中考英语模拟试题一附答案和解析 12页

‎2018中考英语模拟训练（一）‎ 一、完形填空：先阅读短文，然后从每小题的四个选项中选出一个可以填入短文中相应空白处的最佳选项。 ‎ ‎ A March 22nd is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on (号召) us to 1 and protect water. Today, we’re facing terrible water problems. Among them, wastewater problem is especially 2 . And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is “wastewater”.‎ ‎ What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, factories, hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing the machines, taking showers and using the kitchen. The rain also 3 wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have 4 harmful in it.‎ ‎ ___5___ must we treat (处理) wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence on our life. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own 6 .‎ ‎ How can we treat wastewater? Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater 7 homes can be reused. Then there will be less wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned 8 it goes back to nature.‎ ‎( )1. A. drink B. save C. carry D. watch ‎( )2. A. easy B. popular C. small D. serious ‎( )3. A. gets back B. hands in C. changes into D. picks up ‎( )4. A. nothing B. something C. nobody D. somebody ‎( )5. A. What B. Who C. Why D. How ‎( )6. A. work B. interest C. health D. business ‎( )7. A. on B. for C. with D. from ‎( )8. A. and B. whether C. after D. before ‎ B Mulin is a small boy from Hubei．He is a（n）　 9　boy．His parents divorced（离婚）when he was two years old．He lived with his 　10 and grandmother．At the age of 5，his father died of heart disease．He had to live with his grandmother．Unfortunately，there was 　11 wrong with his grandmother's head．He 　12 his grandmother well．At the same time，he got good grades at school．When he was ten，he took his grandmother to see a 13 in Wuhan with some people's help．They lived in Wuhan for a month．He had 　 14 time to go out because he had to look after his grandmother．‎ He called 15 a "Sunshine Boy"．He 16 happy every day．But when the reporter asked him 17 he was really so happy．He said he wasn't．He didn't want to show his unhappiness to his grandmother．He told the reporter that when he was unhappy，he wrote the unhappy things on the paper with which he folded a model 18 ．When the plane flew away，he felt relaxed．‎ When the reporter asked him if he felt sorry to 19 so many lessons because of going to Wuhan，he said the lessons he missed could be learned later，but if his grandmother missed the best time to cure（治疗），there would be nothing to get the chance 20 ．‎ What a good boy! We should learn from him．‎ ‎( )9. A. lucky B. unlucky C. polite D. impolite ‎( )10. A. mother B. father C. sister D. brother ‎( )11. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎( )12. A. looked at B. looked up C. looked for D. looked after ‎( )13. A. film B. program C. doctor D. friend ‎( )14. A. few B. much C. many D. little ‎( )15. A. he B. himself C. she D. herself ‎( )16. A. smelt B. tasted C. looked D. felt ‎ ‎( )17. A. that B. if C. where D. why ‎( )18. A. bike B. train C. plane D. ship ‎( )19. A. get B. catch C. miss D. forget ‎( )20. A. back B. up C. off D. down 二、阅读理解：A—C篇，先阅读图表或短文，然后从每小题的四个选项中选出一个与图标或短文内容相符的最佳选项；D篇，先阅读短文，然后根据短文内容，从文后所给的五个句子中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。 ‎ A All through the winter, the Esquimaux(爱斯基摩人) live in houses made of snow. These small houses are very clean and white when they are new. They can soon turn dirty, but pieces of fresh snow make them new again.‎ ‎ Sometimes the Esquimaux build their small houses with the wood that they find along the seaside. However, they aren’t always so lucky. When they can’t get wood, they use the snow. It is so cold that the snow becomes very hard, so the small houses are strong enough in the whole winter. The windows of these houses are not made of glass, but of ice.‎ When the warm weather comes, the houses become water slowly. The Esquimaux get wet as they lie in bed, and often catch a cold. They are glad to get away from the small snow houses and live in their tens during the summer.‎ ‎( )21. The Esquimaux live in houses made of _______ all through the winter.‎ A. glass B. snow C. paper D. grass ‎( )22. Sometimes the Esquimaux build their small houses with the wood that they find ______.‎ ‎ A. in the river B. in the snow ‎ C. along the seaside D. in the mountains ‎( )23. The Esquimaux live in their tents when ________.21·cn·om A. the snow houses are dirty B. it is summer ‎ C. they get some wood D. it is spring B ‎ Students in our school have a colorful school life. We have School Activity Week every year, On the wall of the teaching building are the posters from Grade 7, Grade 8 and Grade 9. Let’s go and have a look!‎ Be a Good Reader!‎ Time: 13:30-16:30, Apr. 10th Place: Reading Hall ‎★Improve your reading skills and get new ways of reading.‎ Invite Your Father to Join Us!‎ Time: 09:00-12:00, Apr. 12th Place: Meeting Hall ‎★Join in the one-month “stop Raise Money for Children!‎ Time: 14:00-17:00, Apr. 14th Place: School Playground ‎★Save 30% on everything.‎ ‎★Learn more about nature.‎ ‎★Increase your knowledge and make new friends.‎ For Free!‎ Grade Seven ‎ smoking” challenge ‎★Know about how to give up smoking ‎★Ask your father to join us!‎ For Health!‎ Grade Eight ‎★Come and buy pens, dictionary and other school things.‎ ‎★Look forward to your coming.‎ For Children!‎ Grade Nine ‎( )24. The “stop smoking” challenge lasts ________.‎ ‎ A. one week B. one month C. on term D. one year ‎( )25. When we take part in the activity on Apr. 10th, we can do the following activities expect _______.2-1-c-n-j-y ‎ A. buying school things B. getting new ways of reading【出处：21‎ ‎ C. improving reading skills D. learning more about nature ‎( )26. If a pen in the shop is ten yuan, we can pay only ______ yuan for it in our school on Apr. 14th.‎ ‎ A. eight B. seven C. three D. two ‎ C China has been famous around the world since ancient times. In the past, we had the Four Great Inventions. Nowadays, more inventions and creations have made China stronger and greater in the world.