北京市中考英语试题word含解析 20页

‎2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试 英 语 试 卷 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 考生须知 ‎1．本试卷共10页，共五道大题，39道小题，满分60分。考试时间90分钟。‎ ‎2．在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。‎ ‎3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。‎ ‎4．在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。‎ ‎5. 考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡卡和草稿纸一并交回。‎ 知识运用（共14分）‎ 一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）‎ 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎1. My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.‎ A. I B. They C. We D. You ‎2. Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift you.‎ A. for B. in C. with D. from ‎3. —— do you usually go to school, Mary?‎ ‎ ——By bike.‎ A. When B. How C. Where D. Why ‎4. Many people like pandas they are cute.‎ A. though B. if C. while D. because ‎5. I go now, or I'll miss my train.‎ A. can B. might C. must D. could ‎6. Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest.‎ A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest ‎7. Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.‎ A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read ‎8. ——Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night?‎ ‎——I a movie in the cinema with my friends.‎ A. was watching B. watch C. have watched D. will watch ‎9. David a tennis player,He to play tennis when he was six years o1d.‎ A. begins B. will begin C. began D. has begun ‎10. ——Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?‎ ‎——Yes,he is.He history for nearly 20 years.‎ A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach ‎11. A new international airport in the city next year.‎ A. completes B. is completed ‎ C. will complete D. will be completed ‎12. ——Alice, could you tell me London?‎ ‎——Sure. Last Sunday A. when Mr.Smith left B. when Mr.Smith wi11 leave C. when did Mr.Smith leave D. when will Mr.Smith leave 二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分） ‎ 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。‎ Real Solutions（解决方法） to Problems Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的)balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldn’t blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）.‎ Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.‎ The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on, All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.‎ Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.‎ The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life,sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.‎ ‎13.‎ A.game B.show C.concert D.patry ‎14.‎ A.purposes B.suggestions C.thoughts D.plans ‎15..‎ A.quietly B.carefully C.secretly D.clearly ‎16.‎ A.bonest B.ready C.patient D.succeesful ‎17.‎ A.checked B.helped C.ruled D.cleaned ‎18.‎ A.collected B.weighed C.tied D.cleaned ‎19.‎ A.mark B.hide C.number D.find ‎20.‎ A.freed B.reached C.lifted D.hit 阅读理解（共36分）‎ 三、阅读下列短文．根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）‎ A Roger:Hi,there！It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.Some of my friends and Alan.my cousin，came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift,we played games，sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?‎ Jessica:Yes,My class were on a school field trip last week.First,We went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there. Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there.‎ Sara:Well, I was lucky enough to go to a conference（会议） on charity(慈善) last Wednesday. I was excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.‎ Martin:It was a different week than usual,Last Thursday, my school band（乐队） went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from over the world. It was really cool!‎ ‎21. When did Roger have his birthday party?‎ A.Last Wednesday B. last thursday C.Last Friday D.Last Saturday.‎ ‎22．Who went on a school field trip last week?‎ A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard.‎ ‎23.Martin went to Atlanta ‎ A.speak at a conference B.organize a party C.perform in a competition D.visit a university B A Beautiful Moment When I was in high school.I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a matket. One day，as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old，and the girl.five or six. They were looking the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),"They're good!" I knew it was French. Because I can speak and understand it.