中考英语反意疑问句二轮专题目复习3 5页

反意疑问句 在初中英语中出现了反意疑问句。此句式由两部分构成：陈述句+简短问句。其结构有两种：‎ ‎①肯定陈述句+否定简短问句;‎ ‎②否定陈述句+肯定简短问句（即我们平时所说的“前肯后否，前否后肯”）。‎ 这是反意疑问句的一般格式，但在实际运用中与规则不同的特殊形式比比皆是。本文拟谈谈反意疑问句的特殊形式：‎ 一、祈使句后的反意疑问句：‎ 祈使句后加一个反意疑问句，使祈使句变得更加委婉。肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you等来表达不同的含义。在否定的祈使句后的反意疑问句通常只用will you。‎ ‎1、表示“请求”，肯定祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。如：‎ ‎①Give me a hand, will you? ②Pass me a book, will you?‎ ‎2、表示“邀请”、“劝诱”时，肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用won’t you。如：‎ Have another cup of tea, won’t you?‎ ‎3、表示“催促”、“不耐烦”时，肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用can’t you。如：‎ Stop talking, can’t you?‎ ‎4、用“Let’s…”开头的肯定祈使句表示“提议、建议、主张”，其后的反意疑问句用shall we。如：‎ Let’s have a try, shall we?‎ 但是以Let us…或Let me…开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句则要用will you。如：‎ Let us go now, will you?‎ ‎5、否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。如：‎ Don’t take away my dictionary, will you?‎ 以Let’s not…开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句用all right或OK。如：‎ ‎①Let’s not go fishing, all right? ②Let’s not talk about it any more, OK?‎ 二、复合句的反意疑问：‎ 复合句的反意疑问的主谓语要视其主要内容而定，不能一概说以主句为准还是以从句为准。‎ ‎1、多数复合句后的反意疑问句的主、谓语同主句的主、谓语一致。如：‎ ‎①He said he was a teacher, didn’t he? ②John thinks the rain is ending, doesn’t he?‎ ‎③You don’t mind if I go now, do you?‎ ‎2、主句是I think(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect, imagine, feel, am afraid, hear, say等)+宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主、谓语应与从句的主、谓语一致。如：‎ ‎①I don’t think he will come, will he? ②I heard that he was very honest, wasn’t he?‎ ‎3、并列复合句的反意疑问句的主、谓语应与相近的分句的主、谓语相一致。如：‎ John isn’t a hard-working student, for he has been late for three times, hasn’t he?‎ 三、含有情态动词或助动词的反意疑问句：‎ ‎1、当陈述部分含有情态动词must，其意义表示“必须、必要”时，其后的反意疑问句用mustn’t或needn’t。如：‎ ‎①You must do it today, mustn’t you? ②She must look after her sister, needn’t she?‎ 如果must的含义表示“一定是、想必”等推测意义时，其后的反意疑问句则要依据句中的谓语动词的时态结构采用be/have/did/do+not等相应形式。如：‎ ‎①He must bee ill, isn’t he? ②You must have seen the film before, haven’t you?‎ ‎2、如果陈述部分用了must have+P.P.(过去分词)，但明示或暗示了过去的时间，其反意疑问句用过去时。如：‎ He must have seen him yesterday, didn’t he?‎ ‎3、陈述部分含情态动词ought to，其后反意疑问句用oughtn’t或shouldn’t均可。如：‎ ‎①I ought to come here, oughtn’t I? ②You ought to go by ship, shouldn’t you?‎ ‎4、陈述部分含情态动词used to，其后反意疑问句用usedn’t或didn’t均可。如：‎ ‎①Tom used to live here, usedn’t he? ②They used to work in the shop, didn’t they?‎ ‎5、陈述部分含有have/has/had to时，其后的反意疑问句用do的相应形式。如：‎ ‎①You have to go, don’t you? ②He has to stay in bed all day, doesn’t he?‎ ‎③I had to keep it well, didn’t I?‎ 但是在陈述句中用have/has/had got to来代替have/has/had to时，反意疑问句用have的相应形式。如：‎ ‎①Ann has got to see a doctor, hasn’t she?‎ ‎②You haven’t got to go to school on Sunday, have you?‎ ‎6、陈述部分有had better/would rather时，其后的反意疑问句用hadn’t/wouldn’t。如：‎ ‎①You’d better not stay here, had you? ②They would rather take this one, wouldn’t they?‎ 四、陈述句主语是某些不定代词的反意疑问句：‎ ‎1、陈述句部分主语是everything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。如：‎ ‎①Everything seems all right, doesn’t it? ②Nothing is in the box, is it?‎ ‎2、陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, no one, none, either, some one时，其后的反意疑问句用主语they以兼顾所指代的男、女两性。如：‎ ‎①Everybody has got the new books, haven’t they?‎ ‎②Anyone can do that, can’t they? ③No one is interested in that, are they?‎ ‎3、陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，其后的反意疑问句一般用主语one。如：‎ One can’t be always careful, can one?‎ 五、含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句：‎ ‎1、陈述部分含有no, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarely, few, little等否定或半否定意义的词时，都视为否定，故反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。如：‎ ‎①Few people knew the answer, did they? ②Little Fran hardly says such words, does he?‎ ‎2、如果陈述部分的否定意义只是由单词加否定前缀构成时，其后的反意疑问句一般要用否定形式。如：‎ He is unhappy, isn’t he?‎ 六、陈述部分的主语是指示代词的反意疑问句：‎ ‎1、陈述部分主语是指示代词this, that时，其后的反意疑问句用主语it。如：‎ This is important, isn’t it?‎ ‎2、陈述部分主语是指示代词these, those时，其后的反意疑问句用主语they。如：‎ Those are mine, aren’t they?‎ 七、反意疑问句的其他特殊形式：‎ ‎1、陈述部分是“I’m…”结构时，其后的反意疑问句用aren’t I？如：‎ I am a student, aren’t I ?‎ ‎2、陈述部分是there be或there live, there stand, there used to be等结构时，其后的反意疑问句用主语there。如：‎ ‎①There is something wrong with your bike, isn’t there?‎ ‎②There lived a king here many years ago, didn’t there?‎ ‎3、陈述部分的主语是动词不定式、动名词短语以及词组或从句时，其后的反意疑问句用主语it。如：‎ ‎①Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes, isn’t it?‎ ‎②What the teacher said is true, isn’t it?‎ ‎4、感叹句后的反意疑问句，动词用be的现在时，主语根据具体内容而定。如：‎ ‎①What a clever girl, isn’t she? ②How beautiful the flowers are, aren’t they?‎