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专题二：重点短语 高考解读 ‎【高考导航】‎ ‎2010高考命题趋向分析 1． depend on是高考中出现频率很高的单词，主要考查两个方面：1. 短语depend on / upon 或rely on / upon 依靠，依赖，取决于，以及其后搭配。 2. 固定短语It/ That depends.视情况而定是常用的交际用语 ‎ 2． as的用法主要考查as的固定短语，如as well as , as far as, as good as.的意思以及其常跟的搭配，另外as作为连词，意为尽管，即使引导让步状语从句时需要倒装以及引导时间状语从句是与介词with的区别 3． 对于adjust主要考查其介词搭配to。Adjust既可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词，所以可以构成以下结构adjust to…或adjust oneself to…；此外adjust还可以表示“校正;校准;调整”的含义。另adjust to与adapt to的区别也是高考考查的重点，考生需要注意adapt to除表示“适应，使适应”的含义外还可以表示“改编,改写”，此时与介词for或 from连用。意为：“为…改写”或“由…改编” ‎ 4. get used to意为：习惯于。高考考查的重点在于get used to与be used to不同，get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，表示“渐渐习惯....而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态。另外be used to与 used to do； be used to do 的区别也是高考考查的重点：be used to是“习惯...”的意思 ，后接名词；used to是“过去曾经...”的意思 ，后接动词而be used to do表示...被用来做某事 ‎5． 短语in turn 是高考考查的重点，主要考查in turn与其他in+ 名词短语的含义辨析。如： in order 井然有序； in doubt感到怀疑；in common 共有； in debt 负债； in trouble 处于困境中in general一般地；in case 以防万一等 ‎ 【真题品析】‎ ‎1．．（09浙江卷）The good thing about children is that they _______ very easily to new environments.‎ ‎ A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply ‎【答案】A 考查动词词义　‎ ‎【点拨】 根据句意“孩子们的优势就是孩子们能很容易适应新的环境”； appeal to "有吸引力；呼吁；求助于；attach to "粘上、附上"等；apply to "应用于、适用于" ；adapt to "适应"，选A符合句意 ‎2．（07天津卷）---- Could you turn the TV down a little bit?‎ ‎---- ________. Is it disturbing you?‎ A. Take it easy. B. I’m sorry. C. Not a bit D. It depends ‎【答案】 B 考查交际用语 ‎【点拨】根据句意，“打扰你了吗？”应为“对不起” ‎ ‎3（09 湖南卷）______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. ‎ A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as ‎ ‎【答案】 A 考查连词 ‎【点拨】 根据句意，应使用表示尽管，故选A。‎ ‎4 .（高考真题）Was the wood ________ this bridge cut from that hill? ‎ ‎　　A. used to building B. used to build ‎ ‎　　C. was used to building 　D. was used to build ‎【答案】 B 考查used to与be used to 的含义及用法区别 ‎【点拨】 一般疑问句创新题。该句可还原成:The wood used to build this bridge was cut from that hill.其中used to build this bridge为过去分词短语做定语，相当于定语从句，即：The wood which is used to build this bridge was cut from that hill ‎5．（ 07 湖北 ）People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ______________ creates further problems.‎ A. in short B. in case C. in doubt D. in turn ‎【答案】 D 考查介词短语含义 ‎【点拨】 A项“简言之”，B项“以防万一”；C项“怀疑”；D项“反过来”。句意为：人们想开自己的车来避免交通耽搁，这反过来却导致了进一步的问题 知识网络 ‎【考点概览】‎ 重点短语：‎ ‎1 rely on 2 put forward ‎3 think of…as… 4 put… into prison ‎5 be active in 6：get tired of ‎7 have an effect on 8 get used to ‎ ‎9 as far as 10 .assist in doing ‎11．adjust to 12. have mercy on ‎ ‎13. work out 14. set out ‎15. in turn 16. in the eyes of 精讲点拨 考点一： rely on ‎【基础过关】 rely on依赖,依靠；信任 You can't rely on the weather. 这天气可靠不住 You may rely on me to help you. 你可以信赖我会帮助你的 我们别指望他按时来 We can’t rely on his / him coming on time.‎ 现今我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作 Now we rely increasingly on computers for help.‎ Now we rely increasingly on computers to help us.‎ ‎ sb./ sth.‎ ‎ sb./ sth. to do ‎ rely on one’s doing ‎ ‎ sb. / sth. for …‎ ‎ it that…‎ reliable: adj. ‎ Is this information reliable? 这条信息可靠吗？‎ He looks a nice, reliable man .‎ 他看上去是个仁慈可靠的人 ‎【拓展延伸】depend on 依赖；相信；取决于=rely on ==count on Children must depend on their parents.‎ 孩子们必须依赖他们的父母。