‎ Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits.At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them. But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together,I was sure she was blind.‎ Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits .The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket .The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.‎ ‎ Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before .It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves,‎ ‎ instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did.‎ It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn’t tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language .this is what I regret to this day.‎ ‎24. The women and her kids came to the market to buy .‎ A. fruits B. vegetables C. candies D. toys ‎25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn’t .‎ A. speak B. see C. smell D. hear ‎26. The writer was moved because .‎ A. the mother was brave to face her problems.‎ B. the kids were polite and kind to each other ‎ C. the mother was careful in picking out things ‎ D. the kids were so willing to help their mother ‎ C Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能) . This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.‎ The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.‎ ‎“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure.” Says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study, “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”‎ The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.‎ Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a ‎ greater decrease in inattentiveness.‎ Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.‎ Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.‎ Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.‎ ‎27. The second paragraph is mainly about .‎ A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the study ‎ C. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study ‎ ‎28. The word “prompt” in paragraph 6 probably means “ “.‎ A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change ‎29. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.‎ B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.‎ C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.‎ D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.‎ D We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there’s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.‎ When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.‎ The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when ‎ we ignore(忽视) it，‎ Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it's for our own good.‎ Happy people don’t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.‎ Jane always tells everyone that she doesn't have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!‎ Self-improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.‎ ‎30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .‎ A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain.‎ B. we are responsible for the problems we meet.‎ C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way.‎ D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs.‎ ‎31. What is the key to solving Jane’s problem?‎ A. She needs to remember why she started.‎ B. She has to know how to get on with people.‎ C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.‎ D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.‎ ‎32. The writer probably agrees that .‎ A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves.‎ B. people change when they find it easy to do that.‎ C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better.‎ D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler.‎ ‎33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Is it important to take things light?‎ B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?‎ C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?‎ D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?‎ 四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）‎ When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?