‎ On May 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, China’s first large homemade jet airliner(喷气式客机), the C919, took off successfully for the first time. It has taken about ten years for the scientists and researchers to make this Chinese dream come true, It’s a pride of the whole nation. So far, more than 23 companies have already ordered 570 C919 planes from China. But we still have a long way to go before the C919 carries passengers by 2020. It also faces the challenge of competing with the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737.‎ What’s more, China is working on the new high-speed trains with the highest speed of 400 km/h. It will be ready by 2020. The new trains are expected to push area cooperation(合作) and create new business for China and foreign countries. Many countries, especially the ones in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways with the help of China. They’d like to get support in technology from China.‎ China has made great progress in both science and technology. And it makes a great contribution(贡献) to human, too. All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people, even of the people around the world.‎ ‎( )27. The C919 will have a competition with _______ and the new Boeing B737.‎ A. the Airbus A320 B. the Boeing B777 ‎ C. the Airbus A380 D. the Boeing B787‎ ‎( )28. From the passage, we know that many countries in ______are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways.‎ ‎ ① Southeast Asia ② North America ③ Eastern Europe ‎ ④ Central Asia ⑤ South America ⑥ the Middle East ‎ A. ①③④⑤ B. ①③④⑥ C. ②③④⑤ D. ②④⑤⑥‎ ‎( )29. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Over 32 companies ordered 570 C919 planes from China.‎ B. Successfully, the C919 took off for the first time on May 5th, 2017.‎ C. Many countries in Central Asia help China build high-speed rail lines.‎ D. The high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h can carry more passengers.‎ ‎( )30. The passage mainly wants to tell us _______.‎ ‎ A. the Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than before ‎ B. the four Great Inventions makes China strong and great in the world ‎ C. China has increased the international influence with its development ‎ D. China has produced the new high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h ‎ D From the Other Side Lara and Tara are twins．（31）　 　 but they are very different in everything else．For example，hot food is Lara's favorite，and Tara has a sweet choice．‎ However，this isn't the problem with the twin girls．They always argued that the opposite one was wrong． （32）　 　，while Tara insisted that mornings were fresh and it was difficult to stay up till midnight．‎ ‎（33）　 　．To put an end to their fights，their parents decided to create　a small drama．They wanted the girls to understand that they were both correct from their own point of view．Their parents covered the girls 'eyes with black ribbons，and brought them to the dining room．（34）　 　Lara was asked to stand on one side of the board and Tara on the other．They couldn't see the other side of it．When the ribbons were taken away，they were surprised to see a huge board between them．‎ Now，their father asked Lara，"What's the color of the board？"