中考常考单词和短语 23页

‎【中考】常考单词和短语具体用法大总结（1）‎ ‎1. cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事 ：‎ It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .‎ 某人花钱买某物 ：‎ sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth.= sth cost sb . some money .‎ 注意：‎ ‎⑴ cost 和 pay 只指花费钱，take 只指花费时间，spend 可以指花费钱也可以指花费时间。‎ ‎⑵ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物，take 一般用于 It takes sb some time to do sth. 句型中。‎ ‎2. thanks for 为…...而感谢 Thanks for inviting me to your birthday party .‎ 谢谢你邀请我来你的生日聚会。‎ thanks to 多亏/由于 Thanks to your help. I got good grades .‎ 幸亏你的帮助，我才取得好成绩。‎ ‎3. 多么…...‎ what + 名词；how + 形容词/ 副词 What bad weather ！多么糟糕的天气啊！‎ How hard he works ！ 他工作多么努力啊！‎ What fresh vegetables ！ 多么新鲜的蔬菜啊！‎ How cute a monkey it is ！ 它是一只多么可爱的猴子啊！‎ ‎4 . 因为......；由于......‎ because（连词）+从句 because of（介词短语）+ 名词（短语）‎ I didn’t go to school because I had a headache.‎ 因为我头疼，所以我没去上学。‎ He was late for class because of the bad weather .‎ 由于糟糕的天气，他上课迟到了。‎ 注意：because和 so不能同时连用 。‎ ‎5 . 来自 be from = come from Where are you from ？ = Where do you come from？‎ 你来自哪里？‎ ‎6 .How often 多久一次（对频率提问）‎ How long 多久（对一段时间提问）‎ How soon多久以后 （对将来时间提问）‎ How far 多长（询问多长距离）‎ ‎— How long have you been collecting the kites ？‎ 你收集风筝多长时间了？‎ ‎—For ten years. ‎ 十年了。‎ ‎— How often do you go shopping ？‎ 你多久购物一次？ ‎ ‎—Sometimes.‎ 有时。‎ ‎— How soon will your father come back ？‎ 你爸爸多久以后回来？‎ ‎—In two years.两 年后。‎ ‎— How far is it from your home to school ？‎ 从你家到学校多远？‎ ‎—About ten miles.‎ 大概十英里。‎ ‎7 . 乘坐交通工具 take a / the +交通工具 by+交通工具=on a 交通工具 交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...‎ He takes a bus to bank.= He goes to bank by bus.‎ 他乘坐公共汽车去银行。‎ 注意：骑自行车、马或驴用ride ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey ‎8 . 对不起 Excuse me （劳驾，客套话）‎ Sorry （表示道歉）‎ Excuse me. Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ？‎ 打扰一下，成都的天府广场在哪里？‎ ‎—Don’t eat in class.‎ 不要在课堂上吃东西。‎ ‎—Sorry. Ms Clark .‎ 对不起，Clark小姐。‎ ‎9 . 声音 sound （自然界的各种声音）‎ noise（噪音）‎ voice（人的嗓音）‎ Lucy has a sweet voice.‎ 露西有甜美的嗓音。‎ Don’t make noise.‎ 不要制造噪音。‎ ‎10. 像......‎ look like （外貌看起来像… ）‎ be like （性格像… ）‎ ‎—Lily look like Lucy .‎ 莉莉长得像露西。‎ ‎—Oh ， they are twins.‎ 哦，她们是双胞胎。‎ Tony is like a monkey because he is cute and playful .‎ 托尼像只猴子，因为他可爱又爱玩耍。‎ ‎11. 拿， 带 take… to … 带去 bring…to …带来 fetch 取来 （强调一个来回）‎ Tony , fetch the ball here. Please.‎ 托尼，请把那个球取来。‎ My father often takes me to concerts on Sundays.‎ 周日，爸爸经常带我去听音乐会。‎ Bring your homework to school tomorrow.‎ 明天，把你的作业带到学校来。‎ ‎12. 一些 some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 I’d like some milk.‎ ‎—Would you like some yogurt ？‎ 你想要一些酸奶吗？‎ ‎—Thanks . I don’t want any.‎ 谢谢，不用了。‎ 注意：在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some。‎ ‎13. 多少 How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 How much juice do you want ？‎ 你想要多少果汁？‎ How many apples do you want ？‎ 你想要多少苹果？‎ 注意：How much可对价钱提问：‎ How much are the potatoes ？