成都中考英语12选10专项讲解 4页

短文填空专项训练 方法技巧篇 12 选 10 是成都中考Ｂ卷的必考题目，也是学生认为最难的题型之一。 要做好这道题，当首先得有较好的阅读能力。而培养阅读能力的最佳办法是每次连续做 1 篇完形填空和 ４篇阅读理解。一周三到四次即可，如此训练 1 个月，一定会有非常明显的效果。 然而有了良好的阅读理解能力，也不一定能做好 12 选 10。很多学生在做 12 选 10 时总是从意义入手， 其做法是：边读边选，每当碰到一个较难抉择的空格，就将 12 个单词一一带进去尝试，看意义上说得通 还是说不通。如果简单的题目，采用这种方法也许有效，但是纵观成都英语中考，12 选 10 都比较难， 所以这样做的后果就是，很快就会感到思路不清，头晕眼花，从而影响其它题目的解答。 下面就 12 选 10 的做题步骤及技巧讲解如下： 1. 审题 （1） 审单词；理解词意，联想变形 将单词的变形提到第一步，就会避免思路的混乱，也会加深对单词的理解，有助于做题过程中更方便、 迅速、准确的选择单词。 （2） 审文章 了解文章大意，上下文逻辑，利用自己具备的常识、文化背景，以及做题经验做第一步预测。 2. 具体做题 （1）词性判断 因此，我们有必要学会另一种解答方法——词性判断法。即通过空格前后的单词来确定空格中应填入什 么词性的单词，从而缩小选择范围。 要掌握词性判断法，首先就应该在平常的单词学习中注意留意单词的词性。 其次是要知道词形转换。比如，rain、ice 等名词怎么转换成形容词；happy、ill 等形容词怎么转换成名 词；perform、predict 怎么转换成名词，等等。 （2）句意判断。通过词性判断缩小选择范围后，然后再结合意义在这个较小的范围中选择单词。 有时候，即使文章读得不是很懂，依然可以依据词性判断法做出正确的判断。词性判断缩小范围，意 义确定唯一答案，通过此法，我们往往可以做到 12 选 10 跟完形填空一样简单。 （3）借助于句子结构判断。通过对句子结构进行分析后，判断空格部分缺什么成分，然后再结合句意进 行选择。学会句子成分分析、基本句型和短语结构对于词性判断法至关重要！ （4）选对词才是答题正确的一半；选择正确的变形，变对形才是完全得分的另一关键。 词形变化规则是： 实例分析 我们以 2011 年成都市中考题中的 12 选 10 为例，来演示以上方法的具体运用。 成都市 2011 年的 12 选 10 篇幅较短，但它是一篇说理的文章，加之形容词太多，此两点注定这篇 12 选 10 是很难的。 all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine other real surprise these Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1_____ was that all the cups on the table were 2______ . Each of them took a cup and started 3_______ their own tea, looking at the 4 _______ cups. The teacher said; "Do you notice your 5_______ ? You are all looking at each other's tea cups and 6______ of you even envy (羡慕) the 7______ cups of others.”Then he went on: "I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8______ tea. You all have the same thing in your cups— tea. And yet you can't 9______ enjoy it in your envy of another's cup. You forget 10______ your own life when you envy someone else's life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?" 分析： 第一步：审题（包含审单词，单词变形以及审文章） 第二步：词性判断 第三步：句意判断 第一空可能是_________________词性。选项中仅有的五个动词 behave，drink，eat，enjoy，surprise 填进去意义都不通顺，考虑形容词的话，很容易就能一次性确定为 surprised. 第二空应为_____________词性。（be +adj 或 be done）;而动词意义上均说不通，只能是形容词。不 能确定。 第三空应为_________形式。（start doing sth）可以一次性确定为 drinking。 第四空应为_________词性。不能确定。 第五空应为_________词性,所有选项中只有 difference 是 n，能变为只有 behave（behavior）。结合 句意可以一次性确定为 behavior。 第六空应为_______词性（该句谓语是动词 envy,谓语之前的____ of you 为主语），因此此处可以填 all 或 some，但是考虑到前一句用 all，后一句用 even(甚至)，则一次性确定为 some。 第七空应为__________词性。不能确定。 第八空应为___________，构成 like doing sth 结构。（like：像，是介词 prep），adj 可以选 fine 和 these，动词可以选 drinking，但是考虑到前面只能用 drinking，则此处确定为 this。其实如果考虑 到后面一句 You all have the same thing in your cups— tea，此处只能用名词而不能用 drinking tea 这种意义。 第九空为_________。（enjoy 是动词，动词前为________）可以一次性确定为 really。 第十空应为_________。（forget to do sth.）behave，drink，eat，enjoy，surprise 五个动词中只 有 enjoy 可以接宾语 your own life。因此可以一次性确定为 enjoy。 注意： 1、12 选 10，根据难易程度一般要做 2~3 遍方可完成；根据学生水平的不同，第一遍能一次性确定的 空格数是不同的。 3、要表述这个词性判断过程很麻烦，但是在具体运用时，如果熟练了，分析起来是相当快的。 4、简单的 12 选 10，以意义判断为主，词性判断为辅；而较难的 12 选 10 则词性和意义并重；对于难 以读懂意思的 12 选 10，则词性为主，意义为辅。所以词性判断方法是同学们一定要熟练掌握的方法，如 此，再难的 12 选 10 ，得到 8 分以上的成绩是没有问题的。 实践训练 （一） how, they , winter, summer spend, care , dance , ta ke, show , open , only, good The world of the out-of doors is full of secrets. And 1. ________ are so interesting that quite a lot of people are bus y studying them. All around us are birds, animals, trees and flowers. The facts about 2.