中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题11　动词的语态 4页

专题十一　动词的语态 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 ‎2019年毕节中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年毕节中考对动词的语态的考查仍是重点，倾向于考查动词被动语态的用法，主要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现，考查的小题数约3—4道。‎ ‎2019‎ 动词的时态和语态的用法 一般过去时的被动语态 ‎25‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ 动词的时态和语态的用法 一般过去时的被动语态 ‎25‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ 毕节中考考点突破 ‎　动词的语态 ‎1．动词语态的分类 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。‎ ‎(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：‎ Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。‎ ‎(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：‎ Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)‎ ‎2．被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的八种时态的被动语态结构及情态动词的被动语态如下：‎ 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋‎ 过去分词 Chinese is spoken by many people.‎ 一般过去时 was/were＋‎ 过去分词 Chinese was spoken by many people.‎ 一般将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词或am/is/are going to be＋过去分词 Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be spoken by many people.‎ 过去将来时(不常考)‎ would be＋过去分词或was/were going to be＋过去分词 Chinese would be spoken by many people.或：Chinese was going to be spoken by many people.‎ 现在进行时(不常考)‎ am/is/are being＋过去分词 Chinese is being spoken by many people.‎ 续表 时态 被动语态结构 例句 过去 进行时 ‎(不常 考)‎ was/were being＋过去分词 Chinese was being spoken by many people.‎ 现在 完成时 ‎(不常 考)‎ has/have＋been＋过去分词 Chinese has been spoken by many people.‎ 过去 完成时 ‎(不常 考)‎ had＋been＋过去分词 Chinese had been spoken by many people.‎ 含有情 态动词 的被动 语态 情态动词＋be＋过去分词 Chinese must be spoken by many people.‎ ‎　　3.主动语态变被动语态的方法 ‎(1)图示：‎ ‎(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。‎ ‎(3)变换步骤：‎ ‎①将主动句的宾语变为主语。‎ 如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：‎ Tom killed him.→He was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。‎ ‎②将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。‎ be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：‎ They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。‎ ‎③将主动语态的主语改为“by…”，放在谓语动词后。‎ 如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：‎ He sang a song.→A song was sung by him.他唱了一首歌。‎ ‎4．常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构 ‎(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：‎ Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。‎ ‎(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如：‎ We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。‎ ‎(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb.be made to do sth.如：‎ The teacher makes the students do much homework every day.→The students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让学生们每天做很多家庭作业。‎ ‎(4)动词短语的被动语态 ‎ 动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：‎ ‎ My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹将会被外祖母照顾。‎ ‎(5)表示“据说”或“相信”等的词组 It is said that… 据说……‎ It is reported that… 据报道……‎ It is believed that… 大家相信……‎ It is hoped that… 大家希望……‎ It is well known that… 众所周知……‎ It is thought that… 大家认为……‎ It is suggested that… 大家建议……‎ It has been decided that… 大家决定……‎ It must be remembered that… 务必记住的是……‎ ‎5．不能使用被动结构的情况 ‎(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：‎ The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。‎ ‎(2)有些动词在后面跟动词ing形式表被动含义，如need/want/require/worth等。如：‎ ‎ Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。‎ ‎ The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。‎ ‎ The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。‎ ‎ Your shoes need cleaning right now.你的鞋子需要马上清理一下。‎ ‎(3)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态，如：‎ happen，appear，last，lie，remain，sit，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place等。如：‎ ‎ The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。‎ ‎6．主动形式表示被动意义 wash，clean，cook，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell，drive等通常与well，easily，slowly，quickly等副词连用。如：‎ The book sells well. 这本书销售的好。‎ ‎7．特殊结构：make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth.done(请某人做某事)。如：‎ Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut.你的头发太长了。你应该剪头发。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎(　C　)1.(2019安徽中考)The weatherman says a rain shower ______ this afternoon in the south.‎ A．expects B．expected C．is expected D．was expected ‎(　B　)2.(2019预测)The task ______ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.‎ A．was finished B．will be finished C．finish D．will finish 毕节中考题例及解析 单项填空。‎ ‎(　 　)1.(2019毕节中考)The mobile phone ______ in 1973.‎ A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented ‎【解析】考查动词时态及语态的用法。句意：手机是1973年发明的。invents一般现在时；invented一般过去时；was invented一般过去时的被动语态；is invented一般现在时的被动语态。in 1973表示过去的时间，结合句意，主语是动作的承受者，用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。‎ ‎(　 　)2.(2019毕节中考)A bridge ______ over the river last year.‎ A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built ‎【解析】考查动词时态及语态的用法。句意：去年，这条河上建了一座桥。builds一般现在时；built一般过去时；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is built一般现在时的被动语态。last year用于一般过去时，结合句意，主语是动作的承受者，用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。‎ 考 点 抢 测 ‎　动词的语态 单项填空。‎ ‎(　C　)1.(2019南充中考)—What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!‎ ‎—Yes，many old trees and houses ______．‎ A．pull down B．were pulling down C．were pulled down D．pulled down ‎(　C　)2.(2019南京中考)—Simon，do you know who invented the kite?‎ ‎—Sure! It ______ by Mozi over 2，000 years ago.‎ A．is invented B．invented C．was invented D．will be invented ‎(　D　)3.(2019重庆中考A卷)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games ______ in China.I'm sure it will be a great success.‎ A．hold B．will hold C．were held D．will be held ‎(　B　)4.(2019河北中考)Look at the picture.The top five TV plays ______ in it.‎ A．list B．are listed C．will list D．will be listed ‎(　B　)5.(2019扬州中考)—What are you watching?‎ ‎—The Story of China.This part ______ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2019.‎ A．filmed B．was filmed C．has filmed D．is filmed ‎(　D　)6.(2019北京中考)A new international airport ______ in the city next year.‎ A．completes B．is completed C．will complete D．will be completed ‎(　D　)7.(2019盐城中考)A lot of new roads ______ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.‎ A．built B．were built C．build D．will be built ‎(　C　)8.(2019长春中考)We Chinese ______ by the touching documentary Amazing China.‎ A．encourage B．encourages C．are encouraged D．are encouraging ‎(　A　)9.(2019玉林中考)—What do you know about the 2019 Russia FIFA World Cup?‎ ‎—Oh，I only know that the last game ______ on July 15.‎ A．was played B．is played C．will be played D．will play ‎(　C　)10.(2019沈阳中考)There will be fewer workers in factories because most work ______ by robots in the future.‎ A．is done B．was done C．will be done D．will do