She replied，"It's black!"（35）　 　．She replied，"It's white!" The two girls began to argue again．While Lara was confident it was black，Tara was sure it was white．Then，they were asked to exchange（交换）their places．They couldn't believe their eyes．Tara，who insisted it was a white board，saw a black one．Similarly，Lara，who argued the board was　black，was shocked to see a white one．They understood that each of them was right in her own view．‎ Most of us are like Lara and Tara．We are right most times，but insist that others are wrong!‎ A．They look like each other B．For years，their arguments continued C．Their mother asked Tara the same question D．In the room，a big board was placed in the middle E．Lara thought it was terrible to get up early in the morning．‎ 三、综合填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I once had an unforgettable experience that has affected and directed the way I think and act now.‎ When I was about seven years old, my grandfather 36 (take) me to a fish pond on a farm and told me to throw a stone into the water. He told me to watch the circles created 37 the stone. Then he asked me to think of myself as that stone. ‎ ‎“You may create lots of circles in your life, but the waves 38 come from those circles will disturb（干扰）the peace of all the people around you,” he said 39 (serious). “Remember that your circle may spread to many other circles, meaning that your thoughts or actions may disturb others’ 40 (life). You are responsible for what you put in your circle. If you want, the good or peace that comes from your circle 41 (send) to others. At the same time, the anger or jealousy（嫉妒）coming from your circle will also spread to other circles. You should allow the good feelings 42 (influence) others, not the bad ones, because you are responsible for both.”‎ That was the 43 (one) time I heard my grandfather tell me these. I had realized that each person’s 44 (happy) or anger can move out into the world. If we are filled with doubt or anger, we cannot create world peace. We spread the feelings and thoughts that we hold inside, whether we speak about 45 (they) or not. These circles are spreading into the world, creating beauty or making troubles to other circles of life.‎ ‎36._______ 37.________ 38.______ 39._______ 40.________‎ ‎41._______ 42._______ 43.______ 44._______ 45._______‎ 四、书面表达。‎ 微笑是人类最美的语言。某英文报以“Smiles”为题，举办中学生征文活动。请根据下面的图标信息，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：微笑的力量、你的微笑故事以及故事给予你的启示。‎ 提示：1、短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；‎ ‎ 2、短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；‎ ‎ 3、词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Power of smiles (get on well, bring good luck,… ) Your own story about smiles Smiles ‎ ‎ What you’ve learnt from the story ?‎ Smiles A smile is the most beautiful language of human beings. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案和解析： ‎ 一、完型填空。‎ ‎ A ‎【答案】1-5 BDCBC 6-8 CDD ‎【短文分析】本文介绍污水的产生及对人的危害和处理，号召人们节约用水。考查学生对文章的整体综合理解能力和上下文逻辑推理的能力。‎ ‎1.【析】考查动词。根据大意介绍知道是节约和保护水资源，故选B。‎ ‎2.【析】考查形容词。从后一句污水是2017年的主题，因此知道是最严重的问题，选D。‎ ‎3.