‎ You can depend on his honesty. ‎ 你可以相信他的诚实。‎ It all depends on how you deal with the problem.‎ 那要看你如何应付这问题而定 It / That depends.视情形而定 You can depend on it that he will join our club.‎ 你可以指望他加入我们的俱乐部 We can depend on his arriving hereon time.‎ 我们可以相信他会准时到来 All living things depend upon the sun for their growth.‎ 万物生长靠太阳。‎ dependence n. 依靠，依赖 independence n. 独立，自立 dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ ‎._____you can understand the passage will usually have to ______upon the context(上下文)to help you.‎ ‎ A. If ;depend B. Whether; lean ‎ ‎ C. If ;stand D. Whether ; rely ‎【答案】D 考查动词词组结合名词性从句 ‎【点拨】 因前面为主语从句，故不能用if,排除A，C。B项lean on 意为依靠，但其后一般不接不定式，故选D rely on意为：依靠，依赖，rely on sb./ sth. to do 考点二：put forward ‎【基础过关】put forward提出（建议、意见）；把钟表等往前拨 A better plan was put forward by an Englishman. 一个英国人提出了一项更好的计划。‎ Shall we put Tom forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?‎ 我们提名汤姆作为委员会主席的候选人,好吗?‎ I put the clock forward to remind him of the meeting 我为了提醒他有关会议的事情，把表拨快了 ‎【拓展延伸】类似的put短语还有：‎ put back拨回；向后移推迟；延期；搁置；拖延 Put back the clock please.把时钟向后拨 They have put back the meeting to the day after tomorrow.‎ 他们把会议推迟到后天 The fire accident in the workshop has put back production 车间里的火灾事故妨碍了生产 put aside 把…放在一边，储存 put away v.放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃 ‎ put on v.穿上, 把...放在上, 装出, 假装, 增加, 欺骗, 添上, 使靠...维持生命 ‎ put up v.举起, 抬起, 进行, 提供, 表现出, 建造, 提名, 推举 ‎ put off v.推迟, 拖延, 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻 ‎ put into v.使进入, 把...翻译成, 在...上种植 ‎ put down v.放下, 拒绝, 镇压, 羞辱, 削减, 记下, 制止, 取缔 ‎ put out v.放出, 伸出, 生产, 消除, 打扰, 麻烦, 作出努力, 使退场 ‎ put in 插话， ‎ put on 穿上， ‎ put down 记下来，写下来， ‎ put sth aside 放到一边， ‎ put it on 假装生气， ‎ put away 收起来， ‎ put sth by 存钱以备不时之需， ‎ put off 推迟，放下 put up with 忍受 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ Before the war broke out, many people __________________in safe places possessions they could not take with them.‎ A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away ‎【答案】B 考查动词短语 ‎【点拨】动词短语解析题，put away储存，存放；throw away 扔掉；give away泄露，赠于；‎ carry away 拿走。根据句意，选B 考点三：think of…as…‎ ‎【基础过关】think of…as…相当于 treat…as, look on…as, consider…as 把…… 看作 He thought of himself as a common soldier.他把自己看一名普通士兵 Don’t look on / consider /regard /think of me as your leader.‎ 不要把我看成你们的领导 ‎【拓展延伸】 1。think短语：‎ think over 仔细考虑 ‎ think out设计出，发现 think about考虑 ‎ think of 想起，考虑，记得，打算 come to think of it细想一下 First think, then speak.[谚]先思而后言 think a lot of喜欢; 尊敬 think aloud自言自语 think and think细想 think away想开了, 想得忘了 think back to回忆起 think better of改变看法; (对某人)有较高的评价 think for认为, 预料 think highly[much, no end, well]of...评价极高; 重视, 赞美; 器重, 看得起 think little [nothing] of轻视, 满不在乎; 对...毫不考虑, 毫不踌躇 think (sth.) out[through]仔细考虑; 想出, 想透; 设计出 think over仔细考虑一下(指想过了, 再想)‎ think to oneself心中想, 盘算, 自思自忖 think twice再三考虑; 踌躇 think up想出, 想起; 捏造, 虚构; 设计出, 发明 think with和...意见相同 ‎ ‎2．与as搭配的短语 ‎ treat…as 把…当做…‎ look on…as 把…视为…‎ ‎ consider…as 把…… 看作…‎ take…as… 把…理解为…‎ have…as… 把…看做…‎ describe …as… 把…描述成…‎ refer to…as… 把…称为…‎ regard…as… 把…看成…‎ make…as… 把…视为…；把…定为…‎ use…as… 把…当做…来使用 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ She is ________________________a kind-hearted girl who is always willing to help others.