ‎39. Our math teacher ________ in our school for 20 years and he __________ here when he was 23‎ years old. 现在完成时 A. has taught, has come B. taught, comes C. taught, came D. has taught, came ‎43. —Let’s go fishing if it _______ this weekend.‎ ‎—But nobody knows if it __________. if 引导的从句的两种时态 A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. will be fine, will rain D. is fine, rains ‎（2012 年）31. Jenny _____in the chicken when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon? ‎ 过去进行时 A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked ‎36. If our government _____attention to controling food safety now, our health _____in danger.‎ 主将从现 A. won’t pay, is B. doesn’t pay, is C. won’t pay, will be D. doesn’t pay, will be ‎39. Our English teacher is very nice. We _____ friends since three years ago. 现在完成时 A. were B. became C. have been D. have made ‎（2013 年）31. Today’s young people can’t live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones whenever they go, even while they _______ meals. 现在进行时 A. had B. will have C. are having D. were having ‎36. If Nancy ______ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study. if 从句一般现在时表将来 A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass ‎43. 一Your shoes are so old. Why don’t you buy a new pair?‎ 一Because I ______ all my money on an MP5. 现在完成时 A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending ‎11. 被动语态 （1）一般现在时的被动语态 （2）一般过去时的被动语态（3）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态 （4）一般将来时的被动语态 ‎（2010 年）42. The 16th Asian Games____ in Guangzhou in November ,2010. ‎ 一般过去时的被动语态 A. holds B. will hold C. was held D. will be held ‎（2011 年）35. People who drink wine _________ to drive. 含有情态动词的被动语态 A. don’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. mustn’t allow D. mustn’t be allowed ‎（2012 年）35. Hot water_____ in the students’ flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now. ‎ 一般现在时的被动语态 A. supplies B. is supplied C. supplied D. was supplied ‎（2013 年）42. It _____ last week that the haze(雾霾)in Beijing caused many problems. ‎ 一般过去时被动语态 A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. was reported ‎12. 非谓语动词：动词不定式 ‎（1）作宾语（2）作宾语补足语 （3）作状语 （4）用在how, when, where, what, which 等之后 ‎（2010 年）34. —We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.‎ ‎—Really ? Will you please show me____ it.? 不定式与疑问词连用作宾语 A. how to use B. what to use C. how can I use D. what can I use ‎（2011 年）41. Try to sing more English songs, you will find it interesting __________ a foreign language. 不定式做宾语，it 做形式宾语 A. learning B. learns C. learn D. to learn ‎（2012 年）44. It took me two weeks ____ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. .‎ 不定式做主语，it 做形式主语 A. finish B. to finish C. finishes D. finishing ‎(2013 年) 41. —I didn’t hear you come in just now.‎ ‎— That’s good. We tried ____any noise, for you were sleeping. 