‎ 这些土豆多少钱？‎ ‎14. 看 see 强调看的结果 look （at ）不及物动词，强调看的动作 watch 观看（带有观赏性质）‎ read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志 Don’t read in bed.‎ 不要在床上看书。‎ We will watch a basketball game this evening.‎ 今天晚上，我们将去看一场篮球比赛。‎ Please look at the blackboard. Everyone.‎ 大家请看黑板。‎ I saw a bird in the tree yesterday.‎ 昨天，我看到一只鸟在树上。‎ ‎15. 停止做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 The girl soon stopped crying.‎ 这个女孩不久就不哭了。‎ He was tired and stopped to have a rest.‎ 他很累，停下来休息一下。‎ ‎【中考】60个历年常考单词和短语用法大总结（2）初中英语 ‎16. forget/remember forget / remember to do sth:忘记/记得去做某事（未做）‎ forget/remember doing sth:忘记/记得做过某事（做过）‎ He forgot to turn off the light.‎ 他忘记关灯了。（未关）‎ Remember to go to the post office after school.‎ 记得放学后去邮局。（未去）‎ He forgot turning off the light.‎ 他忘记关了灯。（已关）‎ Don’t you remember seeing the man before ？‎ 难道你不记得之前见过这个人吗？（见过）‎ 17. 到达…...‎ reach + 地点 get to + 地点 arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 He reached London yesterday.= He got to London yesterday.=He arrived in London yesterday.‎ 他昨天到的伦敦。‎ She arrived at the bus station just now.‎ 她刚才到达了公交站。‎ You should get home on time.‎ 你应该按时到家。‎ 注意：当get和arrive后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home/there 等。‎ ‎18. 擅长，在…...方面做得好 be good at = do well in She is good at chemistry.=She does well in chemistry.‎ 她擅长化学。‎ Niuniu is good at playing the violin.=Niuniu _does well in playing the violin.‎ 妞妞擅长弹钢琴。‎ Lucy and Lily are twin girls . Lucy is better at dancing than Lily , but Lily does better in singing than Lucy.‎ 露西和莉莉是一对双胞胎姐妹。露西比莉莉擅长跳舞，但是莉莉在唱歌方面做得比露西好。‎ ‎19. 赢得，打败 win （赢得）后接a game、war 、a match、a prize等。‎ beat（打败、战胜）后接运动员、球队、对手等。‎ Which team won the football match ？‎ 哪个队赢了这场足球比赛？‎ Wang Hao beat Ma Lin and won the champion of the Men’s Singles.‎ 王浩打败了马林，赢得了男子单打冠军。‎ ‎20. 借 borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物（借入）‎ lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借给某人（借出）‎ keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。‎ Can you lend me your bike ？= Can you lend your bike to me ？‎ 你能把自行车借给我吗？‎ You can borrow some money from your brother.=You can borrow your brother some money.‎ 你可以向你的兄弟借一些钱。‎ ‎—How long can I keep the book ？‎ 我可以借这本书多久？‎ ‎—You can keep it for two weeks.‎ 你可以借两周。‎ ‎21.能，会：be able to, can I can play the guitar.‎ 我会弹吉他。‎ He is able to play chess.‎ 他会下象棋。‎ 注意：情态动词后面都接动词原形。‎ ‎22. 太多......；太......‎ too many 太多， 修饰可数名词复数 too much 太多，修饰不可数名词 much too太， 后跟形容词或副词原级 There are too many students in the hallways. It’s dangerous.‎ 走廊里有太多学生。很危险。‎ I had too much bread for breakfast.‎ 我早饭吃了多面包。‎ This coat is much too expensive.‎ 这件大衣太贵了。‎ ‎23. 去过/去了某地 have / has been to 去过某地 have / has gone to 去了某地 He has been to Beijing.‎ 他去过北京。（现在已不在北京）‎ He has gone to Beijing. ‎ 他去了北京。（在去北京的途中或已到北京）‎ ‎24. 关于use 的三个句型 used to do sth.过去常做某事 be（get）used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事 This river used to be very clean .