‎ A. thought B. thought of C. thought of as D. thought as ‎ ‎【答案】 C 考查固定词组的被动式 ‎【点拨】此处是think of sb as…的被动式，意为把…… 看作…‎ 考点四：put… into prison ‎【基础过关】put sb. into prison 把某人关进监狱 ‎ take sb. to prison 把某人送进监狱 throw sb. into prison 把某人投进监狱 ‎ send sb. to prison 把某人关进监狱 be in prison 坐牢 ‎ go to prison 去坐监牢 ‎ get into prison 入狱 ‎ come out of prison 出狱 ‎ break out of prison 越狱 ‎【拓展延伸】prison [C][U] 监狱，看守所例如：‎ The pickpocket was sent to prison for a year.‎ 那个小偷被判处一年监禁。‎ He has been out of prison for 3 years now.他出狱已经3年了。‎ They'll probably put him in prison for a long time.‎ 很有可能，他们会让他在监狱里呆上很长时间 prison 表示“监狱”时，前面一般不加冠词，类似的词有bed，church，court，hospital， school，college，university等。在下列情况下一般不用定冠词the例如：‎ go to bed(to sleep or as invalids) 上床睡觉或（病人）卧床 go to church(to pray) 去教堂祷告 go to court(as litigants) 上法院打官司 go to hospital(as patients) 去医院就医 go to prison(as prisoners) 进监狱坐牢 go to school/college/university(to study) 去学校/学院/大学读书 in bed(sleeping or resting) 在床上（睡觉或休息）‎ at church(as worshippers) 在教堂做礼拜 in court(as witnesses) 在法庭作证 in hospital(as patients) 生病住院 at school(as students) 在学校读书 be/get back/home from school/college 从学校/大学回到家里 leave school离校，放学回家 leave hospital出院 be released from prison 出狱 如果往这些地方去是由于其他原因，则要用定冠词：‎ I went to the church to see the stained glass．‎ 我到教堂看染色拼花玻璃窗去了 He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures．‎ 他有时去监狱给囚犯演讲 ‎【典型例题】 完成句子 ‎1.Now that he was disabled, his house had___________________________.（就成了他的牢笼）‎ ‎2.He __________________（出狱了）after he _____________（在狱中）for five years.‎ ‎3.He _______________________（判了2年监禁）for two years.‎ ‎【答案】 1. become a prison to him ‎ ‎ 2. came out of prison; was in prison / had been in prison ‎ 3. was sent to prison ‎ 考点五： be active in ‎ ‎【基础过关】be active in 积极参加 The company is active in promoting overseas investment. ‎ 这家公司积极促进国外投资 active adj. 积极的；活跃的例如：‎ What is the active ingredient in aspirin? ‎ 什么是阿司匹林中的有效成分？‎ They were both politically active.‎ ‎.他们两人在政治上都很积极。‎ Although he’s nearly 80, he is still active.‎ 尽管快 80岁了， 他还是十分活跃。‎ Mount Vesuvius‎ is an active volcano. 维苏威是一座活火山 an active law 现行法律 ‎【拓展延伸】active构成的短语有：‎ ‎①take an active part in 积极参加例如：‎ She takes an active part in school life.她积极参加学校活动。‎ ‎②take active steps 采取积极措施例如：‎ They took active steps to prevent the spread of the disease.‎ 他们采取积极措施，防止疾病蔓延 同根词：action n. 行动，作用，活动 take action 开始行动; 采取行动(in)‎ be in action 在活动; 在运转; 在战斗 by [under] the action of 在...作用下 out of action 失去作用; 损坏; 有故障 put into action 实行, 实施; 开动; 使开始工作 set into action 实行, 实施; 开动; 使开始工作 put in action 实行, 实施; 开动; 使开始工作 set in action 实行, 实施; 开动; 使开始工作 take an action against sb. 对...提起诉讼, 控告 bring [call] into action 使...参加战斗, 发动; 开动; 使生效 go into action 开始行动; 投入战斗 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。‎ ‎【典型例题】 ‎ If he doesn’t pay us soon, we will have to bring a (an) __________________against him.‎ A. law B. court C. deed D. action ‎【答案】 D 考查名词词义辨析 ‎【点拨】 考查固定短语bring an action against sb. 对...提起诉讼, 控告 考点六：get tired of ‎【基础过关】get tired of 对…不耐烦或感到厌烦 get /be tired of sth. / sb. / doing sth. 对某人/某事/做某事不耐烦或感到厌烦 be sick of sth. / sb. / doing sth. 厌倦或腻烦某人/某事/做某事 be bored with sth. / sb 厌烦某人/某事 我厌烦象这样在一旁等着。‎ I’m tired of waiting around like this.‎ I’m sick of waiting around like this.‎ I’m bored with waiting around like this.‎ I’m sick and tired of waiting around like this.