北京英语中考真题2014—2018任务型阅读专项 5页

‎2014年真题 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）‎ Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate． But do you know that the Hershey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old? And do you know that the father of HersheyChocolate,Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before he started his famous company?‎ Milton Hershey grew up in Pennsylvania． Before he became interested in making chocolate,he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first,and then decided that printing was not the right job for him．‎ Then he worked at a candy factory in Lancaster． After working a few years there,he decided to open his own little candy business near Philadelphia． His first business failed because it was not making money ,After that,he went to Denver to learn how to make caramels（焦糖）． He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies on the street ． But his second business also failed．‎ Finally , Milton Hershey moved back to Pennsylvania where he grew up ． He then experimented with all sorts of different candies and chicilates,By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy each year． Since his chocolate-flavored（巧克力味的）caramels were the best selling, he decided to make chocolate himself．‎ By experimenting , Milton Hershey discovered how to make delicious chocolate． The area where he lived had easy supply of milk and sugar , which helped him succeed in his chocolate business． In 1903 , Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and a town to go wish it．‎ Today, the town of Hershey is still the home of the factory that Milton Hershey built．And if you ever visit it, you can smell delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town．‎ The factory is not so hard to find．Just travel down Cocoa Avenue until you get to East Chocolate Avenue． Turn ringt at the traffic lights and just follow your nose．‎ 64. Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate ?‎ 65. Where did he grow up?‎ 66. Why did he go to Denver?‎ 67. Why did he decide to make chocolate himself?‎ 68. What might be the reasons for Hershey’s success In his chocolate business?‎ 八．阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共 10 分，每题 2 分）‎ Black Friday Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is thestart of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.‎ Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They open their doors quite early in the morning. Theytry to attract shoppers with big discounts (打折). Some items (商品)like TVs and cloths are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for otherpeople while they are in the store.‎ Black Friday is a great time to go shopping. However, there are problem. The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items. Each store may only have a few. These items are in great need,so people stand in long lines to get them. They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer, but not everybody can get one. Some peopleleave, disappointed.‎ The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have beenfights over toys among shoppers. Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds. But most BlackFriday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan to go, you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing.‎ So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores triedto rename the day “Big Friday”. It did not stick. The name “Black Friday” continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.‎ Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events. It is even spreading to other partsof the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the UK, Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Mexico,stores offer a weekend of discounts every year. They call it “El Buen Fin”, which means “the goodweekend” in Spanish. I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.61. Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season?‎ ‎62. What is the biggest problem with Black Friday?‎ ‎63. How long may people have to wait before a store opens?‎ ‎64. Where was the name “Black Friday” first used in the 1950s?‎ ‎65. Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?‎ ‎2016年真题 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。(共 10 分，每小题 2 分)‎ A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the NorthSea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it moved slowly for108 years and 138 days.‎ Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was thenon vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto thebeach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that thebottle was old, so she didn’t want to damage it.‎ Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper wasactually a postcard. On the back of the card was this message: The Marine BiologicalAssociation (海洋生物学协会) would pay a shilling (先令) for the bottle. A shiling was a unitof money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s.‎ Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get apostcard addressed to George Bidder, the president of the association from 1939 to 1945.The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shiling. They found oneand sent it to Winkler as a reward.‎ The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason MarianneWinkler got a place in “Guinness World Records” (吉尼斯世界纪录). She broke the recordfor the oldest message in a bottle.‎ Winkler’s bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906, hesent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents (洋流) in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended onthe people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottleswere returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Sea’s currents.61. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?‎ ‎62. Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?‎ ‎63. What was in the bottle?‎ ‎64. Who was George Bidder?‎ ‎65. Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?‎ ‎2017年真题 ‎、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 。 （共 0 10 分，每小题 2 2 分）‎ What’s in a Name?‎ Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?‎ Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name-- their first name. In the 11th century, five orsix of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the MiddleAges, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, onemight be referred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third,William the blacksmith（铁匠）. And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might referto the four Williams as William John’s son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.‎ It was 300 or 400 years before the extra（附加的）names gradually developed into last names, orsurnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of Williamsmith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father.‎ ‎ As the last name becamewidely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of theupper and middle classes had surnames.‎ Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The “son of” part was added to the father’s firstname, like Johnson, meaning John’s son. Sometimes it was shortened to just “s”, as in Jones or Evans.Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. Athird kind of surname was based on a person’s job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In theMiddle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind ofsurname was nickname（绰号）.Aman whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.‎ Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in theEnglish language is Smith. Being able to make metals（金属）into tools was an important skill in the MiddleAges, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith,Johnson, William and Brown.61. Where do many American names come from?‎ ‎62. When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?‎ ‎63. How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?‎ ‎64. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?‎ ‎65. Why were many people trained blacksmith in the MiddleAges?‎ 四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）‎ When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?‎ In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”．Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.‎ Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.‎ The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:‎ A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)‎ D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)‎ We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.‎ Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.‎ Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.‎ Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning。However，as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.‎ ‎34.what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?‎ ‎35.when was the letter grading system first used in the US college?‎ ‎36.what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?‎ ‎37.what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?‎ ‎38.why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?‎