‎ 这条河过去非常干净。‎ I’m not used to getting up early.‎ 我不习惯早起。‎ Pens are used for writing.‎ 钢笔被用来写字。‎ ‎25. 属于......‎ belong to + 名词/人称代词宾格（属于）‎ be + 名词所有格/ 名词性物主代词（是）‎ It must be Ning’s.= It must belong to Ning.‎ 它一定是宁的。‎ The pencil must be mine.= The pencil must belong to me.‎ 这支铅笔一定是我的。‎ ‎26. can’t 不可能: must（一定）反义词 The CD must belong to Tony, because he likes listening to music.‎ 这张CD一定是托尼的，因为他喜欢听音乐。‎ The toy can't be my grandpa's . After all，he is an old man.‎ 这个玩具不可能是我爷爷的。毕竟，他是一个老人。‎ ‎27. 由…...制成 be made from：由…...制成（看不出原材料）‎ be made of：由…...制成（看得出原材料）‎ The table is made of wood.‎ 这张桌子是用木材做的。‎ Paper is made from wood.‎ 纸是用木材做的。‎ 28. 更喜欢......‎ prefer to do/doing sth 更喜欢做某事 prefer sth to sth 比起......来，更喜欢......‎ prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做......来，更喜欢做......‎ I prefer swiming to playing balls.‎ 比起打球来，我更喜欢游泳。‎ He prefers fish to beef.‎ 比起牛肉来，他更喜欢鱼。‎ I prefer to walk to work.‎ 我更喜欢走路去上班。‎ ‎29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ‎—ed 修饰人 ‎—ing 修饰物 interesting：有趣的； interested：感兴趣的 tiring：累人的； tired；累的，疲倦的 boring：令人无聊的；bored：无聊的 exciting：令人兴奋的；excited：激动的 surprising：令人惊讶的； surprised：惊讶的 relaxing：令人放松的； relaxed：放松的 embarrassing：令人尴尬的；令人为难的；embarrassed：尴尬的；为难的 She is interested in this interesting history story.‎ 她对这个有趣的历史故事很感兴趣。‎ ‎30. 关于 number 的两个短语 the number of + 名词复数：…...的数量（作主语时，谓语用单数）‎ a number of + 名词复数：许多、一些= many （作主语时，谓语用复数）‎ The number of students in our class is 80.‎ 我们班学生的数量是八十人。‎ A number of students are in Helin Middle School.‎ 很多学生在鹤林中学。‎ ‎【中考】60个历年常考单词和短语用法大总结（3）‎ ‎31. 与现在完成时连用的两个时间状语 for + 一段时间 since + 时间点/一般过去时的句子 We have been studying English for three years.‎ 我们三年来一直在学习英语。‎ He has been staying here since he was five years old.‎ 自从五岁以来，他一直待在这里。‎ We haven’t seen each other since ten years ago.‎ 自从十年前以来，我们一直没有见过彼此。‎ 注意：for和 since 可以相互转换。‎ Jenny has been collecting coins for several years. ‎ ‎= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ago.‎ 珍妮收集硬币已经有几年的时间了。‎ ‎32. 除...…之外 except （不包括在内）‎ besides （包括在内）‎ Everyone could answer this question except Jim.‎ 除了吉姆，大家都能够回答这个问题。‎ There are three girls besides me.‎ 除了我之外，还有三个女孩。‎ ‎33. 已经 already 用于肯定句中 yet 用于否定句和疑问句末 Have you seen the film yet？‎ 你看过这部电影了吗？‎ I haven’t locked the door yet.‎ 我还没有锁门。‎ Mom has already watered the flowers.‎ 妈妈已经浇花了。‎ ‎34. 否定祈使句 Don’t do sth.=No + doing / n.‎ Don’t smoke here.= No smoking here.‎ 这里禁止吸烟。‎ Don’t take photos.= No photos.‎ 禁止拍照。‎ ‎35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末 either 放否定句末 also 放肯定句中 She is a girl. I am a girl , too.‎ 她是个女孩。我也是女孩。‎ Do you play soccer every day ，too？‎ 你也每天都踢足球吗？‎ He also likes collecting things.‎ 他也喜欢收集东西。‎ 注意：also放在实意动词前，be之后.‎ ‎36. 要求严格 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 Miss Zhang is strict in her work and she is strict with her stu dents.‎ 张老师对自己的工作要求严格，对她的学生要求严格。