2018中考反身代词专题训练 9页

‎ 初二英语培优补差 一、反身代词的用法 ‎ 一、 概念 ：‎ ‎ 反身代词又称为自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。‎ 二、 构成：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 第一人称 ‎ 第二人称 ‎ 第三人称 ‎ 单 数 ‎ myself ‎ ‎ yourself ‎ ‎ himself herself itself ‎ ‎ 复数 ourselves ‎ ‎ yourselves ‎ themselves ‎ ‎ ‎ 三、用法:‎ ‎ 1 作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 ‎ 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。‎ ‎ We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。‎ ‎ 2 作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。‎ ‎ 如： She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天有点不舒服。‎ ‎3 作同位语（1）作主语的同位语。‎ ‎ 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。‎ ‎ She will fly to London herself tomorrow. ‎ ‎ （2）作宾语的同位语。 I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。‎ 四、 用在某些固定短语当中。‎ look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己 ‎ teach oneself sth= learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快 ‎ help oneself to sth请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself摔伤自己 ‎ say to oneself自言自语 lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 ‎ introduce oneself 介绍……自己 ‎ 温馨提醒 :‎ ‎1 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。‎ ‎ 如：我自己能完成作业。‎ ‎ （误）Myself can finish my homework..‎ ‎ (正) I myself can finish my homework.‎ ‎2 反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用 one’s own.‎ ‎ 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。‎ ‎ （误）I’m drawing with myself crayons.‎ ‎(正) I’m drawing with my own crayons 五、 精题分析 :‎ 1. ‎--Who teaches __________English? --No one. I teach __________. ‎ ‎  A. you; myself        B. your; myself          C. you; me ‎ 答案：A  【解析】代词的用法。考查宾格代词和反身代词的使用。teach + sb. + sth. “教某人某事 / 物”，双宾语；teach oneself “自学”的意思。故选择A。‎ ‎2 -Help ____ to some cakes, Jim. ---Thank you. ‎ ‎ A. you     B. your     C. yourself     D. yourselves ‎ 答案Ｃ  【解析】反身代词。Help oneself to意为“随便吃点……”Jim是一个人，应该用yourself.故答案选C。‎ ‎3. —How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing? —Wonderful! We enjoyed     very much. ‎ ‎  A. itself         B. myself    C. yourselves        D. ourselves ‎ ‎ 答案D 【解析】enjoy oneself 玩的高兴，we 的反身代词是ourselves,故答案选D。‎ ‎4.  －How did your uncle learn to play the guitar?‎ ‎－By       ‎ ‎ A. myself           B. yourself              C. herself           D. Himself ‎ 答案：D  【解析】反身代词的用法。 by后加反身代词，表示“某人自己的”，主语为your uncle 故用himself。‎ ‎5. — I could look after ____ when I was five. ‎ ‎ — Really? I can’t believe it. ‎ ‎  A. myself          B. herself       C. himself          D. yourself ‎ 答案：A 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句意：－当我五岁时，我能照顾好我自己。－真的吗？我不相信。look after oneself照顾某人自己。 ‎ 6. ‎ Teenagers should learn to protect ______ from all kinds of danger. ‎ ‎ A. them           B. they            C. their           D. themselves ‎ 答案：D 【解析】考查代词辨析。them意为“他们”，作宾格；they意为“他们”，作主格；their意为“他们的”，作形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词；themselves意为“他们自己”，作反身代词。句意为“青少年应该学会保护自己免受各种危险。”protect oneself意为“保护自己”。故选D。 ‎ ‎ 7. — Can you cook by____?     — Yes, I can cook well ‎ ‎   A. you          B. yours         C .yourself ‎ 答案：C  【解析】本题考查代词的用法。by yourself表示单独地，独自地。根据题意：-你能独自烹饪吗？-是的，我能做得很好。故本题选C。‎ ‎8.—Help＿＿＿to some fruits. —Thank you . ‎ ‎ A. yourself       B. Your         C. You ‎ 答案：A  【解析】反身代词的用法。Help oneself to sth意为“请随意吃；自便”，这是招待客人的常用语。句意：“请随便吃水果。”“谢谢。”。故选A。‎ 9. ‎ I Believe I Can Fly is a nice song by R. Kelly. This song tells us that believing in          is very ‎ ‎ important. ‎ ‎ A. themselves     B. ourselves    C. itself ‎ 答案：B 【解析】考查反身代词 这里告诉我们，第一人称，是我们相信我们自己 ‎10. Nobody teaches me English. I learn it all by______.   ‎ ‎ A. I           B. my           C. myself            D. me ‎ 答案：C 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。根据句意：没有教我英语，我自学的。By+反身代词表示某人自己/亲自，主语为I 所以用myself。 ‎ 七、精题练习 :‎ 一．选择。‎ ‎（ ）1. Those girls enjoyed ____ in the party last night.‎ ‎ A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself ‎ ‎（ ）2. Help ____ to some fish, children. ‎ ‎ A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves ‎（ ）3. The film ____ is very fun. ‎ ‎ A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its ‎ ‎（ ）4. –Who teaches ____ math? –I teach ______. ‎ ‎ A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself ‎ ‎（ ）5. The father will make ____ a bike ____. ‎ ‎ A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself ‎ ‎（ ）6. The scarf is ____, she made it_____. ‎ ‎ A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herse ‎（ ）7. Liu Hulan’s death was great. She thought more of others than ______. ‎ ‎ A. her B. she C. hers D. herself ‎ ‎（ ）8. Luckily, he didn’t hurt ____ terribly yesterday.‎ ‎ A. him B. Themselves C. himself D. they ‎ ‎（ ）10. I like watching in the mirror.‎ ‎ A. me B. I C. my D. Myself 二． 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎ 1. We can’t only think of (we) , we should think of others.‎ ‎ 2. Students should be strict with (they) .‎ ‎ 3.Did the enjoy (them) in the party last ?‎ ‎ 4. Help (you) to some vegetables. Jim and Jack.‎ ‎ 5. The artist (he) will come to our school next week.‎ ‎ 7. The cat in the mirror is (it) .‎ ‎ 8. I bought (I) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.‎ ‎ 9. I (my) agree with you.‎ ‎ 10. The little boy is only four , he could wash (he) and get dressed.