中考英语三轮复习中考阅读理解直接理解性题目解题方法及练习 7页

‎2013中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解直接理解性题目解题方法及练习 ‎ ‎ 同学们好，我们今天要一起研究的是直接理解性阅读理解题应该怎样解答，这类题的解题要点是找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词：指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思相反或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后，再将四个答案与此句内容对照后，就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同，则该答案即为正确答案。 ‎ ‎        下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到正确的答案。‎ ‎　Passage 1‎ ‎　　If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).‎ ‎　　A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels.‎ ‎       If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then?‎ ‎　   Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.‎ Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.‎ ‎　　An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.‎ ‎　　1.A comet is like ________.‎ ‎　　A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth ‎　　2.A large part of a comet is ______.‎ ‎　　A.water and rock ‎ ‎        B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron ‎　　C. ice, iron and rock dust ‎ ‎        D. only a few big pieces of rock ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎ ‎　　3.Maybe many people _______.‎ ‎　　A. haven’t seen any comets B. have seen all comets ‎　　C. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet ‎　　4.Some comets keep coming back ________.‎ ‎　　A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime ‎　　5.Halley’s Comets came back _____.‎ ‎       A. in 1990 B. in 1980 C. in 1986 D. in 1989‎ Passage 1‎ ‎　　【答案与解析】本文向我们介绍了有关彗星方面的知识。与地球一样，彗星也是绕太阳旋转的，它本身不发光，靠反射太阳的光而发亮。短文中还介绍了彗星的成因，它拖着的长尾巴是如何形成的以及著名的哈雷彗星名字的由来。‎ ‎　　1.D。“Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but…”是判断本题的根据。‎ ‎　　2.C。根据“…is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.”这句话即能得出答案。‎ ‎　　3.D。由第五段的首句“Many people perhaps have seen a comet.”可知。‎ ‎　　4.C。“Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times.”一句是答案的出处。‎ ‎        5.C。哈雷彗星每七十六年才能看到一次。再结合“…the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986.”这句话的意思，即可得到答案。‎ ‎       上面的五个问题我们都可以很容易的在原文找到对应的部分，这种题实际上是最不容易出错误的，因为只要你找到了对应句，即使有个别的单词不能理解，也能够答对，下面再来试一文章，看看你的准确率哦。‎ Passage 2  ‎ ‎        A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet.‎ ‎　　“What’s the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived.‎ ‎　　“My cow's ill,” the farmer said. “I don’t know what's the matter with her. She’s lying down and won’t eat. She's making a strange noise.”‎ ‎　　The vet looked over the cow. "She's certainly ill," he said, "and she needs to take some very strong medicine."‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better."‎ ‎　 “How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked.‎ ‎　　The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That'll make it."‎ ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎ ‎　　The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried.‎ ‎　　“How's your cow?” the vet asked.‎ ‎　　“No change,” the farmer said, “and I’m feeling very strange myself.”‎ ‎　　“Oh?” the vet said, "Why?"‎ ‎　　“I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow's mouth and then put two pills down it.”‎ ‎　　“And?” the vet asked.‎ ‎　　“The cow blew first,” the farmer said.‎ ‎　　1.In the story, the vet must be _________.‎ ‎　　A. the farmer's friend B. a milk factory ‎ ‎　　C. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals ‎　　2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______‎ ‎　　A. couldn't lie down B. didn't eat the pills ‎ ‎　　C. couldn't make any noise D. was ill ‎　　3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer?‎ ‎　　A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube.‎ ‎　　C. Two pills. D. A small box.‎ ‎4.The vet taught the farmer how _________.‎ ‎　　A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pills ‎　　C. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth ‎　　5.Which of the following is true?‎ ‎　　A. The farmer ate the pills himself.‎ ‎　　B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.‎ ‎　　C. The vet came to help farmer change the cow the next day.‎ ‎　　D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day. Passage 2‎ ‎　　【答案与解析】这篇令人忍俊不禁的幽默的主要内容是：一个农夫的牛病倒了。兽医给了他一些药和一根管子，并告诉他怎么样用这根管子给牛喂药。第二天，兽医再次到农场时发现那位农夫坐在家门口，一脸的焦虑不安。原来他的牛病情并没有好转。他说自己按照兽医的嘱咐做了，可当他将管子插入牛的嘴里，并放进两粒药丸，正想吹气时，牛却先吹了一口气。‎ ‎　　1.D。根据短文内容，很容易推测出该词的汉语意思是“兽医”。答案当然是D。‎ ‎　　2.D。由“She’s lying down and won’t eat. She's making a strange noise.”可以排除A和B。C显然不对。‎ ‎　　3.C。“He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand…”一句是答案的出处。‎ ‎　　4.B。 由“How should I give them to her?”这句话可知。‎ ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎ ‎　　5.A.根据短文最后一句话，不难想象，没等农夫吹气，牛先吹了一口气，将药丸吹到了农夫的嘴里。‎ 做这样类型的题有一种小技巧，你可以在回答问题的时候同时把答案的相应部分用笔标出来，这样的好处有两个，一是提高准确率，二是当你觉得哪个答案有可能有误差的时候可以只针对那句话和它的上下文来判断，不必阅读整篇文章。‎ ‎       下面是两篇练习，看看你今天是否掌握了方法，一定要先做完再看答案和讲解哦。