________ they live and grow are as interesting as anything could be. Do you know that one of the great presidents of the United States 3 ________ hours and hours studying birds? A businessman who lives near New York City became so interested in insects( 昆 虫 ) that he began to collect them. He now has more than one thousand different kinds 4. ________ kept in the glass boxes. Come then with me, and I will help you find some of Nature’s secrets. Let us go quietly through the woods and fields. Here we shall find how a rabbit tells the other rabbits that t here is danger. We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones as they search for food and get ready for 5. ________ sleep. We shall watch bees 6. ________ in the air to let other bees know where they can find food. I wi ll 7.________ you many other interesting things, but the 8. ________ thing that I can teach you is to keep your eyes and ears 9.________ when you go out of doors. Nature tells her secrets 10.________ to people who look and listen carefully. （二） other, move, enough, find desert make use another, friend carry trouble friend [来源:Zxxk.Com] You may think t here is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._________ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2._________, but it is not 3. _________ for most plants. The animals are 4. _________ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. __________ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _________ things.[来源:学。科。网] The people of the desert have to keep 7. _________ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _________ place. The desert people are very 9. __________. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10. ___________ and give them food and water. （三） J.K Rowling （J.K 罗琳）is the writer of Harry Potter, which is now one of 1._________-sellers in the world. She was born in Bristol on July 31st; 1965.She has one sister who is two years 2._________ than her. Both girls loved 3._________ their father reading bedtime stories to them. They especially loved stories about magical worlds. Rowling wrote her first story 4._________ the age of six. On a long train trip in the summer of 1990, an idea came to her. She 5. _________ to write about a boy who has magic but doesn’t know it .In 1992,Rowling began to write the first Harry Potter book for young 6._________.It appeared in June1997.To her surprise, the book was greatly successful. The film came out in November 2001.Now Harry Potter series（系列） is 7._________ with people of all ages and about 60 million books were 8._________ in 200 countries. In this series, Harry is an ordinary boy: polite, friendly, brave and clever. So when children read about Harry, they can imagine being like him. That’s 9._________ Harry Potter series has been so popular. J.K Rowling is very 10._________ with the success, and she is now busy finishing the whole series of seven books. She is really enjoying life. She says she will go on living a normal life with her daughter and writing children’s books. （四） forget bring mend beside luck pick same differently I every stop each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 ________ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _________ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ________ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _________ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _________ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _________ by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7__________ !” Mr. Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr. Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _________ of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.” In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 __________ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr. Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10 __________ day,” he said. what popular good why young in reader unhappy at listen want sell