中考英语简单句专项练习 10页

‎2010—2011学年中考英语专项练习之简单句 句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。‎ 一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）‎ 这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：‎ ‎—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？‎ ‎—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。‎ 有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：　‎ Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？‎ ‎【练习导航】‎ Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。‎ ‎1. 他在听。‎ ‎ He _____ _____.‎ ‎2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？‎ Did you _____ _____ last night?‎ ‎3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。‎ ‎ The rain _____ _____ two hours. ‎ ‎4. 事物总是变化的。‎ ‎ Things always _____.‎ ‎5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。‎ ‎ His dream to China _____ _____ _____. ‎ Ⅱ. 单项选择 ‎( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______. ‎ A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait ‎( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.‎ A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained ‎( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match. ‎ ‎ A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play ‎( )9. —What did your father say just now?‎ ‎—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.‎ A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ‎ ‎( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind. ‎ ‎ A. go; was following B. will go; follow ‎ C. will go; followed D. go; will follow 二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）‎ 系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：‎ All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。‎ The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。‎ ‎【练习导航】‎ 翻译下面的汉语句子。‎ ‎1. 他感到有点累。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎2. 这听起来是个好主意。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎3. 海伦在家吗？‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎4. 我的电脑在书房里。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎7. 问题是你想干什么。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎8. 他总是乐于助人。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。‎ ‎______________________________‎ 三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）‎ 及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：‎ He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。‎ I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。‎ He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。‎ ‎【练习导航】‎ Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。‎ ‎1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________‎ ‎2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________‎ ‎3. He forgot which way to go. ____________‎ ‎4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________‎ ‎5. I’ll do what I can. ____________‎ Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。‎ ‎6. 你认识这些人吗？‎ Do you _________ _________ _________?‎ ‎7. 今天早上他完成了报告。‎ He _________ _________ _________ this morning.‎ ‎8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。‎ Now I’ll _________ _________. ‎ ‎9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。‎ He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.‎ ‎10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。‎ I don’t remember _________ the accident _________.‎ 四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）‎ 有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get ‎ 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：‎ ‎1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ‎2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语 ‎【练习导航】‎ Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。‎ ‎1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________‎ ‎2. Bring me some water, please. _________________‎ ‎3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________‎ ‎4. He sang us a folk song. _________________‎ ‎5. She showed me her paintings. _________________‎ Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。‎ ‎6. Tom gave me a nice pen. ‎ ‎ Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me. ‎ ‎7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. ‎ ‎ My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.‎ ‎8. She cooked us a delicious meal.‎ ‎ She ______ a delicious meal _____ us. ‎ ‎9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. ‎ ‎ Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me. ‎ ‎10. She made me a cup of coffee.‎ ‎ She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me. ‎ ‎【温馨提示】‎ ‎◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send,‎ ‎ bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：‎ Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？‎ ‎→Can you lend your car to us? ‎ ‎◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：‎ My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。‎ ‎→My uncle bought a watch for me.‎ 五、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）‎ 有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：‎ Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。‎ I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。‎ The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。‎ ‎【练习导航】‎ Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。‎ ‎1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________‎ ‎2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________‎ ‎3. I wish you to be happy. _____________‎ ‎4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________‎ ‎5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________‎ Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。‎ ‎6. 他们请我和他们一道去。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎9. 你建议我做什么？ ‎ ‎______________________________‎ ‎10. 你注意到他进来了吗？‎ ‎______________________________‎ 六、there be句型 ‎ there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：‎ ‎ There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。‎ ‎【练习导航】‎ Ⅰ. 单项选择 ‎( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week.‎ A. was B. were C. will be D. are ‎( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.‎ A. will have B. is going to have ‎ C. is have D. is going to be ‎ ‎( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him.‎ A. is B. was C. seems D. are ‎ ‎( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?‎ A. won’t it B. won’t there ‎ C. isn’t it D. aren’t there ‎( ) 5. There _______ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. ‎ A. was B. were C. have been D. are ‎ Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。‎ ‎6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。‎ ‎_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard. ‎ ‎7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。‎ ‎______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street. ‎ ‎8. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。‎ ‎_____ _____ _____ a better way to do this. ‎ ‎9. 没有空气就没有声音.‎ ‎_____ _____ _____ sound without air. ‎ ‎10. 没有时间再等你了。‎ ‎_____ ______ no time _____ _____ _____ you. ‎ ‎ ‎ Key：‎ 一、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for ‎ ‎4. change 5. has come true ‎ Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD 二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea. ‎ ‎3. Is Helen in? 4. My computer is in the study. ‎ ‎5. His dream is to become a doctor. 6. My favorite sport is swimming.‎ ‎7. The question is what you want to do. ‎ ‎8. He is always ready to help others.‎ ‎9. The dish smells good. 10. The girl is my sister.‎ 三、Ⅰ. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go ‎ ‎4. waiting 5. what I can Ⅱ. 6. know these people 7. finished his report ‎ ‎8. introduce myself 9. to move to ‎ ‎10. when; happened 四、Ⅰ. 1. her telephone number 2. some water ‎ ‎3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings Ⅱ. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for ‎ ‎9. showed; to 10. made; for ‎ 五、Ⅰ. 1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy ‎ ‎4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy ‎ Ⅱ. 6. They asked me to go with them. ‎ ‎7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.‎ ‎8. Do you think the movie wonderful?‎ ‎9. What do you advise me to do? ‎ ‎10. Did you notice him come in? ‎ 六、Ⅰ. 1-5 ADCBC Ⅱ. 6. There is; playing 7. There used to be ‎ ‎8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for