‎ People get tired of a man who is always blowing HIS own horn. 人们对老是吹牛的人感到厌烦 You never get tired of using the computerized dictionary. 电脑辞典，百用不厌 I get tired of hearing my teacher's whiny voice. 我对老师嘀咕不停的声音感到厌烦 ‎【拓展延伸】tired 形容词 ‎ ‎1. 疲倦的[(+from/with)] I was tired after shoveling snow all day. 铲了一天的雪我很累了 ‎ ‎2. 厌倦的;厌烦的 [(+of)] She was tired of watching television. 她看电视看得厌倦了 ‎ ‎3. 陈腐的;破旧的 a tired old car 一辆破旧的汽车 ‎ be tired with 与be tired of辨析 be tired with 因…精疲力竭 ，疲惫 be tired of = be bored with 厌倦…,讨厌…‎ eg: She is tired with hard work.‎ ‎:He was secretly tired of his girlfriend.‎ tiring adj. 累人的;令人疲倦的 tiresome adj. 令人厌倦的，讨厌。的，烦人的 tired adj. 疲倦的；厌倦的;厌烦的 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ Mr. Smith , ____________ of the ______________________speech, started to read a novel.‎ ‎ A. tired; boring B. tiring ; bored ‎ C. tired; bored D. tiring ; boring ‎ ‎【答案】 A 考查形容词 ‎【点拨】 第一个空的逻辑主语为Mr. Smith，故用tired，构成be tired of省略be，形容词做状语。第二个修饰speech，应用v-ing形式的形容词，表示令人厌倦的，讨厌的，烦人的 考点七：have an effect on ‎【基础过关】have an effect on 对……有影响 The news had no effect on her at all. ‎ 这条消息对她没有一点影响。‎ Punishment had very little effect on him. ‎ ‎ 惩罚对他没有什么效果。 ‎ ‎【拓展延伸】effect n 效果；影响；作用 affect vt .影响，感动，侵袭。‎ Smoking affected his health greatly. 吸烟极大地影响了他的健康。‎ They were all affected to tears.他们都感动得流泪了。‎ ‎[辨析] affect和effect辨析 affect 是及物动词，表示“影响，（病）侵袭”，多指不好的影响。当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响，即“感动”。 effect 表示“影响”时，是名词，常用于have an effect on等短语中 ‎ [短语]‎ have an effect on 对……有影响 in effect正在实行；实际上 ‎ side effect副作用 take effect开始实行；开始生效 ‎ without effect没有效果 come into effect生效，实施 ‎ bring/carry sth into effect使……生效 be of no effect 无效果的 put into effect 实行, 实施, 使生效, 实现 go into effect 开始生效, 开始实施 have an impact on 对...有影响; 对..起作用, 产生效果 ‎ The old system is still in effect.旧制度仍有效。‎ He is, in effect, my rival.实际上他是我的竞争对手。‎ The medicine quickly took effect.药很快见效了。‎ ‎【典型例题】 ‎ ‎ A vast area north of China ______by the first heavy snow of the new year，causing difficulties to the post-festival road transport.‎ ‎ A．were affected B．was affected C．had effected D．has affected ‎【答案】 B 考查动词词义辨析 ‎[【点拨】 affect 为动词，意思是“影响；感动”；effect为名词，意思是“影响；效果”。 ‎ 考点八： get used to ‎【基础过关】get used to 习惯于，‎ She is used to hard work. 她习惯于艰苦工作。 ‎ get used to表示“渐渐习惯....”与“be used to”不同，get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态 比如：‎ The food here is not so tasty but you will get used to that 这里的伙食不怎么样，但你会慢慢习惯的 The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that 这里的伙食不怎么样，但是他“已经”习惯了 be used to是“习惯...”的意思 ，后接名词 ‎ 比如：He is used to getting up early他习惯了早起 ‎ Mary is used to her husband's bad temper Mary习惯了她丈夫的坏脾气 ‎ used to是“过去曾经...”的意思 ，后接动词 ‎ 比如：He used to be a teacher。他曾经是一名教师 ‎ I used to go swimming once a week。我曾经每周都去游泳 ‎ be used to do表示...被用来做某事 ‎ Pig Stem Cells to Be Used to Grow Human Organs? ‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 be accustomed to (doing) sth be used to (doing) sth 我习惯了这么早起床进行晨练。‎ I'm accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.‎ accustom vt. 使习惯于 accustom oneself/ sb to sth I have accustomed myself to working long hours.‎ 我已习惯于长时间工作 They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather.‎ 他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。