20182019中考英语阅读专项复习——阅读理解解题技巧 11页

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解解题技巧 ‎1 分门别类识别文体 记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；‎ 议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；‎ 应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。‎ ‎2 统览全篇摘录要点 阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。‎ 在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。‎ ‎3 开动脑筋推测词意 初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：‎ ‎（1）根据上下文猜测词意。‎ ‎（2）根据构词法猜测词意。‎ 前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。‎ 后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。‎ 后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。‎ ‎4 用知识和生活经验理解短文 如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.‎ 还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题， Then they came to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth, he cried, “Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!” 据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。‎ ‎5 条分缕析理解长句 长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。‎ 如，Parents whose children show a special interest in a particularsport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.‎ 先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a decision.‎ 再找出修饰语Whose children show a special interest in a particular sport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。‎ 经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1、Rachel Carson（1907﹣1964）was a pioneer of the world's  environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural world．Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people．It describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic（有害的）chemicals on farmland．‎ Carson's career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of Fisheries．In 1951 she published her first book．The Sea Around Us，which became a bestseller．It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing．She was s gifted writer．Her next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales lists．‎ Carson's book Silent Spring completely  changed the way America thought about nature．It painted  a bleak（荒凉的） future for the whole natural world．It led to a nationwide ban（禁止）on the  use of a deadly chemical called DDT，and other toxic pesticides （农药）that farmers used for their crops．Many people say the book led to the creation of America's Environmental  Protection Agency．‎ Since her death．Carson's  name has continued to be connected with protecting the environment．There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize．Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protection．In1980，16 years  after her death，she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom，the highest civilian honour in America．‎ ‎1．What happened to Rachel Carson in1962？　　‎ A．She started to write books B．She gave up working as s biologist C．Her book The Sea Around Us sold well D．Her book Silent Spring made her famous  ‎ ‎2．What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job？　　‎ A．She got an award B．She published Silent Spring C．The Sea Around Us brought her enough money ‎ D．The US government took notice of her researches ‎ ‎3．Why is the book Silent Spring important to America's environmental protection？　　‎ A．It describes a silent spring ‎ B．It topped the book sales lists ‎ C．It changeed how America thought about nature ‎ D．It includes all Carson's research achievements ‎4．What does the underline word"It"in Paragraph 3 mean？　　‎ A．The book Silent Spring B．The way America thought ‎ C．The US Bureau of Fisheries D．America's Environmental Protection Agency ‎5．Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom？　　‎ A．She published the book silent spring B．She did a lot of researches for the US Bureau of Fisheries C．She donated much money to the Rachel Carson  Book Prize D．She made great contributions to the environmental protection．‎ ‎2、Dear Mum:‎ Today I’m going to tell you something really special. I know you work very hard and feel tired every day. ‎ Every time you come home and see the messy(杂乱的) house. I know you are very angry with me. But you always say nothing and clean up the house .I always want to help you, but I have so much homework to do. After I finish my homework, I feel like dying. I really want to help you, but I’m so tired too.‎ I also want to tell you one thing, I love you so much. I usually talk back to you when you say that I don’t study hard enough. But in fact I just want you to praise（赞扬） me more. I will try my best to get good grades and get praise from my teacher. So don’t feel frustrated （失望）about my grades, OK? I have made up my mind that I will study harder and help you to clean the house. I am serious this time. I will have my homework done faster so that I can have more energy to clean the house. I will watch TV less so that I can have more time to study and get good grades. All these things are for one reason: I want to make you happy Mum. ‎ I love you!