【析】考查动词短语，根据also知道是与前面相同的是下雨也产生污水，故选C。A是回来、收回，B是上交，D是拾起、支付、（开车）带人，均不合文意。‎ ‎4.【析】考查代词。污水是对人有伤害的，排除A和C，it是指污水，它里面应该是物质而不是人，故选B。‎ ‎5.【析】考查疑问词。根据后面的回答，均是原因，即为什么必须进行浅水处理？故选C。该句有主语和宾语，当然排除A和B。‎ ‎6.【析】考查名词。既然污水对人体与环境有危害，那么我们就应该关心环境与身体健康，故选C，其它均不合文意。‎ ‎7.【析】考查介词。家中的污水进行再次使用，故选D，这可以根据41空前知道答案。‎ ‎8.【析】考查连词。工厂在排放污水前应该进行处理清洁，以减少对环境的污染，故选D。‎ B ‎【答案】9-10 BB 11-15 ADCDB 16-20 CBCCA ‎【短文分析】本文是一篇记叙文．文中讲述了来自湖北的一个小男孩为了给奶奶看病而不惜落下很多功课．功课落下了以后还可以再补，但错过为奶奶治病的最佳治疗时间，则是终生难以弥补的。完形填空是以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，要以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础的．‎ ‎9.【析】考查形容词辨析．lucky幸运的，unlucky不幸的，polite有礼貌的，impolite没有礼貌的，结合下文的his parents divorced及his father died of…等事件可知这是个不幸的孩子，故选B．‎ ‎10.【析】考查名词．结合下文his father died of heart disease．He had to live with his grandmother．可知父母离婚后他和爸爸及奶奶一起生活．故选B．‎ ‎11.【析】考查不定代词．something某事，通常用于肯定句，anything任何事情，通常用于否定句和疑问句，nothing什么也没有，表示否定意义，everything每样东西，根据前文的unfortunately（不幸的是），可知奶奶的头有毛病，故选A．‎ ‎12.【析】考查动词短语．look at看；look up在字典中查询；look for寻找；look after照看，结合上文可知，奶奶的头有毛病，他把奶奶照看得很好，故选D．‎ ‎13.【析】考查名词辨析．film电影，program节目，doctor医生，friend朋友，结合下文记者对他的采访可知他带奶奶到武汉是来看医生的，故选C．‎ ‎14.【析】考查形容词辨析．few几乎没有多少，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义；much很多，修饰不可数名词；many很多，修饰可数名词复数，little几乎没有多少，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义，结合下文…because he had to look after his grandmother．可知他几乎没时间外出，故选D．‎ ‎15.【析】 考查代词辨析．句子主语为he，故可知他称自己为"阳光男孩"．故选：B．‎ ‎16.【析】考查动词辨析．smelt闻起来，tasted尝起来，looked看起来，felt感觉，结合上文他称自己为"阳光男孩"，因此他每天都看上去很高兴，故选C．‎ ‎17.【析】考查宾语从句引导词．that连接陈述句，没有意义，有时可以省略；where哪里，强调地点状语，why为什么，强调原因，if是否，连接一般疑问句，结合下文He said he wasn't．可知记者问的是"他每天是否真的如此高兴"，故选B．‎ ‎18.【析】考查名词辨析．bike自行车，train火车，plane飞机，ship轮船，结合下文，When the plane flew away，he…可知烦闷时，就把不高兴的事情写在纸上，然后叠成小飞机，放飞飞机．故选C．‎ ‎19.【析】考查动词辨析．get得到，catch抓住，miss错过，forget忘记，结合下文because of going to Wuhan可知他肯定落下了很多功课，故选C．‎ ‎20.【析】考查副词辨析．back回来，up向上，off离开，down向下，get back意为"取回；拿回"，结合句意"如果他奶奶错过了最佳治疗时间，将不会有任何东西能换回这样的机会"．故选：A．‎ 二、阅读理解 A ‎【答案】21-23 BCB ‎【短文大意】本文介绍爱斯基摩人的生活居住环境和条件。‎ ‎21.【析】细节题。根据第一段第一句的the Esquimaux(爱斯基摩人) live in houses made of snow得到答案B。‎ ‎22.【析】细节题。根据第二段的第一句得到答案C。‎ ‎23.【析】细节题。根据最后一段的最后句live in their tens during the summer得到答案B。‎ B ‎【答案】24-26 BAB ‎【短文大意】介绍三个年级在4月份各自开展的课外活动周。‎ ‎24.【析】细节题。根据题干知道是八年级的活动，从中找到the one-month知道答案B。‎ ‎25.【析】信息归纳题。根据Apr. 10th知道是七年级活动，对照比较活动内容，知道A答案是九年级的内容，故答案是A。‎ ‎26.【析】简单计算题。根据pen知道是九年级活动，再根据Save 30%知道付款70%，因此计算得到7元，答案是B。‎ C ‎【答案】27-30 ABBC ‎【短文大意】以航空和高铁为两例介绍中国现代科技技术在当前世界的地位和发展。‎ ‎27.【析】细节题。根据It also faces the challenge of competing with the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737.得答案A。2·1·c·n·j·y ‎28.【析】细节题，根据especially the ones in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways with the help of China.得答案B。‎ ‎29.【析】细节归纳题。根据more than 23 companies have already ordered 570 C919 planes from China.知道A不对；根据第二段第一句话知道B正确；根据57题知道C不对；根据第三段内容没有涉及高铁多装顾客，故D是错误的。‎ ‎30.【析】主旨题。选项A文章中没有涉及，错误；选项B是指过去而不是现在，根据第一段和最后一段，结合短文大意，判断是错误；选项C根据最后一段关键词science 和technology及后面表述，知道它是正确的；选项D只是表述第三段的某一事实，不能概括全文，错误。‎ D ‎【答案】31-35 AEBDC ‎【短文大意】这是一篇人物故事类阅读，主要介绍劳拉和塔拉这对双胞胎对事情经常有不同的看法，父母通过一个实验让她们明白，她们都是站在自己的立场上看别人，都以为自己是对的，但是换个角度也许你的看法不一定对，因此我们不要只站在自己的角度看待问题，要多些理解和宽容．