‎ 其中to为介词,类似的常用短语动词还有:‎ look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 be used to 习惯于 be accustomed to 习惯于 lead to 导致 stick to 坚持 object to 反对 ‎ 关于get短语总结：‎ ‎1. get about [around] (能)到处走动，旅行；(消息、谣言等)传播，流传 2. get along 离开(某地) 相处，过日子，合得来； 进展 ‎3. get away 离开，逃离，逃走 ； 逃避责罚，免受处罚，受较轻处罚。‎ ‎4. get back返回，回家；取回，拿回，失而复得 ‎5. get down 下来，取下，放下，弄下，写下，打下，吞下 ‎6. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，认真处理某事 ‎7. get in进站，到达，回来电话；请来； 插话； 收获，收割 8. get off起飞，动身，出发； 下班，下车 ‎9. get on上车进行，进展，过日子；相处 ‎10. get out出来，出去，离开； 拿出，取出； 出版，发表；泄漏，传出 ‎11. get out of 逃避，躲掉；使说出(拿出)等；放弃，戒除，停止 ‎12. get over 走过，越过，渡过； 克服，战胜恢复，痊愈。‎ ‎13. get through做完，用完，吃完，看完； 通过(考试)，接通(电话)，度过(时间)‎ ‎14. get together 聚会，联欢 ‎15. get up起床，起身； 打扮；举办 16. get doing 继续做某事 ；开始做起某事来 17. get done被……；处于某种状态 ‎18. get sb sth / get sth for sb sth / 为某人弄到某物 ‎19. get sb (sth) to . do sth 做某人(某事物)做某事 ‎20. get sb (sth) doing sth 使某人(某事物)(开始)起来 ‎21. get sth done 使某事被做。 22. get to do sth 开始做某事。；有机会做某事，设法做成某事 ‎【典型例题】‎ Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ________ late for his lecture. A. to have students　 B. for students' being　‎ C. for students to be　 D. to students' being ‎ ‎【答案】D 考查动词词组辨析 ‎【点拨】 be used to（sb. 's）doing sth.习惯于（某人）做某事 考点九：as far as ‎【基础过关】as far as （1）远到...；（2）尽...;就...‎ We walked as far as the river. 我们一直走到河边。‎ We didn’t go as far as the others. 我们走得不如其他人远 I’ve read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章 We’ll help you as far as is possible. 我们会尽可能帮你 As far as I know, that is highly unlikely. 就我所知，那是极不可能的 As far as I can see, there are no mistakes. 据我看 没有什么差错 as far as I am concerned” ‎ 就我而言....；对我来说..... ‎ As far as I am concerned the matter is closed. 对我来说，事情已了结。 ‎ As far as I am concerned , that water is too cold. 对我来说，水太凉了。 ‎ as long as “只要”‎ As long as you keep working, you will get what you want.‎ as good as…相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在 It was as good as new. 这几乎像新的一样。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】as的用法 as conj. ‎ ‎(1) 因为，由于 因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。‎ As you weren’t there, I left a message. ‎ ‎(2) 尽管，即使（注意倒装）‎ 虽然我还小，但是对想要从事的职业，已经很明了。‎ Young as I am, I have already knew what career I wanted to follow.‎ 虽然它只是个孩子，但是他知道很多 Child as he is, he knows a lot.‎ 他试过多次了，却仍打不开那门 (1) Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door.‎ ‎（3）引导时间状语从句，表示“一边……一边……”“随着……”。‎ 随着岁月的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的 As times went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.‎ 注意：表示“随着”时，也可以用with，但with是介词，as是连词。‎ With time going on, he proved to be honest.‎ As time went on, he proved to be honest.‎ as…as… 和……一样 as if/though 好像 ‎ ‎ as well as 也 as it is 事实上 ‎ ‎ as yet至今，迄今 as to 关于 ‎ ‎ as for 至于…… as for sb./ sth. 至于某人/某物 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ ‎_________________________ I can see, there is only one way to keep away from danger.‎ A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if ‎ ‎【答案】 B 考查连词词义 ‎【点拨】 连词词义考查题，as long as “只要”，as far as 就…而言，常与I can see / I know等连用。意为就我所知，依我之见，just as正如，正象，even if 即使 ‎ 考点十：assist in doing ‎【基础过关】assist vi. & vt. 帮助；援助；协 assist in 为动词短语，意为”帮助，援助，协助”‎ assist in doing sth assist sb in doing sth ‎ assist sb to do sth.‎ assist sb with sth ① He assisted his father in cleaning the car.