‎ ‎37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人 need doing sth 主语是物（主动形式表被动含义）‎ The classroom needs cleaning. It’s too dirty.‎ 教室需要被打扫，太脏了。‎ Children need to sleep a lot.‎ 孩子们需要很多睡眠。‎ ‎38. 穿过 through：介词（从内部穿过）‎ across：介词（从表面穿过）‎ cross ：动词（从表面穿过）‎ Be careful when you cross the street.‎ 过街的时候要小心。‎ The man went through the forest.‎ 这个男人穿过了森林。‎ He swam across the river.‎ 他游过了河。‎ ‎39. 表建议的句型 Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth？ 为什么不......？‎ How /what about doing sth？ 做......怎么样？‎ Let’s do sth. 让我们......‎ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ？=Why not have a cup of tea ？‎ 为什么不喝一杯茶呢？‎ Let’s go out for a walk.‎ 让我们出去散步吧。‎ How about practice conversations ？‎ 练习对话怎么样？‎ ‎40. so 和 neither 的倒装句 So + 助/系/情态+ 主语表示肯定意义（…...也是如此）‎ Neither + 助/系/情态+ 主语表示否定意义（…...也不）‎ My mother didn’t go to school. Neither did my father.‎ 妈妈没上过学，爸爸也没上过。‎ James comes from the USA . So does Tom.‎ 詹姆斯来自美国。汤姆也是。‎ My pen pal can speak Japanese. So can I.‎ 我的笔友会说日语。 我也会。‎ My sister isn’t outgoing. Neither am I.‎ 我的姐姐不外向，我也不外向。‎ ‎41. 都 both 两者都 all三者或三者以上都 The twins both are good students.‎ 这对双胞胎都是好学生。‎ There are lots of colorful flowers on two sides of the streets.‎ 在街道两边有很多五颜六色的话。‎ There are five people in my family. We all like playing sports. My parents both love us. We are very happy.‎ 我们家有五个人。我们都喜欢运动。父母都很爱我们。我们都很快乐。‎ ‎42. alone / lonely alone 单独，独自一人 lonely 孤独的，寂寞的(有一定的感情色彩)‎ He is alone at home.‎ 他独自一人在家。‎ He lives a lonely life in the country.‎ 他在这个国家过着孤独的生活。‎ ‎43. in/on the tree in the tree 外来的 on the tree 长在树上的 I saw a cat in the tree.‎ 我看到树上有只猫 There are many apples on the tree.‎ 树上有很多苹果。‎ ‎44. in/on the wall in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面 There is a map on the wall.‎ 墙上有一张地图。‎ There is a door in the wall.‎ 墙上嵌着一道门。‎ ‎45. on/in the bed on the bed 指物品在床上 in bed 指人躺在床上 My bag is on the bed.‎ 我的包在床上。‎ Lily is ill in bed.‎ 莉莉躺在床上。‎ ‎【中考】60个历年常考单词和短语用法大总结（4）‎ ‎46. 如此…...以至于...…‎ so/such...that... 如此......以至于......（that引导结果状语从句）　‎ so是副词，后接形容词或副词 such是形容词，后接名词 Tom is such a clever boy that he can answer the question.= Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question.‎ 汤姆如此聪明，以至于他能够回答这个问题。‎ The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.‎ 这个箱子如此重，以至于我搬不动它。‎ 注意：在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that... 。‎ 47. 当......的时候 when + 延续性/短暂性动词 while+延续性动词（多用进行时）‎ When I was watching TV ， he came in.‎ ‎= When he came in ， I was watching TV.‎ While I was in Shanghai ，I visited him .‎ ‎48. at the age of 和when 引导的时间状语可以互换 I began to play football when I was five years old .‎ ‎= I began to play football at the age of five.‎ 我五岁时开始踢足球。‎ ‎49. instead/instead of instead：相反（ 放句首、句末）‎ instead of + 名词/代词/动名词：代替；而不是 I will go to see her instead of you.‎ 我会代替你去看她。‎ We often sing English song instead of reading aloud.‎ 我们经常唱英语歌而不是大声朗读。‎ He doesn’t like beer. Give him coke instead.‎ 他不喜欢啤酒。