‎ ‎31.【析】 根据上句Lara and Tara are twins．劳拉和塔拉是双胞胎．及下句but they are very different in everything else．但她们在其他方面都大不相同．可知，中间应该是"她们长得很像．"，选A．‎ ‎32.【析】 根据上句They always argued that the opposite one was wrong． 他们总是争辩对方是错误的．及下句while Tara insisted that mornings were fresh and it was difficult to stay up till midnight．塔拉坚持说早晨很新鲜，很难熬到午夜．可知，中间应该是"劳拉认为早上早起很可怕．"，选E．‎ ‎33.【析】 根据下句To put an end to their fights，their parents decided to create　a small drama．为了结束争吵，他们的父母决定上演一出小剧．可知，上句应该是"多年来，他们的争论仍在继续．"，选B．‎ ‎34.【析】 根据上句and brought them to the dining room．把他们带到餐厅．及下句Lara was asked to stand on one side of the board and Tara on the other．劳拉被要求站在木板的一边，塔拉站在另一边．可知，中间应该是"在房间里，中间放了一块大木板．"，选D．‎ ‎35.【析】 根据上句Now，their father asked Lara，"What's the color of the board？"She replied，"It's black!"现在，他们的父亲问劳拉："这块木板是什么颜色的？"她回答说，"它 是黑色的！"．及下句She replied，"It's white!"她回答说："它是白色的！"．可知，中间应该是"他们的母亲问塔拉同样的问题．"，选C．‎ 三、综合填空 ‎【答案】36. took 37. by 38. that 39. seriously 40. lives 41. will be sent ‎ ‎42. to influence 43. first 44. happiness 45. them ‎ ‎【短文大意】本文作者叙述了七岁时随爷爷在水塘玩耍的一次经历。爷爷借小石子落水后形成的圆圈教育作者，每个人都会产生喜悦或愤怒的小圈圈，而这些小圈圈的波动都会对别人产生相应的影响。所以，为了他人美好而宁静的生活，我们一定要把自己内心良好的情感和思想传播出去。这是作者一次难忘的经历，影响了作者现在的思考和行为方式。‎ 四、书面表达 首先是审题，Smiles，1、Power of smiles；2、your own story about smiles；‎ ‎3、 What you’ve learnt from the story ?‎ 根据题意列出提纲，分3段，并加上首句和结尾句，使用when句型，afterwards, so、if等关联词，再加上一些好词好句美化文章，可以使用定语从句、宾语从句等，最后检查无误后，工整地抄写在答题卡上。值得注意的是：所有要点必须一个不漏。‎ Smiles A smile is the most beautiful language of human beings. A smile shows you are kind and friendly. It helps you get on well with others. It also brings good luck and makes others feel warm.‎ When I was in Grade 6, a new student came to our class. He did badly in schoolwork. No one talked with him. He felt very lonely. When I learnt this, each time I met him, I gave him a big smile. Afterwards, he often asked me questions about study. We became good friends and he did better in his study. He said it was my smile that made him more confident and outgoing. ‎ Smiles are so important to our life, so let’s try to smile more. If we smile to life, life will smile back to us. ‎ ‎　‎ 庄子云：“人生天地之间，若白驹过隙，忽然而已。”是呀，春秋置换，日月交替，这从指尖悄然划过的时光，没有一点声响，没有一刻停留，仿佛眨眼的功夫，半生已过。‎ ‎　　人活在世上，就像暂时寄宿于尘世，当生命的列车驶到终点，情愿也罢，不情愿也罢，微笑也罢，苦笑也罢，都不得不向生命挥手作别。‎ ‎　　我们无法挽住时光的脚步，无法改变人生的宿命。但我们可以拿起生活的画笔，把自己的人生涂抹成色彩靓丽的颜色。‎ ‎　　生命如此短暂，岂容随意挥霍！只有在该辛勤耕耘的时候播洒汗水，一程风雨后，人生的筐篓里才能装满硕果。‎ ‎　　就算是烟花划过天空，也要留下短暂的绚烂。只有让这仅有一次的生命丰盈充实，才不枉来尘世走一遭。雁过留声，人过留名，这一趟人生旅程，总该留下点儿什么！‎ ‎　　生活是柴米油盐的平淡，也是行色匆匆的奔波。一粥一饭来之不易，一丝一缕物力维艰。‎ ‎　　前行的路上，有风也有雨。有时候，风雨扑面而来，打在脸上，很疼，可是，我们不能向生活低头认输，咬牙抹去脸上的雨水，还有泪水，甩开脚步，接着向前。‎ ‎　　我们需要呈现最好的自己给世界，需要许诺最好的生活给家人。所以，生活再累，不能后退。即使生活赐予我们一杯不加糖的苦咖啡，皱一皱眉头，也要饮下。‎ ‎　　人生是一场跋涉，也是一场选择。我们能抵达哪里，能看到什么样的风景，能成为什么样的人，都在于我们的选择。‎ ‎　　如果我们选择面朝大海，朝着阳光的方向挥手微笑，我们的世界必会收获一片春暖花开。如果我们选择小桥流水，在不动声色的日子里种篱修菊，我们的世界必会收获一隅静谧恬淡。‎ ‎　　选择临风起舞，我们就是岁月的勇者；选择临阵脱逃，我们就是生活的懦夫。‎ ‎　　没有淌不过去的河，就看我们如何摆渡。没有爬不过去的山，就看我们何时启程。‎ ‎　　德国哲学家尼采说：“每一个不曾起舞的日子，都是对生命的辜负。”让我们打开朝着晨光的那扇窗，迎阳光进来，在每一个日出东海的日子，无论是鲜衣怒马少年时，还是宠辱不惊中年时，都活出自己的明媚和精彩。‎ ‎　　时间会带来惊喜，只要我们不忘记为什么出发，不忘记以梦为马，岁月一定会对我们和颜悦色，前方也一定会有意想不到的惊喜。‎ ‎　　人生忽如寄，生活多苦辛。‎ ‎　　短暂的生命旅程，‎ ‎　　别辜负时光，别辜负自己。‎ ‎　　愿我们每一个人自律、阳光、勤奋，‎ ‎　　活成自己喜欢的模样，‎ ‎　　活成一束光，‎