中考宾语从句详解和练习题 7页

宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义：‎ 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 I know him. I know who he is .‎ 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 ‎ ‎ 主 句 宾语从句 ‎ 宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后：‎ I know him. Do you have the time?‎ I think (that) she is beautiful. Why don’t you pay attention to me?‎ 宾语从句的概念：从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词、形容词之后。‎ ‎ We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.‎ 二、宾语从句分类:‎ 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类:‎ ‎1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。‎ 例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.‎ that 的省略：‎ e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it.‎ 注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。 ‎ ‎　　eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．‎ ‎2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。‎ 例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late.‎ ‎3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。‎ I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us .‎ 7‎ Ask him whether (if) he can come . I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.‎ Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here ?‎ 只用whether的情况：‎ ‎1. 在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时：‎ 主语从句: Whether it is true remains a question. Whether he is right or wrong is a question.‎ 表语从句：The question is whether it is true. ‎ ‎(为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。Whether he will come I am not sure.）‎ ‎ The question whether he will accept it confuses us.‎ ‎2. 用在动词不定式之前时(whether to do sth.) ：‎ They asked me whether to go skating. I don’t know whether to go there at once. ‎ ‎3.当与or not连用，或 or 提出两种选择时:‎ I don’t know whether he’s free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.‎ Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.‎ ‎4. 在介词或discuss后面：‎ I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop.‎ 注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况 ‎1.引导条件状语从句 If he runs fast, he’ll get there on time. I’ll go to see you if I have time.‎ ‎2.引导否定的宾语从句 Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.‎ if / whether用法巧记:‎ 两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。 下列情况用whether, 主表不定式or (not)。‎ 作为讨论介词宾, 此时if不可跟。 还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。‎ 引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。 宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。‎ 练习：选择 if / whether。‎ ‎1. I asked her __________ she had a bike. 2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.‎ ‎3. I wonder ___________ he is well. 4. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.‎ ‎5. I don’t know _______ to go.‎ 三、宾语从句的语序：‎ 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能放在主语前面。‎ 例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.‎ 注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：‎ 7‎ What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? Who is over there？‎ I don’t know what’s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?‎ 注意：否定前移 若主句谓语动词为think, guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。‎ 主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。‎ 如：我认为鸡不会游泳。‎ 误：I think Tom can not swim. 正：I don’t think Tom can swim.‎ 此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：‎ I think he is wrong, isn’t he? He thinks he is right, doesn’t he?‎ ‎(1)．I don’t think he is right,__________? A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I D.don’t I (2). He believes she is right, __________? A.doesn’t he B.does he C.is she D.isn’t she 否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法：‎ 我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。‎ I don't think this dress fits you well, does it? 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？‎ I don't believe you will finish the work today， will you? 我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？‎ 四、时态 ‎1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。‎ I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . ‎ I have heard that he will come tomorrow .‎ ‎2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）‎ I knew who lived there. I saw she was talking with her mother. ‎ He asked whether his father would come back the next day. ‎ He said that he had seen the movie .‎ ‎3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。‎ 7‎ Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.‎ He told me the earth moves around the sun. Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east.‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. The radio says it _______ cloudy tomorrow. (be)‎ ‎2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well.(go)‎ ‎3. I hear they __________ (return) it already. ‎ ‎4. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)‎ ‎5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)‎ 宾语从句巧记法：宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。‎ 1. 时态问题 时态问题看主句，现在时态可随意。过去时态用过去，‎ 客观情况要注意，主过从现要切记。‎ 2. 引导词问题 引导词 , 并不难，主句含义最关键。 主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。‎ 主表疑问不确定，另类词, 要使用。 从句句意若完整，if/whether不可省。‎ 从句若是缺成分，特殊(疑)问词来过问。‎ 3. 语序问题 还有一项是语序，陈述语序要切记。 如何对它来判断，助动莫放主语前 重点：‎ ‎1.从句中的语序为陈述语序；Do you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is)‎ ‎2.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。‎ She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改为：…when she would come)‎ ‎3.转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。‎ I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what to do next.‎ Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?‎ 难点：1.宾语从句中的It ‎ 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ‎ ‎①‎ 7‎ 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. ‎ I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . ‎ I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.‎ I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. I think it no use crying. ‎ ‎②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 　‎ I hate it when they are with their mouths full of food.‎ Please see to it that the door is closed Don't take it for granted that we help you.‎ I would appreciate it if you could help me.‎ ‎(1).I find _____ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what  (2). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were ‎ C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 2.宾语从句中的虚拟 ‎ ‎1) suggest,order,insist, propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，sb. (should )do...‎ He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. ‎ The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. ‎ He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. ‎ ‎3.wish接虚拟 I wish I were you. I wish I hadn't known you. I wish I could go abroad one day. ‎ ‎3) 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： (should) + 动词原形，如：‎ It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 ‎ It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 ‎ It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎( )1. Could you show me ________ ?‎ ‎ A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station ‎ ‎ C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 7‎ ‎( )2. Please tell me _______. ‎ ‎ A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like ‎( )3. My sister told him ________ .‎ ‎ A. what day was it B. when the train arrived ‎ ‎ C. who she was waiting D. where did you live ‎( )4. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ .‎ ‎ A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ‎ ‎( )5. Could you tell me how long __________ ?‎ ‎ A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book ‎ ‎ C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China ‎( )6. He says that if it _______ tomorrow , he _______ fishing .‎ ‎ A.will rain, won't go B.rained, wasn't go C.rains, won't go D.rain, will go ‎ ‎( )7.The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. ‎ ‎ A. if B. that C. weather D. whether ‎( )8.  We don't know ______ they did it . ‎ ‎ A. how B. who C. what D. which ‎ ‎( )9. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time tomorrow .‎ ‎ A. that B. if C. when D. what time ‎( )10. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .‎ ‎ A. if B. where C. whether D. that ‎( )11.--- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear___ I said? David? --- Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. If ‎( )12.The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. That ‎( )13.There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know _____. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose ‎( )14.Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? ‎ ‎ A. who B. what C. when D. that ‎( )15.Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? ‎ 7‎ ‎ A. what B when C why D how ( )16.He asked me _____told me the accident. ‎ ‎ A whom B which C who D whose ‎( )17.They don't know ______their parents are. A.that B.what C.why D.which ( )18. I don’t think he will come here on time, ? ‎ A. won’t he B.will he C. does he D. is he ‎( )19. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I’ll let you know. ‎ A. will come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come ‎( )20. Nobody knows he’ll come or not. ‎ ‎ A. that B. if C. / D. whether ‎( )21. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. ‎ ‎ A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going ‎( )22. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China.‎ ‎ A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to 7‎