不定式的活用 A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making ‎13. 构词法 （1）合成法 （2）派生法 （3）转化法 （4）缩写与简写 ‎（注意：构词法通常不会在语法题中考，而是放在阅读理解题中，通过上下文和构词法，猜测词义。）‎ ‎14. 成句子种类 （1）陈述句 （肯定式和否定式） （2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、‎ 选择疑问句、反意疑问句 （3）祈使句 （肯定式和否定式） （4）感叹句 ‎（2010 年）38. The boy has a new MP4, _______ ? 反意疑问句的构成 A. doesn’t he B. isn’t he C. does he D. is he ‎（2011 年）36. —Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, ______? 反意疑问句的构成 ‎—No. She got up too late.‎ A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she ‎（2012 年）43. —You haven’t been to the West Lake, have you?‎ ‎—_____. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. 反意疑问句的回答 A. No, I haven’t B. No, I didn’t C. Yes, I have D. yes, I did ‎（注意：反意疑问句在新修改的课表中，已经没有做要求）‎ ‎（2013 年）38. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. ________ excellent he is! ‎ 感叹句 A. How B. What C. What a D. What an ‎15. 句子成份 （1）主语 （2）谓语（主谓一致）（3）表语 （4）宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)‎ ‎（5）定语 (6) 状语 ‎（2010 年）35. Robert with his two kids____ to the beach for vacation every year. ‎ 名词加介词加名词作主语 A. go B. goes C. went D. are going ‎（2011 年）37. —David, there _____ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.‎ ‎—OK. Mum. I’ll do it right away. There be 句型的就近原则 A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎（2012 年）37.--- Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _______ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.‎ ‎---- I am also deeply moved by its stories. both…and…连接连个主语；与时态综合考 A. is B. am C. was D. are ‎（2013 年）35. Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. 主谓一致 A. be B. am C. is D. are ‎16. 简单句的五种基本句型 ‎(1) 主语＋系动词＋表语 (2) 主语＋不及物动词 ‎(3) 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 (4) 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ‎(5) 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (6) there be 句型 ‎(There be 句型的考查是考查重点，也经常和主谓一致一起考查。）‎ ‎17. 并列复合句 ‎（注意：并列复合句的考查通常和连词的考查放在了一起）‎ ‎18. 主从复合句 （1）宾语从句 （2）状语从句 （3）定语从句 宾语从句：‎ ‎（2010 年）45. The policeman asked the boy_______. 宾语从句的时态和语序 A. where is his mother B. where his mother is C. where was his mother D. where his mother was ‎（2011 年）38. The teacher asked us ______________. 宾语从句的时态和语序 A. when did I finish my work B. why didn’t we tell him about it earlier C. what we were interested in D. where we are going to have our lunch ‎（2012 年）45. --- Could you tell me_____ ? 宾语从句的时态和语序 ‎--- Certainly. In half an hour.‎ A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive ‎（2013 年）39. —Have you asked the policeman _______? 宾语从句的语序及理解 ‎—Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. It’s on the right.‎ A. if there is a bank near here B. how can we get to the nearest bank C. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank 定语从句：‎ ‎（2010 年）36. Paul’s uncle is the man___ taught us math last year. 