‎ 二、动词不定式专项练习 ‎ 一、 动词不定式作主语 ‎ ‎1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. ‎ A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans ‎2. It's hard for us _________ English well. ‎ A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning ‎ 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 ‎ It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover. ‎ ‎4. It's very nice _______ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. ‎ A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to ‎ Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B ‎ ‎［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。‎ 常见的句式有： (1) It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. ‎ ‎(2) It is +名词(for sb)to do sth ‎ ‎(3) It takes sb some time to do sth ‎ ‎(4) It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式 ‎ ‎(1) 中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；‎ 句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 ‎ It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： ‎ It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 ‎ ‎2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 ‎ It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 ‎ for 与of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。) ‎ A. It is right to stop killing wild animals. B.It is the best time to visit USA in summer. ‎ C.It is helpful for us to learn English well. ‎ 二、 动词不定式作宾语 ‎ ‎1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ‎2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. ‎ A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ‎ ‎3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep ‎ Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D ‎ ‎  ［简析］在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面 ‎ Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无BE动词。‎ 三、 动词不定式作宾语补足语 ‎ ‎1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. ‎ A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with ‎ ‎2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food. ‎ A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked ‎ ‎ Key： 1. B 2. C ‎ ‎［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。 ‎ 四、 动词不定式作状语 ‎ ‎1. She went ______ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing ‎ ‎2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well. ‎ A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns ‎ Key： 1. A 2. C ‎ ‎［简析］go， come， try， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。 ‎ ‎3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ‎ ‎4. I'm sorry ______ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ‎ ‎5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend. ‎ A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A ‎ ‎［简析］＂be +形容词+ to do sth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。 ‎ ‎6. The panda is so large that it can't go through the hole.(同义句) ‎ The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a large panda to go through. ‎ ‎ 7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (同义句) ‎ The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. ‎ ‎ Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on ‎ ‎［简析］在上述＂to +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough (for sb) to do…＂(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。 sosuch......... that........如此......以致......的用法及与其它句型的互换. A. SbSth +be V+ so + adjadv (aan+adj +n)+that + can'tcouldn't......... = SbSth +be V+ too+adjadv(for+SbSth)+to+V ...... .....如此......以致....=太而.....不能..... B. so that to =in order to+V动词that+从句 ......为了以便于...... C. SbSth +be+ so + adj形容词＋a an +n V +adv副词(so +littlemanymuch.... such +aan+adj +n 名形容词+名词)+that + canould =.SbSth +be V+adjadv +enough足够的 + to+V.....如此.....以致于.....=......足够.......干.......... 如：他太年轻了而不能去上学。 ‎ A. He is too young to go to school. ‎ B. He is so young that he can’t go to school ‎ C． He is n’t old enough to go to school. ‎ D. He is so a young boy that he can’t go to school ‎ ‎（ ）1、The water is ____ dirty _____ the animals can’t drink it. ‎ A. too . to B.so. that C. such ,that D. n’t ,enough to ‎ ‎（ ）2、The computer cost ____much money ___ I can’t afford to buy it.‎ ‎  A.too . to B.so. that C. such ,that D. n’t ,enough to ‎ Key：B。因money前有 much所以不能用 such ‎ 五、 动词不定式作定语 ‎ ‎1. Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ‎ ‎2. I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ‎3. He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with.‎ ‎ Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D ［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要 的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。 ‎ 六、 不带to的动词不定式 ‎ ‎1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.‎ ‎ A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ‎ ‎2. So much work usually makes them __ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel ‎ ‎3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.‎ ‎ A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him ‎ ‎ C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up ‎ ‎4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did ‎ Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C ‎ ‎［简析］1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2. 在＂...had better+V/not +V最好干...＂后面接不带to的不定式。 七、 动词不定式的否定形式 ‎ ‎1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue. ‎ A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didn't jump D. not jump ‎ ‎2. The old man told the child ______ noisy. ‎ A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not ‎3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late. ‎ A. have， not to be B. have， not be C. be， not to be D. be， not be ‎ ‎ Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C ［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的 ‎ ‎