英语中考常考考点归纳 4页

‎2015年英语中考语法常考考点归纳 1. 名词 可数名词：1）可用a/an 2) 可用some, any, many, few, a few等 ‎ 3）单数变复数：photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, leaf-leaves, knife-knives, baby-babies等 ‎ 不可数名词：1）不用a/an 2) 可用some, much, little, a little等 ‎3）常见：work, homework, housework, weather, information, news, advice, music, traffic ‎ 名词所有格：1）Lily’s bike 2)Lily and Lucy’s bike 3) Lily’s and Lucy’s bikes ‎ 4)Teachers’ Day , Women’s Day, Children’s Day ‎ ‎ 5)a friend of mine = one of my friends 我的一个朋友 ‎2.代词 只用宾格 ‎ 人称代词：主格、宾格 注意 1）动词、介词后的代词常用宾格2)teach sb. sth.‎ ‎ 物主代词：形容词性物主代词（后面要接名词）‎ ‎ 名词性物主代词（可单独使用，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词）‎ ‎ 反身代词：help oneself to, enjoy oneself ,dress oneself, teach oneself, ‎ learn …by oneself, introduce oneself ‎ 指示代词：one, that 和it 的用法 ‎ 注意it 的常考句型：‎ 1） It is + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.‎ 2） Sb. find/think/feel + it +形容词+ to do sth.‎ 3） It seems that…. 6) It’s said /reported that……‎ 4） It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 7) It takes sb. time to do sth….‎ 5） It’s one’s duty /turn to do sth.‎ ‎ 不定代词：1）some, any 2)many,much 3)few, a few, little, a little ‎ 4）不定代词+形容词 意思 都 都不 另一个 任一 每一 两者 both neither the other either each 三者以上 all none another any every ‎ 注意 疑问代词：who, whose, which, what, why等 ‎3.数词 基数词：one, two, three…‎ ‎ 序数词：first, second, third, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twenty-first…‎ ‎ 注意 1） hundreds of two hundred students ‎ thousands of three thousand trees ‎ millions of four million people ‎ billions of five billion dollars ‎2) an eight-year-old boy 3) in the 1970s = in the ‎1970’‎s(在20世纪70年代)‎ ‎ 4）时刻表达法：fifteen to six = a quarter to six 六点差十五分 ‎ fifteen past six = a quarter past six 六点超十五分 half past six 六点半 ‎ 5）分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母要加s.‎ ‎ three quarters = three fourths 四分之三 ‎4.介词：1）表示时间 in + 年份、月份、季节 : in 2009, in summer, in September ‎ on + 具体一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上: on Sunday morning at + 时刻：at 12:30 ‎ ‎ 注意 1）on the morning of July 5th ， in the morning/afternoon/ evening，at noon ‎ ‎2) except, besides, but 3) with，without 4) in the tree 与on the tree ‎ 5) 表示位置：in, to, on ‎5.连词1）either…or… , neither … nor… , not only… but also… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词根据后者来定，而 both… and… , 谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎2）when, while的用法 3）as soon as 4)not… until… 5）unless ‎ 后面的动词常用进行时 ‎ 6) though/but 和 because/ so 的用法：二者不能同时用 ‎6.形容词: 1）be +形容词 2)形容词+ 名词 3）不定代词+形容词 4）keep/make+ 形容词 ‎ 原级：1）as…as… 2)not so/as… as… 3)less…than… 4)so…that… ‎ ‎ 5) too…to do sth 6)…enough to do sth.‎ ‎ 比较级 ：1)…比较级+ than… 2) Which is…, A or B? 3)The +比较级,the + 比较级 ‎ 4) 比较级+ and + 比较级 (better and better, more and more beautiful)‎ ‎ 注意：修饰比较级的词有：much, a little, a bit, a lot, even, still, any等。‎ ‎ 最高级：1) Which is…, A， B or C ? 2)the + 序数词 + 最高级 ‎ 3）one of the + 最高级+ 名词复数 4）句中出现有of/ in 短语 ‎ 注意 Of all the students, Tom is the tallest.‎ ‎ Of the two students, Tom is the taller.‎ ‎7.副词：1)行为动词+ 副词：work hard, listen to me carefully ‎ ‎ 2)副词 + 形容词： very beautiful ‎ 3)副词的比较级和最高级与形容词的构成一样，但副词的最高级前常省略the ‎8.冠词：‎ ‎ 不定冠词（a, an）: a useful language, a university, a unit, a European boy an hour, an honest man, an engineer, an umbrella, an unimportant meeting ‎ 定冠词（the）: 用在乐器、独一无二、序数词、形容词最高级前 ‎ 零冠词（不用冠词）：1)三餐、球类、棋类前不用冠词 2）by + 交通工具 ‎9.动词 ‎ 连系动词：1)be 动词（is, am, are, was , were） 2)感官动词 (smell, look, taste, feel, sound)‎ ‎ 3)表示状态变化的：become, get, turn…4)表示状态不变的：keep, remain ‎ 助动词：do, does, did, have, has, shall, will ‎ ‎ 情态动词：can, may, must, need, should…‎ 注意 1) Must I …? 否定回答：No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.‎ ‎ May I…? 否定回答：No, you mustn’t.‎ ‎ 2) need 情态动词：need + 动词原形 （只用于疑问句和否定句中）‎ ‎ 行为动词：need to do sth. ‎ ‎ 3) had better (not) do sth.‎ ‎ 4)表示猜测：must 一定，肯定，could可能，might也许，can’t不可能 ‎ 行为动词（实义动词）：构成疑问句和否定句时，要借助助动词 ‎10.时态 ‎ 现在进行时：am/is/are + 现在分词（即动词-ing）‎ ‎ 一般现在时：注意单三形式 （否定句和疑问句中添加助动词do/does）‎ ‎ 一般过去时：注意动词过去式（否定句和疑问句中添加助动词did）‎ ‎ 一般将来时：will + 动词原形 ；am/is/are going to +动词原形 ‎ 过去进行时：was/were +现在分词 ‎ 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词 ‎11.