‎ In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”．Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.‎ Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.‎ The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:‎ A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)‎ D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)‎ We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.‎ Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.‎ Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.‎ Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning。However，as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.‎ ‎34.what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?‎ ‎35.when was the letter grading system first used in the US college?‎ ‎36.what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?‎ ‎37.what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?‎ ‎38.why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?‎ 书面表达（共10分）‎ 五、文段表达(10分)‎ ‎39.从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作，文中已给出内容不计入总数．所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。‎ 题目一：‎ 假如你是李华，你们学校要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及需要做什么准备。‎ 提示词语：lecture（讲座）,invite,information,question,online 提示问题：·When and where will you have the lecture?‎ Dear peter,‎ How is it going?‎ There’ll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.‎ Yours,‎ LiHua ‎·what do you advise Peter to prepare for it?‎ 题目二：‎ ‎“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节俭，拒绝浪费。‎ 某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿．谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以这样做的意义。‎ 提示词语：thrifty(节约的).save.turn off.money.virtue（美德）‎ 提示问题：·What do you do in your daily life？‎ It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎·why do you do so？‎ ‎2018年北京市中考英语试题详细解析　　　‎ ‎1.【正确答案】 C ‎【解題思路】本题考査人称代词的主格。动词 play前应使用入称代词主格,且根据句意·我哥哥 (第第)和我喜欢足球。我们一起每周玩一次。选项 A·我;选项 B他们;选项 C我们·D、你们·。故正确答案为选项C。 ‎ ‎2.【正确答案】 A ‎【解题思路】本题考査介词。根据题干中·Happy birthday ,Peter!· 可知句意应为-这是给你的礼物-。选项A·给……;为……;选項B ·在……里·;选项 C和……;用……;随着……·选项 D·从……，来自……。故正确答案为选项A。‎ ‎3.【正确答案】 B ‎【解题思路】本题考査特殊疑问词,根握答句中-By bike.·可知问句是在问方式方法,选项A什么时间·;选项 B-如何; 选项C·什么地点·;选项D·为什么·,故正确答案为选项A ‎ ‎4.【正确答案】D ‎【解题思路】本题考査连词,连词主要看前后句的关系如何.根据题干译为·很多人喜欢熊猫,_______它们可爱,·选项A·“尽管，虽然”,; 选项 B·如果;是否选项C·然而;当……的时候,选项 D·因为-, 根提前后句关系,可知这里应该是很多人喜欢熊猫因为他们可爱-,故正确答案为选项D ‎5.【正确答集】 C ‎【解题思路】本题考査情.态动词,根据题干译为·我_现在走,否则我会错过我的火车. ·选项A·能够·;选项B·可能·;选项C·必、须·;选项 D·能够·,故正确答案为选项 C.‎ ‎6.【正确答案】 D ‎【解题恩路】本題考査形容词最高级,根据题干中的·of the three boys-,所以选最高级,此题目中选项A为形容词原级;选项 B为形容词比較级;选项C为形容词最高级,但缺少定冠词·the·;选项D 为形容词最高级,故正确答案为选项D, ‎ ‎7. 【正确答案】 B ‎【解题思路】本题考査时态,根握旬中的标志词·every evening·可知该题应选择一般现在时态,再根据主话·He可知动·同应该用三単,选]1⊠ A是一般现在时态的动词原形;选项 B是一般现在时态的动词三単;选项 C是现在进行时态;选项 D是现在j一選正确答東为B ‎8. 【正确答案】A 解题思路本题考査时态.根福句中的标志词·at nine last night· 可知该題应选择过去进行时态,选项 A是过去进行时态;选項 B是一般现在时态;选项 C是现在完成时态;选项 D是一般将来时态• 故正确答案为选项 A ‎9 C ‎ 解题思路本题考查时态，根据句中的标志词•when he was six years old可知，该题应选择过去时.选项 A是一般现在时态;选项 B是一般将来时态;选项 C是一般过去时态;选项 D是现在完成时态, 故正确答案为选项 C.‎ ‎10.B 本题考査时态,根提句中的标志词 for nearly 20 years 以及题干-他教历史持续近20年•,可知该题应选择现在完成时态, 选项A为一般现在时态;选项 B为现在完成时态;选项 C为现在进行时态;选项D为一般将来时态.故正确答集为选项B.‎ ‎11.【正确答案】D ‎【解题思路】本题考查被动语态。该题主语是“A new international airport"译为“一座新的国际机场”，谓语动词为“complete”译为 “完成”。”机场”不能主动发出“完成”的动作，只能“被完成”，是动 宾关系，确定该题考查被动语态。被动语态基本结构为“主语+ be + done”，选项A和选项C不是被动语态结构，均排除；选项B是一般现在时的被动解构;选项 D是一般将来时的被动结构故选项D,‎ ‎12. 【正确答案】A ‎【解题思路】本题考查宾语从句。‎ 因此排除选项C和选项D,不是陈述语序。选项A为一般过去时；选项B为一般将来时句中的时间标志词“last Sunday ”可知，该题应为― 般过去时态'，排除选项B。故正确答案为选项 A ‎13.【正确答案】A "‎ ‎【解题思路】本题考查名词，本句译为“一天，这个团队被叫来在一 个大厅（做)_____”。根据后文第四段第一句“那些没有在气球上标记自己名字的人被____这个游戏”。最后一词“game"为原词复现。选项A译为“游戏”；选项B译为“演出”；选项C译为“音乐 会”；选项D译为“聚会”。根据文章语境判断，故正确答案为选项A。 ‎ ‎14.正确答案 C ‎【解题思路】本题考查为“他们十分吃惊，各自怀揣着 不同钿达这卓。选项a译为“目的”；选项b译为 “建议”；选项C译为“想法”；选项D译为“计划”。结合前面 “surprised” 一词得知他们并不清楚接下来做什么，故正确答案为选 项C。‎ ‎15.【正确答案】B ‎【解题思路】本题考查副词。本句译为“然后他们各自被要求把自己 的名字____写在各自的气球上，以便于气球不会破掉"。选项A 译为“安静地”；选项B译为“小心地”；选项C译为“秘密地”；选项 D译为“清晰地”。结合文章语境判断，只有小心地写才不会让气球破 掉，故正确答案为选项B。‎ ‎16.正确答案 D ‎【解题思路】本题考查形容词。本句译为“每个人都尝试过了，但是不是每个人都__　选项A译为“诚实的”选项B译为“准备 好的” 选项C译为“耐心的”选项D译为“成功的”。根据文章语境 ‎“but",每个人都尝试过了，但是不是每个人都成功了，并且紧接着下一段开头写“those who tailed”，译为“那些失败的人”，也能和本题呼应，故正确答案为选项D。‎ ‎17 正确答案 C ‎【解题思路】本题考查动词。本句译为在他们名字的人被___出游戏,空后有out,因此本题考查动词+介词的固定搭配，选项A译为“查明，结账”； 选项B译为“帮助某人 走出1rii”；选项c译为“把......排除在外"；选项d译为“欺骗”。