‎ Passage 3‎ ‎　　On November 18th, 1908, three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Auguste Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon, and they were ready for a long way.‎ ‎　　Soon they heard the sea below them. They were carrying the usual rope , and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight. They were also carrying some bags of sand.‎ ‎　　After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. There was also some snow on the balloon, and that made it very heavy. It began to go down towards the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling; so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake below and made a black hole in the ice.‎ At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 meters! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London!‎ ‎　　1.Three men flew in a balloon _________.‎ ‎　　A. more than a century ago B. to visit Poland　C. for nearly 1,800 kilometers D. to another city ‎　　2.The metal box was used for _______.‎ ‎　　A. changing weight B. carrying ropes of the basket ‎　　C. keeping drinking water D. carrying the bags of sand ‎　　3.When the balloon went up higher, ________.‎ ‎　　A.they saw the sun go down 　　B. the temperature of the balloon began to fall ‎　　C. they could see a black hole on the ground D. they made a hole in the basket with their knives ‎　　4.The balloon landed __________.‎ ‎　　A. in a foreign country B. on a lake 　C. in London D. on the sea ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎ ‎　　5.The three men had to land because _______.‎ ‎　　A.they were very hungry B. they had not enough sand ‎　　C. they pulled the box into the basket D. they felt too cold Passage 3‎ ‎　　【答案与解析】这是发生在历史上的一则历险小故事。1908年12月，三个人乘坐气球从伦敦出发，进行了一次长途旅行。为了能有效地控制气球的重量，他们在气球下方挂了一个能盛水的金属盒子，还事先携带了沙子。随着气球的升高，气球上面结满了冰，于是引起了一系列的麻烦。历尽千难万险，总算化险为夷。可当气球升至五千多米的高空时，他们实在无法忍受严寒，结果在波兰安全降落。‎ ‎　　1.C。由首句的1908年可知A项有误。另外，这三个人打算从伦敦出发乘气球作长距离旅行，由于天气状况不好，只好在波兰(Poland)着陆。行程达1,797公里，将近1,800公里。‎ ‎　　2.A. 根据“This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight.”可知，金属盒里盛的水是并非是饮用水，而是用来改变气球重量的。文中还说他们同时也带了几袋沙子来调节气球的重量。　‎ ‎　　3.B.根据“It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold.”或地理常识可断定B为最佳答案。‎ ‎　　4.A.如果气球降落在湖上或海上，那将是很危险的，联系“They came down in Poland heavily but safely”，可知A是最佳答案。‎ ‎　　5.D.答案源自最后一段中的“They were so cold that they decided to land.”一句。‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 4‎ ‎　　If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place.‎ ‎　　There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信号) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.‎ ‎　　Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (枪声). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.‎ ‎　　If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house---cover up to the holes with branches (树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.‎ ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎ ‎　　What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.‎ ‎1.If you lost in the forest, you should _______.‎ ‎　　A.stay where you are and give signals three times ‎　　B.walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear you ‎　　C.try to find your friends as soon as possible ‎　　D.try to get out of the forest and shout for help ‎　　2.If you want to let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun, you should _______.‎ ‎　　A. tell people that you are lost B. keep up shouting or whistling ‎　　C. shout at the top of your voice D. shout or whistle three times ‎　　3.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, __________.‎ ‎　　A. you should shout more loudly B. you can whistle three times ‎　　C. it is an answer to your call for help D. you should try to run to them ‎　　4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you should ________.‎ ‎　　A.just go to the river ‎ ‎　　B. find some glasses or bottles before you go ‎　　C. make a fire so that you can have some tea ‎　　D. leave marks so that you can find your way back ‎　　5.This passage mainly tells you __________.‎ ‎　　A.when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for help ‎　　B.What you should do if you get lost in a forest ‎　　C.any signal given twice means an answer to a call for help ‎　　D.how you can live longer in a forest Passage 4‎ ‎　【答案与解析】如果一个人在森林中迷了路，他该怎么办呢？本文讲述了一个很重要的方法：原地不动，让别人来找你。为了让附近的人尽快发现你处于困境，你可以大喊三声或者吹三声口哨。在别人找到你之前，你还应当学会自我保护。比如怎样做饭或者搭建一张床等。‎ ‎　　1.A。“Sit down and stay where you are.”和“Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times.”是解答本小题的关键句子。‎ ‎　　2.D。该题的答案源自“Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun.”一句中。‎ ‎　　3.C。“They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots. When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.”是答案的出处。‎ ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎ ‎　　4.D。根据“Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.”可知“当你离开原地去找水喝时，不要径直走开，要在路上留下标记，以便能找到回到原地方的路。”‎ ‎　　5.B。由文章末句“The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.”和开头的“…this is what you should do.”可不难得出答案。‎ ‎ 第 - 7 - 页 共 7 页 ‎