‎ With lots of love Sally ‎ ‎(   )1.Why is Sally’s mother angry with Sally when she comes back from work?‎ A. Because she doesn’t study hard.‎ B. Because she isn’t good at English.‎ C. Because she doesn’t clean the house.‎ D. Because she doesn’t finish her homework.‎ ‎(   )2. What does Sally’s mother think about her?‎ A. She thinks Sally is very lazy.‎ B. She feels frustrated about her.‎ C. She thinks Sally studies very hard.‎ D. She thinks Sally is a bad girl.‎ ‎(   )3.What does Sally want?‎ A. Enough money              B. Enough free time C. Good grades and praise       D. Enough good food.‎ ‎(   )4.Why does Sally want to do her homework faster?‎ A. Because she will have enough time to watch TV.‎ B. Because she is interested in doing homework.‎ C. Because she has many important things to do.‎ D. Because she can have more energy to do some cleanig in her house.‎ ‎(   )35.Which of the following is WRONG?‎ A. Sally feels very tired after she finishes her homework.‎ B. Sally love her mother deeply.‎ C. Sally’s teacher feels frustrated about her.‎ D. Shally wants to make mother happy.‎ ‎3、People call the Winter Olympics the White Olympics. At this time, they publish(发行) many stamps to mark(标志) the great games. The first stamps came out on January 25th, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on(从那时起), publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.‎ During the 4th Winter Olympics, people published a group of stamps in November 1936. They drew five rings of Olympics. It was the first time that the rings appeared(出现) on the stamps of the White Olympics.‎ In the 1950s，the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as non-host countries published stamps to mark those games. China also published four stamps in February 1980 when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.‎ In Asia, Japan was the only country to hold the White Olympics. They sold 14,500 million stamps during the Olympics.‎ People drew different kinds of sports on these small stamps, and they enjoyed the wonderful sports and some excellent players.‎ ‎1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics ____.‎ A. are the same thing                           B. are different games C. are not held in winter               D. are held in summer ‎2.The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world games ____.‎ A. after the year 1936                           B. after the 3rd White Olympics C. before the 3rd White Olympics      D. before the year 1932‎ ‎3. The Winter Olympics is held(被举行) once ____.‎ A. every two years           B. every three years C. every four years          D. every five years ‎4. Which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those games.‎ B. Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those games.‎ C. All the countries can publish stamps to mark those games.‎ D. Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those games.‎ ‎5. What may appear(出现)on the stamps of the White Olympics?‎ A. Basketball.     B. Table tennis.   C. Football.            D. Skating.‎ ‎4、   The United States has many different kinds of climates（气候）. On the northwest coast（海岸）, the temperature changes very little between summer and winter, but the north central（中部的）states have a very different kind of climate. In those states, people wear light clothes in summer, and they need heavy woolen clothes in winter. ‎ ‎    In the southwest coast, the climate is rainy and warm during the winter, but the summer is dry and hot. ‎ ‎    In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool. ‎ ‎    Years ago, people in the cold parts of the United States didn’t often get fresh （新鲜的）vegetables and fresh fruits during the summer. Today, however（然而），trucks and trains carry fruits and vegetables very quickly to all parts of the United States. In this way, Americans “send their climates” to people in other states. ‎ ‎  1. The summer and winter temperatures are almost the same _________. ‎ ‎    A. in the northeastern states ‎ ‎    B. on the north central states ‎ ‎    C. in the western states ‎ ‎    D. on the northwest coast ‎ ‎  2. The word“fall”in this passage means ________. ‎ ‎    A. drop     B. down     C. autumn       D. spring ‎  3. Today people ___________ can get fresh vegetables and fruits. ‎ ‎    A. in the north central states ‎ ‎    B. in every part of the U.S.A.‎ ‎    C. in the cold parts of the U.S.A. ‎ ‎    D. in the southwest part of the U.S.A. ‎ ‎  4. From this passage we know that the climate of the United States _________. ‎ ‎    A. is always very cold ‎ ‎    B. is warm in winter ‎ ‎    C. is widely different ‎ ‎    D. changes very little between summer and winter ‎ ‎  5. From Paragraph 2 we know that the climate of the southwest coast is ________. ‎ ‎    A. Maritime（海洋性）climate ‎    B. Savanna（热带草原）climate ‎    C. Mediterranean（地中海）climate ‎    D. Tropical rainforest（热带雨林）climate ‎5、Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain.” Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed . We couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience (耐力).‎ Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing . I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds’ singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that mountain, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like in life.”‎ At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence. I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal (水晶).‎ ‎1. The passage tells us that mountain-climbing was _____for Father and Son.‎ A. hard         B. enjoyable    C. painful      D. comfortable ‎2. The word “quit” in the passage means “______”.‎ A. carry on     B. put off C. give up D. pick up ‎3. Which of the following is the closest (最接近的) in meaning to the father’s words in the second paragraph?‎ A. You will get all you need at the top of the mountain.‎ B. The sky is always as clear as crystal.‎ C. You can find life is full of nice things.‎ D. Never give up half-way.‎ ‎4. We can infer (推断) from the last paragraph that ______.‎ A. the writer was very successful in his life B. the writer reached the top of the mountain C. though the writer was young, he could understand his father D. the writer used to stop half-way when he climbed the mountain ‎5. The best title (题目) for the passage is “______”.‎ A. Reaching the Top of the Mountain ‎ B. Standing at the Top of the Mountain C. Conversations between Father and Son ‎ D. How to Get to the Top of the Mountain ‎6、Kate: I like running very much. It’s good exercise. My parents both like running, too. We usually get up early in the morning and run together. It is good for one's legs, heart and lungs. It helps one to have a strong body. Mum says  that she should thank running because it helps her to get thinner. Running is fun. It can make one happy. There are many different ways for one to run. One can run in a school or in a park. One can join a running club to run and make new friends, too.‎ Chen Feng: I like ball games, like foot-ball, basketball and tennis. And basketball is my favorite. I often play basketball with my friends on Sunday mornings when we are free and the weather is nice. I joined my school team last year. And I can play it very well now. There is going to be a basketball game between No. 1 Middle School and our school in our school next Saturday. Many students are going to cheer us on. Our teacher says that she will buy some presents for us if we win. I hope we can win the game.‎ ‎(   )1. Kate and his parents usually ______ together in the morning.‎ ‎     A. leave home           B. run           C. play games           D. have breakfast ‎(   )2. Kate's mother thinks that ________.‎ ‎     A. running is cool                          B. Kate dislikes running ‎     C. running is as popular as swimming          D. running makes her get thinner ‎(   )3. Chen Feng _______.‎ ‎     A. likes football best                                    B. hopes to win the football game ‎     C. is a member of the school basketball team ‎     D. plays basketball with his friends on the mornings of weekends ‎(   )4. Chen Feng's teacher is going to _______ if Chen Feng's team wins the game.‎ ‎     A. tell them a story                                         B. buy some presents for them ‎     C. sing a song for them                      D. cook delicious food for them ‎ ‎(   )5. Both Chen Feng and Kate _______.‎ ‎     A. like sports                                                 B. want to make new friends ‎     C. like ball games                             D. are middle school teachers ‎ ‎7、Welcome to London! Now let me tell you something about this wonderful city. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is the biggest city in Western Europe with over 7 million people. It sits by the River Thames. London has a history ‎ of more than 2000 years. Because all over the world are familiar with the city's red doubledecker (双层的) buses and black taxis.‎ People ‎ The British Empire used to rule around the world, so many people from around the world moved to London. They have brought with them their own languages and cultures. More than 300 different languages are spoken in London.‎ Culture London is known for its museums. One important museum is British Museum. It is the oldest public museum in the world. There are two main art museums in London: the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery. Besides, London is also home to arts, such as theatre and music. The Globe Theatre, which was popular in the late 16th and 17th centuries, was opened for performances of William Shakespeare's central London. ‎ Tourist attractions London has many wonderful places to visit. For example, the wellknown Clock Tower, a 320foothigh tower, was called the Big Ben. Another famous London building is Buckingham Palace. The members of royal (皇家的) family of England live there. Besides, Hyde Park is the largest open area in central London. ‎ ‎(   ) 1. What's the population of London?