‎ ② 他帮他父亲清洗车子 ‎②Two students assisted me with the experiment.‎ 两个学生帮助我做这个实验 ‎③He assisted us to establish a new company. =‎ He assisted us in establishing a new company.‎ 他帮助我们成立一家新公司 ‎④My father assisted in building our new house.‎ 我的父亲帮助我们盖新房子。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】assistance为名词，意为”帮助，援助”。‎ assistant作名词时，意为”助手，助理”；作形容词时，意为”副的，辅佐的”。‎ come to one’s assistance 援助某人 give sb. assistance / give assistance to sb. 给某人以帮助 I will give/lend assistance to them. 我要帮助他们。‎ She is Professor Brown’s assistant. 他是布朗教授的助手 ‎[辨析]help, aid与assist 这些动词都表示对一种需要的完成、努力的促进、目标的取得起一份作用。help和aid 表示的意义最广泛，常常可以互换，但是help有时所表达的有效意味更为强烈一些；assist通常表示的是起第二位作用或者以下属的身份起作用，即从旁协助 a medication that helps/aids the digestion 有助于消化的药物 a fine sense of rhythm that helped/aided the student in learning music 有助于学生学习音乐的良好的节奏感 ‎ Two students assisted me with the experiment. 两个学生协助我做这个实验 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ Do you know the brave people ______ the police ______ looking into the murder case?     A. assist; in    B. assist; with    C. assisting; with    D. assisting; in ‎【答案】 D 考查动词介词搭配及非谓语动词 ‎【点拨】assist sb in doing sth ；assist sb with sth因后为looking，故排除B；C项，又因people 与assist为主动关系，所以答案为D。‎ 考点十一：adjust to ‎ ‎【基础过关】adjust to ‎ 1.调节;改变...以适应[(+to)] She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活 ‎ The body quickly adjusts to changes in temperature.‎ 身体迅速调节以适应气温的变化 Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航员在飞行中得适应失重状态 ‎ ‎2. 校正;校准;调整 I must adjust my watch, it's fast. 我的表快了,我得把它校准。 ‎ Your coat collar needs adjusting. / to be adjusted.‎ 你外衣的衣领需要弄好 adjustable adj.可调整的；可校正的 adjustment n.调整，调节，修整 ‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 adapt vt. / vi. ‎ ‎1. 使适应,使适合；适应[(+to)] He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况 ‎ He has not yet adapted to the climate. 他还没适应这种气候 ‎2. 改编,改写[(+for)] [(+from)] 这个故事被改编成电视剧 The story was adapted for a TV play.‎ 难的书籍有时被改编，以适应学校之用 Difficult books are sometimes adapted for use in schools.‎ ‎ [发散思维]‎ ‎（派）adapter/adaptor n.改编者；改造者 adaptation n.适应；改编 ‎ adaptable adj.能适应的；可改编的 ‎【典型例题】 完成句子：‎ 1． He ____________________________（较适合）a job with older purples.‎ ‎2. The body quickly （适应）changes in temperature.‎ ‎3. The former soldiers who （很难适应平民生活）went on strike last week.‎ ‎4.Our eyes slowly （适应）the dark.‎ ‎【答案】 1. is better suited to 2. adjusts to ‎3. have difficulty in adjusting to civilian life 4. adapt to ‎ ‎【点拨】adapt表示为达到新的要求而进行较大程度的改变或变化，强调进行改变的目的。 adjust表示为达到新的要求而进行的细微的变化或改变，也用来指人为适应变化了的环境而调整自己 adapt 指“修改或改变以适应新条件”, 如: You should adapt yourself to the new environment.你应该适应新环境 adjust 指“调整”、“调节”使之适应, 如: You can't see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes. 你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后, 你才看得见 . is suited to / for sth.适合于人或人能做的事情 考点十二：have mercy on [upon]‎ ‎【基础过关】have mercy on [upon] 对...有怜悯心 They have little mercy on their enemy. 他们对敌人毫不宽容。‎ Fire and water have no mercy. 水火无情 Only if you don't have mercy on yourself, you will reach a new utmost limit. ‎ 只有不怜惜自己才能达到新的极限 He was calm enough to have mercy on Shylock.‎ 他依旧心情平静并怜悯夏洛克 ‎【拓展延伸】 at the mercy of 在...的掌握之中, 完全受...支配, 任...摆布 have mercy on [upon] 对...有怜悯心 show mercy to sb.