中考英语语法复习句子成分 3页

语法复习与掌握 句子成分 ‎（一）句子成分的定义：‎ 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。‎ 二）主语：‎ 主语 (Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：‎ ‎1.The sun rises in the east. （名词） ‎ ‎2.He likes dancing. （代词）‎ ‎3.Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） ‎ ‎4.Seeing is believing. （动名词） ‎ ‎5.To see is to believe. （不定式） ‎ ‎6.What he needs is a book. （主语从句）‎ 三）谓语 ‎ 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：‎ ‎1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：‎ ‎ He practices running every morning.‎ ‎ The plane took off at ten o’clock.‎ ‎2、复合谓语：‎ ‎（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：‎ ‎ You may keep the book for two weeks. ‎ ‎ He has caught a bad cold. ‎ ‎（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：‎ ‎ We are students.‎ 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致 四）表语 ‎ 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： ‎ ‎1.He is a teacher. （名词） ‎ ‎2.Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）‎ ‎3.Five and five is ten. （数词） ‎ ‎4.He is asleep. （形容词） ‎ ‎5.His father is in. （副词） ‎ ‎6.The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）‎ ‎7.His job is to teach English.（不定式）‎ ‎8.His hobby is playing football.（动名词 注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），‎ taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感觉） ….‎ ‎1.It sounds a good idea. ‎ ‎2.The sound sounds strange.‎ ‎3.Her voice sounds sweet. ‎ ‎4.Tom looks thin.‎ ‎5.The food smells delicious. ‎ ‎6.The food tastes good.‎ ‎7.The door remains open. ‎ ‎8.Now I feel tired. 9.He became mad after that.  ‎ 五）宾语 ‎ 宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： ‎ ‎1）动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. （名词）     ‎ He hates you. （代词）‎ ‎2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 They live in the old house.‎ Are you afraid of the snake?        ‎ ‎3） 双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）‎ ‎ He gave me a book yesterday.       ‎ Give the poor man some money.‎ 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语.‎ ‎① Please tell us a story. ________________‎ ‎② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ________________‎ ‎③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ________________‎ 分析一下划横线的句子成分。‎ I bought a book yesterday.‎ We often speak English in class Our teacher of English is an American Time is up. The class is over.‎ The soup tastes sweet.‎ The man got mad.‎ 阅读理解练习：‎ You want to know about my staying in America,right?Well,to tell you the truth,it is ‎ really an eye-opening experience study here.‎ In China,I had English classes five times a week since fifth grade.However,I didn’t know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School,Conmecticut. 21世纪教育网 ‎ When I first studied English,I was told to say, “I am fine.”when people say “How are you ?”But in the US,I found that people say, “I am good.”or “Ilm tired.”‎ One day ,someone greeted me with “What’s up ?”It ,made me confused.I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didn’t know what to say.‎ Since then,I have discovered more and more differences between Chinese and US cultures.‎ To my surprise,US girls spend a lot of time in the burning sun to get a tan.However ,in China ,girls try every possible way to get their skin paler,or “whiter.”‎ I also surprised by how hard-working .US students are.In China,schoolwork is almost everything ,so we study hard and that’ it.But here,a “good”student gets good grades,does a lot for the public and plays sports or music.‎ The kids here are so talented ,I am starting to be sorry that I gave up playing the piano at an early age and that I have never thought about sports.‎ ‎1.According to the writer,textbook English is _________everyday English.‎ A.quite different from B.the same as C.more difficult than ‎2.What does the word “tan ”in the sixth paragraph mean in Chinese?‎ A晒黑 B晒白 C 能量 ‎3.A good US student spends his/her time ________.‎ A.only in doing homework B.only on sports or music ‎ C.on studies ,sports or music and public work ‎4.Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A.The writer is now in US.‎ B.American girls love to have white skin.‎ C.US students are talented and hard-working.‎ ‎5.Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A.My Own Travel in the ‎US B.My Studying in the ‎US C.My Opinion about the US