‎ A. Less than 7 million.        B. Only 7 million. ‎ C. More than 7 million.       D. Nearly 7 million. ‎ ‎(   ) 2. How many museums are there in London according to the passage?‎ A. two         B. three       C. four        D. five ‎(   ) 3. The members of royal family of England live in ________. ‎ A. the Big Ben            B. Buckingham Palace C. Hyde Park             D. British Museum ‎(   ) 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) in the passage?‎ A. The Location of London. ‎ B. The history of London. ‎ C. The interesting places in London. ‎ D. The food in London. ‎ ‎(   ) 5. From the passage, we can know that ________. ‎ A. more than 300 different languages are spoken in London B. the Globe Theatre has less than 300 years' history C. the Big Ben is a 320foothigh clock D. London is the biggest city in Europe ‎8、Can you imagine a pair of shoes that could tie themselves? All you would have to do is to put them on and push a ‎ button(按钮).Well,this idea is becoming a real reality.The shoe company Nike created the self-tying shoe!‎ This idea first came from the movie Back to the FutureⅡ,and Nike has been working for years to create(创造) a shoe that can do this in real life.They have finally done it with Nike Hyper Adapt 1.0.‎ So how do they work? According to Nike,the shoe is “powered by an underfoot-lacing mechanism(脚下系带装置)”.This is kind of like a small motor(发动机)that has the power to lace the shoes.‎ All the wearer has to do is to put them on, and at first,the shoes are very loose(松的).But then you can push the “+”button, and the shoes will tighten to be the perfect fit for the wearer.To take them off, all you have to do is to push the “-”button,and the shoes will be easily off.‎ They haven’t been released to the public yet,and the cost of the shoes is still unknown.But you might be able to get a pair of your own closer to the holiday season this year.‎ ‎1. The best title to describe the main idea of the passage is“”.‎ A. Shoes of the future are coming themselves B. Shoes of the future are now a reality       ‎ C. The shoe company Nike and its movie D. Shoes and movies are doing their work ‎2. When did the shoe company Nike start creating the self-tying shoe? ‎ A. Not until the imagination came into being.  ‎ B. Soon after the shoe company Nike was found.‎ C. After the movie Back to the FutureⅡwas shown. ‎ D. Before the movie Back to the FutureⅡwas shown. ‎ ‎3. What makes the self-tying shoe work?‎ A. An underfoot-lacing mechanism.B. The power from Nike.‎ C. Nike Hyper Adapt 1.0.                      D. Setting a small button with a motor.‎ ‎4. The first thing for the wearer to do after putting the shoes on is to .‎ A. make them loose          B. make the perfect fit C. push the “-”button        D. push the “+”button ‎9、Without proper planning, tourism(旅游业） can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the local people of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the local people become unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy(经济). It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance(推进) the well-being (health and happiness) of local people.‎ Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism ‎ industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.‎ On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a lot of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel will lose money.‎ Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.‎ ‎1. What is probably the reason if local people dislike tourists?‎ A. Tourists come to enjoy the customs and beauty.‎ B. Local people lose jobs. ‎ C. A lot of hotels are built.‎ D. Too many tourists cause traffic problems.‎ ‎2. What can we do to solve the problems caused by tourism?‎ A. Make plans properly.  B. Help the country’s economy.‎ C. Build fewer hotels.   D. Advance the well-being of local people. ‎ ‎3. If tourism grows too quickly, ___________.‎ A. businesses will lose money  ‎ B. other parts of the country’s economy will make more money ‎ C. local people will be happier D. more local people will work for tourists.  ‎ ‎4. If the writer wants to add Paragraph 5 to the passage, he may tell us ________.‎ A. whether people need to build more hotels  ‎ B. whether people need to plan tourism properly ‎ C. how to deal with the problems above D. how to prevent tourism growing too quickly 参考答案 ‎1、1D  2C  3C  4A  5D ‎2、 CBCDC    ‎ ‎3、ABCCD ‎ ‎4、 DCBCC ‎5、B C D A A ‎6、 BDCBA       ‎ ‎7、1C 2B 3B 4D 5A ‎8、1B   2C   3A   4D   ‎ ‎9、1D 2A 3D 4C ‎