定语从句的引导词 A. where B. which C. who D. when ‎（2011 年）44. The first thing ________ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.‎ 定语从句的引导词 A. which B. that C. why D. who ‎（2012 年）42. There will be a flower show in the park________ we visited last week. ‎ 定语从句的引导词 A. who B. when C. what D. which ‎（2013 年）45. The young lady _____is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net. 定语从句的引导词 A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ‎（状语从句常放在连词一起考查）‎ ‎19. 情景反应 ‎（2010 年）44.—Yesterday I won the first place in the 100- meter race.‎ ‎—Really ?______! 表示祝贺 A. Congratulations B. Never mind C. That is all right D. I’m sorry to hear that ‎（2011 年）45. —Would you mind if I sit here?‎ ‎—___________. It’s for Miss Zhang. 表示建议或忠告 A. Better not B. Never mind C. Not at all D. Of course not ‎（2012 年）38. --- My new iphone was stolen when I took a bus yesterday.‎ ‎---- ____________. 表示抱歉或难过 A. I’m sorry to hear that B. it doesn’t matter. C. Don’t be silly D. I’d love to ‎（2013 年）44. —Rose isn’t here today. Is she ill?‎ ‎— ________. I saw her at the doctor’s this morning. be afraid 表示委婉的语气 A. I hope so B. I don’t mind C. I am afraid so D. I don’t think sow 通过分析广东中考题，可以看出选择题所涉及的语法点，从字里行间还可以看出，命题人比较喜欢关注大众关注的人或者事物。比如： 2013 年的27 题Angry Birds(游戏 愤怒的小鸟)，28 题涉及的禽流感期间吃鸡肉的问题，31 题学生使用手机的问题，32 题赵薇的《致青春》，35 题足球明星Messi,38 题莫言获诺贝尔奖，43 题提到的MP5,42 题提到的雾霾，43 题提到的“我是歌手”节目和林志炫。‎ 这也提醒学生：平时除了功课外还要关注一下周围和外面发生的事情，不能一心只读圣贤书。也提醒我们老师在给学生出训练题的时候要注意热门话题的渗透。‎ 单项选择题考查学生在一定的语言情境中运用语言知识的能力。试题提供了充足的语境，考点设置较全面、合理，题干完整、准确，正确选项和干扰选项设计科学、有效。学生必须在充分理解题干意义的基础上，通过语句前后的逻辑关系或对话交际之间的联系（语境）进行判断，才能选出最佳选项。‎ 单项选择包括四项考查要点：语法知识，词语辨析，口语交际，惯用法，辨析题中常考的是短语动词；以对话形式出现的题占有一定比例。‎ 单项选择题的应试技巧：‎ ‎1. 理解题干, 把握语境 2. 寻找依据, 形义结合 3. 运用技巧, 排除干扰 ‎4. 兼顾文化, 考虑交际 5. 注重基础，突出重点 单项选择题的复习建议：‎ ‎1. 立足基础, 系统复习 2. 对照考纲, 查缺补漏 3. 注重思维, 明确依据 4. 收集典型题, 建立错题本。‎ 第三部分 立足课堂教学，掌握备考策略 一、如何上好语法复习课？‎ 漫长而枯燥的语法复习很容易让学生失去对英语学习的兴趣，老师在上面讲得口干舌燥，学生在下面昏昏欲睡，老师辛辛苦苦，学生却收效甚微。所以改变观念，活化语法课非常重要。‎ 下面我以一节语法复习课为例，展示语法复习的另一种形式，不一定很完美，但希望给老师们提供一个视角，启发一种思维。‎ 语法复习课的建议：‎ ‎1、使枯燥的语法复习变得有趣，兴趣永远是最好的老师。‎ 可“情景----探究----归纳----运用”的教学模式。‎ ‎2、新课与复习课相结合，不必盲目赶进度,在文章中复习语法。‎ ‎3、多探讨，开展同课异构，探索出符合自己学校的教学模式。‎ 二、把听力技巧渗透到听说课的课文教学中。‎ 在中考中，听力部分占了25 分，听力分数要提高，我们应该对学生的听力训练进行指导，如：训练朗读技巧(听准词，听清句，听懂段)；拥有足够词汇；熟悉常用句式；了解文化背景等。‎ 除了让学生多听提高听的能力外，培养学生的听力策略也非常重要，如：利用试听,调整情绪 ；快速浏览,预测内容；捕捉信息,速记要点；概括分析,当机立断。‎ 在日常课堂教学中，我们要注重听力技巧的点拨。下面我以一节听力课为例，讲讲如何进行听力技巧的点拨。‎ 三、把阅读技巧渗透到阅读课的课文教学中。‎ 阅读备考：‎ ‎1、学生要有一定的词汇量和阅读量。要根据构词法，利用联想，扩大词汇量。‎ ‎2、要精读和泛读相结合。加大学生的阅读量。‎ ‎3、要重视阅读质量，养成良好的阅读习惯；扩大眼幅，减少回读、默读时不出声等。‎ ‎4、要善于抓主题，把文脉，掌握一定的阅读答题技巧。‎ ‎5、应考阶段平均每天3 篇文章。但一定至少有一篇是要现场限时完成并且及时点评，不能一味地求多而不注重质量。‎ 阅读能力的提高，需要一个较长的过程，我们老师往往会要求学生多做多练，而忽视了阅读技巧的点拨，结果学生陷入了题海战术，而效果并不理想。在日常的教学中，我们应该注重阅读技巧的点拨。我还是以课例为例来谈谈阅读技巧在课文教学中的渗透。‎ 四、以课本为依托，进行循序渐进的写作训练。‎ 中考的命题依据离不开新课标、考试说明和课本三样东西，课本是载体，学生学习了三年，最为熟悉，印象最深，所以我们的复习要以课本为依据，回归课本，要灵活地利用课本，达到从词到句到篇章的上升。‎