给他可乐吧。‎ ‎50. be famous as/for be famous as: 作为…...而知名 be famous for: 因...…而著名 Li Bai is famous as a poet.‎ 李白作为诗人而知名。‎ Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.‎ 杭州因西湖而著名。‎ ‎51. 看起来好像...…‎ sb/sth seems to do sth It seems that +从句 It seems that he feels very sad.= He seems to feel very sad.‎ 他看上去感觉很悲伤。‎ She seems to want to have a drink.= It seems that she wants to have a drink.‎ 她看上去想喝杯饮料。‎ ‎52. “疑问词+ 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 I will show you where you should go.= I will show you where to go.‎ 我会告诉你你应该去哪里。‎ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace？= Could you tell me how to get to Summer Palace ？‎ 你能告诉我如何到达颐和园吗？‎ 注意：宾语从句应该用陈述语序。‎ ‎53. question/problem question: 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题，多和ask / answer搭配使用。‎ problem：指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与solve / work out 搭配.‎ Please answer my question in English.‎ 请用英语回答我的问题。‎ I can’t work out this maths problem.‎ 我不能解决这道数学题。‎ ‎54. family/home/house family: 家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）‎ home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩）‎ house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）‎ My family are kind.‎ 我的家人很善良。‎ Welcome to my home.‎ 欢迎来到我家。‎ They moved to their new house last year.‎ 他们去年搬到了新家。‎ 55. in front of/in the front of in front of：在某一范围以外的前面 in the front of：在某一范围内的前面 There is a tall tree in front of our classroom.‎ 我们教室前有一棵高大的树。‎ Two persons are sitting in the front of the car.‎ 两个人坐在汽车的前部。‎ ‎56. 在晚上，在夜里 at night on + a + adj + night（在具体的晚上用介词 on）‎ You shouldn’t go out at night.‎ 你不应该晚上出去。‎ He met a thief on a cold night.‎ 在一个寒冷的晚上，他遇到了一个小偷。‎ ‎57. 在…之间 between：两者之间，多与and连用.‎ among：三者或三者以上的人或物之间 She is sitting betwwen Lucy and Lily.‎ 她坐在露西和莉莉之间。‎ He built a house among the trees.‎ 他在树林中建了一所房子。‎ ‎58. sometimes/some times/sometime/some time sometimes：不时；有时 some times：几次 sometime： 某个时间 some time：一段时间 Sometimes I go to school by bus.‎ 我有时乘公交车去上学。‎ He has been to Shanghai some times.‎ 他去过上海几次。‎ I saw him sometime last year.‎ 去年，我某个时间加过他。‎ He will stay here for some time.‎ 他会在这里待一段时间。‎ ‎59. 穿 wear+ 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）‎ put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）‎ be in + 颜色/服饰（强调状态）‎ dress + 人/反身代词（给某人穿）‎ Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses.‎ 我们老师经常戴眼镜。‎ Kate puts on her hat and goes out.‎ 凯特戴上帽子出去了。‎ The girl in red is my sister.‎ 这个穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。‎ She dresses her daughter every morning.‎ 她每天早晨给她女儿穿衣服。‎ 注意：dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物（穿着…颜色的衣服）‎ He is dressed in a black coat.‎ 穿着黑色的外套。‎ ‎60. play play + 球类、棋类名词（不加the ）‎ play the +西洋乐器名词（必须加the）‎ play badminton 打羽毛球 play chess 下象棋 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 play the violin 拉小提琴 注意：‎ play the +中国乐器名词（加不加 the 都可以 ）‎