对某人起了怜悯之心 have sb. at one's mercy 使某人任凭自己摆待, 任由某人摆布 beg for mercy 乞求宽大, 讨饶, 乞怜 for mercy(=for mercy's sake) 请大发慈悲, 请可布 in one's mercy 出于恻隐之心 without mercy 残忍地, 毫不留情地 mercy宽大；宽恕；慈悲；幸运 show mercy to sb. 对某人起了怜悯之心 They showed little mercy to the enemies.‎ 他们对敌人毫不怜悯 We were treated with mercy 我们受到仁慈的待遇 That is a mercy!‎ 那真是幸运!‎ It is a mercy that you did not go.‎ 你幸好没有去。‎ merciful adj. 仁慈的 merciless adj. 残酷的 如： The ship was at the mercy of the storm.‎ 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制 He threw himself on my mercy.‎ 他请求我宽恕他 It is a mercy she wasn’t hurt in the accident.‎ 她在事故中未受伤，真是幸运 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ Have _______________________on him, he is only a boy.‎ A. pitiness B. mercy C. kindness D. courage ‎【答案】 B 考查固定搭配 ‎【点拨】have mercy on [upon] sb.为固定搭配，意思是：对…表示同情 考点十三：work out ‎【基础过关】work out 意为：解决；计算出；详细拟订（计划，方案等）；理解；锻炼；‎ 成功地发展；如：‎ ‎1．Can you work out（计算出）how much money for repairing the temple?‎ ‎2．We must work out （拟订） all the details of the plan before starting out.‎ ‎3．I’m not telling you the answer ---work it out for（理解） yourself.‎ ‎4．Li Ming works out （锻炼）with weight three times a week.‎ ‎5．How did his suggestions work out?（结果）‎ ‎【拓展延伸】‎ work around / round to 渐渐转变（话题，主题等）‎ work to sth.按照（时间，计划表等）；依据…行事 work up 逐步发展；努力改进 work sb. / oneself up (into sth.)使激动； 使发怒 work up to 逐步发展到； 逐渐达到 ‎【典型例题】 ‎ We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite ___________________ as planned.‎ A. find out B.give out C.hand out D. work out ‎ ‎【答案】 D 考查动词短语意义辨析 ‎【点拨】 本题考查动词短语意义辨析。find out查明，发现，了解；.give out分发，筋疲力尽，用完；hand out分发；work out算出，结果是。根据句意：“我们本想正午前完成任务，但结果并没有象计划的那样。”可知应选work out 考点十四： set out ‎【基础过关】set out 动身，出发；（怀着目标）开始工作，展开任务 Then they set out for the farm. ‎ 然后他们动身到农场去 They set out to perform the operation. ‎ 他们开始动手术。‎ She set out to break the world record .‎ 她一新努力要打破世界记录 ‎【拓展延伸】‎ set about + n. / pron. / doing 着手开始做……‎ set down 记下，写下 set an example to sb. 为某人树立榜样 set foot in /on 到达，进入，踏上 set aside 节省；储蓄；搁置 set back 推迟；延误；把钟表往回拨 set off 引爆；衬托 set off for 开始；动身 ‎【典型例题】‎ For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll ________________________ my own business someday.‎ A.turn up B.fix up C. set up D. make up ‎ ‎【答案】 C 考查动词短语意义辨析 ‎【点拨】本题考查短语解释。turn up找到，出现，证明出，调大；fix up 修补，解决，治愈；set up建立，成立；make up编造，组成，化妆。‎ 考点十五： in turn ‎ ‎【基础过关】in turn 转而，反过来，轮流 You must not speak out of your turn.‎ 没有轮到你，你不能发言。‎ She went hot and cold by turns.‎ 她一阵子发热，一阵子发冷。‎ We take turns at cooking. / to cook. ==We cook by turns.‎ 我们轮流下厨 The students called out their names in turn.‎ 学生们依次报出自己的名字 ‎【拓展延伸】 ‎ by turns 轮流地，交替地 out of turn 不按顺序地，不合适宜地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 take turns at doing sth. 轮流做某事 do sth. by turns 轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事了 at the turn of the century 在世纪之交 on the turn 正在转变，正在好转 take / make a turn 转弯 ‎【典型例题】‎ As is known to us, theory is based on practice and __ serves practice A. by chance   B.in turn      C in return    D by turn ‎【答案】 B 考查介词短语 ‎【点拨】 A. by chance偶然的； B.in turn 转而，反过来； C in return 作为回报；by turn轮流地，交替地。根据题意：众所周知理论建立在实践基础上，又反过来为实践服务，所以答案为B 考点十六： in the eyes of ‎【基础过关】in the eyes of 从（某人）的眼光来看；依据（某人）的想法；从……角度来看；在（某人）看来 In the eyes (从……角度来看)of the law,stealing is an offence, no matter what your motives.‎ In the eyes (在……看来)of Premior Wen Jiabao, there is never too small a thing as far as peasants are concerned.‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 ‎ an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 be all eyes 目不转睛 catch sb.’s eye 吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注目 have an eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光 have one’s eye on / upon 注意；伺机 keep an eye open / out (for) 留心；警觉；注意 keep an / one’s eye on 密切注意；留神；看守；看管 look a person in the eye 直视 / 正视某人 with an eye to 指望；期待 see eye to eye 与（某人）看法一致 can’t take one’s eyes off sb. / sth.. 无法将目光从某人身上 / 某物上移开 make eyes at sb / give sb the eye 向某人送秋波,向某人抛媚眼 apple of one’s eyes 心肝宝贝,掌上明珠 ‎ turn a blind eye to 对……装看不见 ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎------How selfish that young man is! --------Yes.To our surprise,he turns a blind ______ to the old granny standing nearby him. A.sight B.face C. eye D.ear ‎【答案】 C 考查固定短语的含义 ‎【点拨】turn a blind eye to sth 是固定短语，表示“故意对周围的事视而不见”的意思. 从题意我们能够得知他们在说这个年轻人多么的自私，所以选择C。‎ 同步练习 ‎1．.—Did you remember to give Jenny the money? —Yes. ________ I saw her, I'm sure.‎ A. So long as     B. So far as          C. The moment　    D. Any time ‎. Foreign Minister of China used plain language to make the Chinese foreign policy ‎ ‎2 ________________ to the whole world at the press conference last week. .‎ A. get along            B. get across             C. get over                 D. get around .‎ ‎3. Wind ___________________ electricity widely in many parts of the world.‎ A. is used to produce B. . is used to producing ‎ C. used to produce D. used to producing ‎4.These two areas are similar _____________________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.‎ ‎ A to that B. besides that C. in that D. except that ‎5---What did she _____________________so much money?‎ ‎ ---- Nothing but a necklace made by glass.‎ A. spend on B. pay for C. buy for D. sold for ‎6.I don’t consider him a nice man to work with;I’m getting__________________-his empty talk.‎ A.ready for B. tired of ‎ C. interested in D. anxious about ‎7. ---I’d like to go to the movie with you ,Dad.‎ ‎ ---Sorry,my son, but only the grown-ups are______________________in.‎ A. required B. intended C. admitted D. supposed ‎8．Don’t laugh, or he will _____ .‎ A. see through us B. see us through ‎ C. see us off D. see to us ‎9．Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company， as‎3M.‎ ‎ A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known ‎10．All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were .He died soon ‎ afterwards.‎ A. in place B. in return C. in vain D. in order ‎11 Though we did our best, all our efforts were of no .‎ ‎ A. cause B. result C. value D. effect ‎12．I have for the trick he played on me.‎ ‎ A. paid him back B. picked him up ‎ C. seen him off D. looked him down ‎13．.When he saw his father his paper plane, he burst into .‎ A. tore up；tear B. tear up；tears C. tore down；tears D. tore off；tears ‎14．The book has been well received, but actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.‎ ‎ A. in terms of B. in place of ‎ C. in a way D. in line with ‎15．——Is there any hope of saving his life?‎ ‎——His injuries are extremely serious, but he’s expected to ____.‎ A. pull in B. pull through C. pull up D. pull over 参考答案 1—5 CBACC 6—10 BCABC 11--15 DABAB