根 据文章语境判断，故正确答案为选项C。‎ ‎18. 正确答案A ‎【解题思路】本题考查动词。本句译为“所有带着名字的气球被 ___起来，然后被放在一个房间里”。选项A译为“收集”；选项 B译为“称重”；选项C译为“系，拴”；选项D译为“打扫”。根据文 章语境判断，故正确答案为选项A。‎ ‎19正确答案 D 解题思路本题考查动词。本句译为“快15分钟了，但是没有人能够____正确的那个（气球）”。选项a译为"标B译为“躲藏”；选项c译为“数出、计算译为“fty”。前文 提到全部25个工程师胃寻灸1i自的气球，根据同义词复 现^每f，译为“專找"，故正确答案为选项D。‎ ‎20. 【正确答案】B ‎【解题思路I本题考查动词。本句译为“几分钟之内，所有的气球都___各自的工程师手中”。选项A译为“解放”；选项B译为“到达”；选项C译为“提升"；选项D译为“击打”。根据前二 ‎ 句“工程师们被要求去捡起气并把它给到^气球1名字一致的 人”，故正确答案为选项B ‎21正确答案 D ‎【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“When did Roger have his birthday party"，定位至文章第一段Roger以及本段 第一行 “It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”，故正确答案为选项D。‎ ‎22. 定位到第二段第一行，“My class were on a school field trip last week.” 可知 Jessica 上周有学校旅行，故 正确答案为选项B。‎ ‎23.【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“Martin went to Atlanta”，可定位到文章第四段Martin以及本段第二行“My schoolband went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.”，故正确答案为选项C ‎24. 【正确答案】A ‎【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息1The woman and her kids came to the market to bu/ 定位至文章第一段第四句“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.” 以及句“The kids were smiling while 故正确项A。‎ ‎25. 正确答案 B ‎【解题思路】本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“According to what he saw”定位至文章第二段最后一句“Putting what丨saw 13together,丨was sure she was blind.”可知作者认为这位母亲是盲人, 所以作者很确定她看不见，故正确答案为选项B。‎ ‎26. 【正确答案】D 本题考查涵令题。根据题目中的关键信息“The writer was moved”可定位到文章倒数第二段前两句“Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so w川ingly help.” 所以令 作者感动的是这两个孩子非常愿意帮助他们的母亲，故正确答案为选项D ‎27.【正确答案1 A ‎【解题思路】本题考查段落主旨题。根据题干内容定位到文聿第二段， 文中依次使用 “perform”，“record”，“study", “use”，“grade” 等 动词，说明文章都是在解释这项研究是如何开展的，故正确答案为选 项A。‎ ‎28.本题考查猜词题。猜词题需结合待猜词的前后文信息做 出推断。结合待猜词所在句的后面一句话“These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.” 中相关信息：这些练习“反 过来（in turn)”会对大脑发育产生”积极影响（positively influence)”， 可推知“绿色空间”对这些重要活动带来的应该也是“积极、正面” 的影响。据此，再结合ABCD四个选项的正负态度，可迅速将答案 确定为正态度的选项B “encourage (促进，‎ ‎29.正确答案 D ‎【解题思路】本题考查推断题。此文开门见山提出“处于绿化环境对 孩子的认知功能会有积极的影响”，并分别从文章第三段、第四段、 第五段、第六段以及第七段论证该观点。选项D “居住在绿化更好的 社区有助于孩子们大脑的发育”符合文故正确答案为选项D选项A“control (控制)”常作负态选衡)”和选项 D “change (改变)”常作中谷因此排除，故正确答案为选项B。‎ ‎30.【正确答案】A ‎【解题思路】本题考查推断题。根据题目中的关键信息“the three questions in paragraph 2”，定位至文章第二段。作者通过提出的三 个问题，在本段最后一句得出结论："weseethewarnir^i^j^nd signals whe门 things get rough andcdiffic^ff^%!译务当事情变得 糟糕和困难时，我们会志和信号。本句与选项A “当我 们^||§^到教训”相符合，故正确答案为选项A ‎31正确答案 C ‎【解题思路】本题考查推断题《根据题目中的关键信息“Jane’s problem”定位到文章第六段,通过本段可知Jane的问题是她没有勇 气在生活中面对人群，并且生活在自己的故事里。所以解决Jane问 题的关键是她要意识到她并不是故事里的样子，与选项C相符，故 正确答案为选项C。‎ ‎32正确答案 C ‎【解题思路】本题考查推断题。选项A译为“世界告诉我们如何提升 自己”与原文作者观点不相符；选项B译为“当人们发现事情很容易糕时，人们会改1”，两更雕滅势' 与做时，人们会改变”，与原文“当事情变得最糟糕时，不相符；选项C译为“迎接生活中的改更綠的绝站为'与 原文主旨“当人们主动会己得到提升”相符合；选 项自我提程使生活变得更加简单”与原文最后一 句提升使事情变得容易，使我们更开心”不相符，故正确答案 为选项C。‎ ‎33.【正确答案】D ‎【解题思路】本题考查主旨题。文章通过第一段的现象描述和第二段 的提问，引出主旨“我们应该为可以帮助我们自我提升的改变做好准 备”；文聿第三、四、五和六段谈论了乐观的人拥抱改变而另一些人 们由于害怕改变而逃避改变；文章第七段重申全文观点，故正确答案 为选项D。‎ ‎34. 【解题思路】本题考查细节题。定位关键词“F”和“standsfor",到 文章第二段第二句，故正确答案为It stands for “fail”.‎ ‎35.‎ 正确答案 In 1897. ‎ ‎【解题思路】第四段二句，故正确答案为In 1897.‎ ‎36. 正确答案 Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent".‎ ‎【解题思路】本题考查细节题。定位关键词“dropping the E grade” 和“one possible explanation”，到文章第六段第二句和第三句正确答案为 Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent".‎ ‎37. 【正确答案】They thought this new letter grading $ easy, fair and clear way to grade students.‎ ‎【解题思路】本题考查细关ceniury”到倒数第 二段，然后再通过定位teachers”到本段最后一句，故正确答案为thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.‎ ‎38. 【正确答案】Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.‎ ‎【解题思路】本题考查细节题。定位关键词J'tody"择适'^Iny parents”定位到最后一段第三句故正确答案为38.Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand文段表达 题目1【总体思路】‎ 本篇写作的体裁属于信件类作文中的邀请信。在英文部分已经明确给出两个问题，难度中等，属于考前常见话题之一。需要考生写出 “讲座的时间，地点及建议”，具体问题如下：‎ ‎1. 讲座的时间和地点？‎ ‎2. 为该讲座做哪些准备？‎ 参考范文1 ‎ Dear Peter How is it going?‎ There’ll be a lecture on Peking opera in our school .The Peking opera will start at 10:00 this Friday morning in the school hall.I am writing to invite you to take part in the meaningful lecture.‎ In the lecture ,we can not only get some useful information about the Peking opera ,but also get close to the traditional Chinese culture, which can benefit us a lot.‎ There are some suggestions for you to prepare for it. First of all, remember to be there on time, what’s more, don’t forget to bring a camera with you ,which can record the precious moment, last but not least, it’s a golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.