被动语态 ‎1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词 ‎2)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词 ‎3)一般将来时被动语态：will + be + 过去分词 ;am/is/are going to + be +过去分词 ‎4)含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 ‎12．非谓语动词 ‎ 动词不定式：1) want,decide,agree,ask,tell,teach,wish,forget… + to do sth.‎ ‎ 2) 疑问词 + to do sth.‎ ‎ 3) It is + 形容词 +( for sb.) + to do sth.‎ ‎ 4) I find/feel/think it + 形容词 + to do sth.‎ ‎ 5) 感官动词、使役动词变为被动语态，要加上to.如：be made to do sth.‎ ‎ 动名词：1）enjoy, finish, mind, keep… + doing sth.‎ ‎ 2) My hobby is playing basketball.= Playing basketball is my hobby.‎ ‎ (动名词，而不是现在分词)‎ ‎ 注意 1)区分 stop doing sth.和 stop to do sth.‎ ‎ 2) 区分forget/remember doing sth. 和forget/remember to do sth.‎ ‎ 3) 区分see/watch/notice sb. doing sth. 和see/watch/notice sb. do sth.‎ ‎13.句子种类 ‎ 陈述句 ‎ 疑问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句（句中的连词用or）‎ ‎ 反意疑问句： 1) 前肯+ 后否 2)前否+ 后肯 注意 1)当前面出现否定词never,no,seldom,hardly,none,few,little,‎ nobody,nothing 等时，后面用肯定.‎ ‎ 2)当前面是There be 句型时，后面用there 作主语。‎ ‎ 如：There is little water in it, is there?‎ ‎ 3)Let’s go home,shall we? 4)I don’t think he is right, is he?‎ 祈使句：肯定：Open the door. 否定：Don’t open the door.‎ 感叹句：1）How + 形/副 + （主语 + 谓语）！‎ ‎ 2）What + (a/an) + 形 + 名词 +（主语 + 谓语）！‎ ‎ 常考的不可数名词：work, homework, housework, weather, information, news, advice, music, traffic ‎14.简单句的基本句型：‎ ‎ 1）主语+ 连系动词+表语。 2）主语+ 不及物动词 ‎ 3）主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语 4）主语+ 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ‎ 5）主语+ 及物动词 +宾语+宾语补足语 ‎ 6）There be句型 注意 1)There be 的反意疑问句 ‎ There is a book and two pens on the desk,isn’t there?‎ ‎ There are two pens and a book on the desk,aren’t there?‎ ‎ There is no water,is there?‎ ‎ 2) There be的一般将来时：‎ ‎ There will be…. (√) There will have… (×)‎ ‎ There is/are going to be…(√) There is/are going to have…(×)‎ ‎15.主谓一致 ‎ （1）当主语部分含有with,besides,except,but,like,as well as,together with等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由前面的主语决定。‎ ‎ Mike with his classmates has been to England.迈克同他的同学去过英格兰。‎ ‎ Tom,like his brother,enjoys playing football.汤姆像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。‎ ‎ The student as well as his parents is at home. 这学生和家长都在家。‎ ‎ (2)就近原则：在there be 句型中以及neither…nor…, either…or…, not only …but also…,not…but…等连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。‎ ‎ There is a pen and some books on the desk.‎ ‎ Neither he nor Lucy knows anything about it.‎ ‎ Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the museum.‎ ‎ (3)“a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，“the number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍伐了。‎ ‎ The number of students in our class is 42. 我们班的学生人数是42.‎ ‎ （4）不定代词something, anybody,everyone等作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ Is everyone here today?‎ ‎ (5) 表示时间，距离，价格，重量，数目等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。Two months is a long holiday.‎ ‎ （6）each, neither,either,another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩都不漂亮。‎ ‎16.主从复合句 ‎ (1）宾语从句：注意---连接词、语序、时态 ‎ 连接词 that (可省略)‎ ‎ if/ whether “是否”‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词 ‎ 语序：从句用陈述句的语序.I want to know when the train will leave.‎ ‎ 时态: 1)当主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用任何一种时态。‎ ‎ 2)当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态。但是，当从句是客观事实或真理时，只能用一般现在时。‎ ‎ I want to know if he will come back tomorrow.‎ ‎ He told me (that) he would come back tomorrow.‎ ‎ He told me (that) the sun rises in the east.‎ ‎ (2)定语从句 ‎ 先行词指物，关系词用that/ which.‎ ‎ 先行词指人，关系词用that/ who/ whom.‎ ‎ 先行词指时间，关系词用when. ‎ ‎ 先行词指地点，关系词用 where.‎ ‎ The pen that I gave you just now is my brother’s.‎ ‎ 先行词 定语从句，关系词that可省略 ‎ The boy who you saw in the library yesterday is my brother.‎ ‎ 先行词 定语从句，关系词是who ‎ (3)状语从句 ----- 注意“主将从现”，if, unless, when, not…until, as soon as等 ‎ 时间状语从句：I will tell him the news when he comes.‎ ‎ I will give the book to him as soon as he comes back tomorrow.‎ ‎ I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.‎ ‎ 条件状语从句：I will go shopping with my aunt if I am free tomorrow.‎ ‎ They won’t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.‎ ‎ They will go to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.‎