‎ If there is anything that I can do please let me know.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【参考范文分析】‎ 首先，提示问题为 “When and where wHI you have the lecture?”， 要明确写出活动的时间和地点。在范文中即出现了 “The Peking Opera will start at 10:00 this Friday morning in the school hall.”。接着，提示问题为 “What do you advise Peter to prepare for it?”， 具体写出为该讲座应做的准备。在范文中，第一项建议是“不要迟 到”，即 “First of all, remember to be there on time.”。第二项建议是 “带相机记录美好时刻”，即 “What’s more, don't forget to bring a camera with you, which can record the precious moment, 第三项建议是“准备相关问题”即last but not least, it’s a golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.‎ 题目2【总体思路】‎ 本篇写作的体裁属于议论文。在英文部分已经明确给出两个问题， 难度中上，属于考前常见话题之一。需出考生写出“日常生活中是如 何做的，你为什么这样做”具体如下：‎ ‎1、在日常生活中你都做了什么？‎ ‎2.你为什么这样做？‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty Being thrifty is a good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation . It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.‎ First of all , I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house , Besides, never have I wasted any food, what’s more, I don’t spend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.‎ The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life, As the old saving goes, “Waste not, want not”I make up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible. I think everyone should take actions to stick to this virtue.‎ ‎【参考范文分析】‎ 本篇为议论文话题作文，主题为“节约是美德”，考生需要从两个方面作答，第一个方面是介绍日常生活中你都做了什么？第二个方面 你为什么这样做？‎ 首先，第一段要提出“节约是美德”的主题，“It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty Being thrifty is a ‎ good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation . It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.‎ ‎”‎ 其次，第二段介绍在日常生活中做了什么，“First of all , I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house , Besides, never have I wasted any food, what’s more, I don’t spend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.”‎ 最后，第三段论述这样做的原因，“The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life, As the old saving goes, “Waste not, want not”I make up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible. I think everyone should take actions to stick to this virtue.”‎ ‎2018北京中考英语答案 一、单项填空 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎5‎ ‎6‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ ‎9‎ ‎10‎ ‎11‎ ‎12‎ C A B D C D B A C B D A 二、完型填空 ‎13‎ ‎14‎ ‎15‎ ‎16‎ ‎17‎ ‎18‎ ‎19‎ ‎20‎ A C B D C A D B 三、阅读理解 ‎21‎ ‎22‎ ‎23‎ ‎24‎ ‎25‎ ‎26‎ ‎27‎ ‎28‎ ‎29‎ ‎30‎ ‎31‎ ‎32‎ ‎33‎ D B C A B D A B D A C C D 四、阅读短文回答问题 ‎34. It stands for “fail”‎ ‎35.In 1897‎ ‎36.Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”‎ ‎37.They thought this new letter grading system was an easy fair and clear way to grade students ‎38.Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand 五、文段表达 题目1：‎ Dear Peter How is it going?‎ There’ll be a lecture on Peking opera in our school .The Peking opera will start at 10:00 this Friday morning in the school hall.I am writing to invite you to take part in the meaningful lecture.‎ In the lecture ,we can not only get some useful information about the Peking opera ,but also get close to the traditional Chinese culture, which can benefit us a lot.‎ There are some suggestions for you to prepare for it. First of all, remember to be there on time, what’s more, don’t forget to bring a camera with you ,which can record the precious moment, last but not least, it’s a golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.‎ If there is anything that I can do please let me know.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 题目2：‎ It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty Being thrifty is a good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation . It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.‎ First of all , I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house , Besides, never have I wasted any food, what’s more, I don’t spend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.‎ The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life, As the old saving goes, “Waste not, want not”I make up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible. I think everyone should take actions to stick to this virtue.‎